We study whether parents modify their attitudes towards gender norms after childbirth. By comparing their answers before and after childbirth, we observe that parents become more traditional. Moreover, we find that this effect is more pronounced in contexts where it is more difficult to reconcile work and care responsibilities. This finding shows that people adjust their attitudes to their circumstances.
Childbearing and attitudes towards gender normsGRAPE
The research studies whether major life events affect the perception of social norms. Specifically, I focus on how giving birth to a first child affects attitudes towards gender norms. I find that after childbirth people become more likely to agree with traditional division of household chores. Effects are contingent on country and demographic characteristics
After couples have their first child, parents become more likely to agree with statements showing traditional gender norms. In this research I study how common this finding is across countries,and whether differences across countries can shed light on the reasons
Does childbearing makes us more conservative?GRAPE
The research shows that upon becoming parents, mothers (and fathers) embrace more traditional norms in a number of domains. They are more likely to put a higher value on family that before, and they would even conform to a male breadwinner model. The change in attitudes is more pronounced in Central and Eastern European countries, and almost negligible elsewhere. I further show that this is related to a series of characteristics of those countries. Noteworthy, changes are more frequent in countries where women receive less support during motherhood from the state, and where differences in norms across genders are more marked.
Na zaproszenie Pani Profesor Elżbiety Gołaty, prorektora Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Poznaniu Paweł Strzelecki przedstawił zebranym specjalistom zajmującym się statystyką i demografią wyniki symulacji efektów różnych scenariuszy wzrostu dzietności za pomocą modelu makroekonomicznego nakładających się pokoleń (OLG). Szczególnie ożywioną dyskusję wzbudziła możliwość kwantyfikacji dobrobytowych skutków polityki prorodzinnej oraz efekty makroekonomiczne w dłuższym terminie. Dyskusja dotyczyła także możliwości pomiaru stanu zdrowia ludności za pomocą dostępnych danych. Bardzo dziękujemy za możliwość podzielania się wynikami badań oraz bardzo ciekawe uwagi.
Presentation given at Gendered dimensions of migration: Material and social outcomes of South-South migration. 30 June - 2 July 2015 at the Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore http://migratingoutofpoverty.dfid.gov.uk/research/womenandchildren/gendered_dimensions
Kela Lecture comment on Gösta Esping Andersen "Asymmetric Opportunity Structures and Family Policy". Comment by Ulla Hämäläinen, Senior researcher, Kela 6.6.2014.
Lorraine Sherr, Professor, University College London– Parenting support in the context of HIV, Expert Consultation on Family and Parenting Support, UNICEF Office of Research – Innocenti Florence 26-27 May 2014
Introduction to Factor Analysis for and With Mixed Methods: British Academy ...Wendy Olsen
In this presentation, we set up the aims and mechanisms of the Workshop on Integrated Mixed Methods Research held at University of Manchester (Nov. 3, 2014); it specifically focuses on Factor Analysis, which creates a scale for a gender norm about labour markets. We show how a classical scale and a factor are similar, how they relate to regression and to labour supply, and how NVIVO can be used to follow up a mixed methods workshop or focus group. This creates a mixed-methods approach to gender norms in the labour market. Quite original and very promising. The workshop was a huge success running from 10 am to 3 pm following by an extra hour discussing how this leads to possible research opportunities.
Childbearing and attitudes towards gender normsGRAPE
The research studies whether major life events affect the perception of social norms. Specifically, I focus on how giving birth to a first child affects attitudes towards gender norms. I find that after childbirth people become more likely to agree with traditional division of household chores. Effects are contingent on country and demographic characteristics
After couples have their first child, parents become more likely to agree with statements showing traditional gender norms. In this research I study how common this finding is across countries,and whether differences across countries can shed light on the reasons
Does childbearing makes us more conservative?GRAPE
The research shows that upon becoming parents, mothers (and fathers) embrace more traditional norms in a number of domains. They are more likely to put a higher value on family that before, and they would even conform to a male breadwinner model. The change in attitudes is more pronounced in Central and Eastern European countries, and almost negligible elsewhere. I further show that this is related to a series of characteristics of those countries. Noteworthy, changes are more frequent in countries where women receive less support during motherhood from the state, and where differences in norms across genders are more marked.
Na zaproszenie Pani Profesor Elżbiety Gołaty, prorektora Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Poznaniu Paweł Strzelecki przedstawił zebranym specjalistom zajmującym się statystyką i demografią wyniki symulacji efektów różnych scenariuszy wzrostu dzietności za pomocą modelu makroekonomicznego nakładających się pokoleń (OLG). Szczególnie ożywioną dyskusję wzbudziła możliwość kwantyfikacji dobrobytowych skutków polityki prorodzinnej oraz efekty makroekonomiczne w dłuższym terminie. Dyskusja dotyczyła także możliwości pomiaru stanu zdrowia ludności za pomocą dostępnych danych. Bardzo dziękujemy za możliwość podzielania się wynikami badań oraz bardzo ciekawe uwagi.
Presentation given at Gendered dimensions of migration: Material and social outcomes of South-South migration. 30 June - 2 July 2015 at the Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore http://migratingoutofpoverty.dfid.gov.uk/research/womenandchildren/gendered_dimensions
Kela Lecture comment on Gösta Esping Andersen "Asymmetric Opportunity Structures and Family Policy". Comment by Ulla Hämäläinen, Senior researcher, Kela 6.6.2014.
Lorraine Sherr, Professor, University College London– Parenting support in the context of HIV, Expert Consultation on Family and Parenting Support, UNICEF Office of Research – Innocenti Florence 26-27 May 2014
Introduction to Factor Analysis for and With Mixed Methods: British Academy ...Wendy Olsen
In this presentation, we set up the aims and mechanisms of the Workshop on Integrated Mixed Methods Research held at University of Manchester (Nov. 3, 2014); it specifically focuses on Factor Analysis, which creates a scale for a gender norm about labour markets. We show how a classical scale and a factor are similar, how they relate to regression and to labour supply, and how NVIVO can be used to follow up a mixed methods workshop or focus group. This creates a mixed-methods approach to gender norms in the labour market. Quite original and very promising. The workshop was a huge success running from 10 am to 3 pm following by an extra hour discussing how this leads to possible research opportunities.
Statistical discrimination offers a compelling story to understand gender wage gaps, at least during the early stages of the career. Employers believe that women will get pregnant with a positive probability, which leads to potential losses, eg. costs associated with finding substitutes, potential losses in customers, etc. Employers then have an incentive to offer women lower wages, in order to discount for future losses. If that is the case, lower and delayed fertility should imply lower discount in wages, and consequently reductions in the gender pay gap among entrants.
In order to test for this hypothesis, we collect individual level data from European countries dating back to the early 1990. Having compiled these data, we compute the adjusted gender wage gap for workers at the early stages of their career, that is for those aged 25 to 29. These adjuste differences are obtained using the non-parametric approach pioneered by Nopo. We then regress these measures on macro data on fertility changes. If the statistical discrimination hypothesis is correct, we should expect that the secular decline in fertility observed in Europe over the last 30 years is correlated with lower estimates of the gender wage gap. Our estimates suggest that this is indeed the case. Using the age at first birth as a proxy for fertility, we find that postponing childbirth by an additional year leads to a reduction of .18 in the adjusted gap.
One caveat with this result is that fertility can be endogeneous to wages. If women were to receive higher wages, they might choose to postpone childbirths. To address this issue, we instrument our measure of fertility with the number of years since the introduction of the pill in the country. This measures varies across countries and over time, while at the same time it is fairly exogeneous, as the introduction of the pill occurred several generations back, normally in the mid-60 and 70s. First stage regressions reveal that the instrument correlates well with mean age at first birth. Second stage estimates are still significant, though they are smaller in magnitude. We conclude that recent changes in fertility helped to reduce the gender wage gap among women entering to the labor market.
Helen Russell, Research Professor at the ESRI, gave this presentation at a conference titled "Promoting social mobility and equal opportunities in Europe" on 11 November 2019.
The event was organised by the European Consortium for Sociological Research and it took place at the European Parliament.
The research uses data from the Growing Up in Ireland study. More information on this longitudinal study is available here: https://www.esri.ie/growing-up-in-ireland
Our analysis focuses on how workers select their occupations, putting a strong emphasis on intergenerational transmission of cultural norms and beliefs. Our results suggest that sons are not only likely to inherit parent views, but also the type of occupations. We propose an extension to the model of occupational selection that incorporates this feature.
Martin Ljunge of the Research Institute of Industrial Economics joined us as a visiting scholar over this past month at the Kauffman Foundation. During his time with us, we were able to learn a little more about his work in “trust issues.” How cultural perceptions of trust impact economic decisions, such as the decision to start a business.
Statistical discrimination at young age (the poster)GRAPE
During the last 30 years, women started giving birth at higher ages. While in 1990 the average age at first birth was 26, in 2019 this number was already 29. Given this trend, we ask whether the decision to postpone fertility helped to close the gender wage gap. Our results show that yes. Postponing fertility by a year lead to a fall in the gender wage gap by 2 percent, or approximately 12% of the average gap.
Grandparenting in Europe 2013- who are the grandparents provoding childcare?Grandparents Plus
Grandparenting in Europe produced for Grandparents Plus by the Institute for Gerontology at King’s College London, shows that over 40% of grandparents in 12 European countries studied provide child care. This major new research shows a direct relationship between grandparents caring and the availability of affordable formal childcare and support for parents. It points to an emerging childcare crisis as the very grandmothers who are providing care are being expected by governments to stay in work longer.
May Gadallah- Cairo University
Maia Sieverding- American University of Beirut
Rania Roushdy- Population Council Egypt
ERF Workshop on The Political Economy of Contemporary Arab Societies
Beirut, Lebanon August 24-25, 2016
www.erf.org.eg
A presentation by Jane Waldfogel as part of the Comparability of Measurement Instruments Across Ages and Contexts panel discussion at the International Symposium on Cohort and Longitudinal Studies in Developing Contexts, UNICEF Office of Research - Innocenti, Florence, Italy 13-15 October 2014
Graduate Students’ Perceptions of Work and Family: Gender and Program Compari...ADVANCE-Purdue
Recent political debates have suggested that the United States is on the verge of a crisis and their position as a leader in producing talented and ambitious individuals in technical professions, such as engineering, is in jeopardy. A National Academy of Sciences 2006 report stated, “the United States can no longer afford the underperformance of our academic institutions in attracting the best and brightest minds to the science and engineering enterprise. Nor can it afford to devalue the contributions of some members of that workforce through gender inequities and discrimination” (2006).
Recent years have seen the movement of women into male-predominated programs and the movement of some programs toward gender-neutral compositions. However, a study of undergraduate college women revealed that women in male-predominated programs were more likely than those in female-predominated programs to report thinking about changing their major (Steele, James, & Bartnett, 2002) indicating that there is a problem in retaining these women recruited into male-predominated programs.
This study assessed perceptions of family supportiveness in academic program and anticipated career, anticipated career barriers, gender ideology and strategies for combining career and family among 181 graduate students from male-predominated, female-predominated, and gender-neutral programs at 11 research-extensive universities in the United States. Gender and program comparisons in perceptions of family supportiveness and anticipated career barriers were examined.
Unexpectedly, students in female-predominated programs perceived their programs and future careers to be less supportive of families than students in other programs. Women also anticipated more barriers to their chosen careers than men, with a significant gender by program interaction with women in male-predominated programs anticipating the most severe career barriers. While an egalitarian gender ideology was found to be a significant predictor of career scaling back for women it was not associated with career scaling back for men.
UCL women's group presentation final versionBelinda Brown
Belinda Brown from the Gender Equity Network explores the possibility that gender equality policies designed to correct gender imbalances at the top of academia may be obscuring far more serious inequalities occurring further down
An Extensive Longitudinal Study into Children & Youth around the world: Methodological challenges, strengths and weaknesses
Marta Favara, Young Lives
CLOSER Longitudinal Methodology Series seminar
July 28th , 2016
Methodological challenges, strengths, and weaknesses of an extensive longitudinal study into children and youth around the world
presented by Marta Favara of Young Lives
to the CLOSER Longitudinal Methodology Seminar Series
28 July, 2016
Seminar: Gender Board Diversity through Ownership NetworksGRAPE
Seminar on gender diversity spillovers through ownership networks at FAME|GRAPE. Presenting novel research. Studies in economics and management using econometrics methods.
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
Statistical discrimination offers a compelling story to understand gender wage gaps, at least during the early stages of the career. Employers believe that women will get pregnant with a positive probability, which leads to potential losses, eg. costs associated with finding substitutes, potential losses in customers, etc. Employers then have an incentive to offer women lower wages, in order to discount for future losses. If that is the case, lower and delayed fertility should imply lower discount in wages, and consequently reductions in the gender pay gap among entrants.
In order to test for this hypothesis, we collect individual level data from European countries dating back to the early 1990. Having compiled these data, we compute the adjusted gender wage gap for workers at the early stages of their career, that is for those aged 25 to 29. These adjuste differences are obtained using the non-parametric approach pioneered by Nopo. We then regress these measures on macro data on fertility changes. If the statistical discrimination hypothesis is correct, we should expect that the secular decline in fertility observed in Europe over the last 30 years is correlated with lower estimates of the gender wage gap. Our estimates suggest that this is indeed the case. Using the age at first birth as a proxy for fertility, we find that postponing childbirth by an additional year leads to a reduction of .18 in the adjusted gap.
One caveat with this result is that fertility can be endogeneous to wages. If women were to receive higher wages, they might choose to postpone childbirths. To address this issue, we instrument our measure of fertility with the number of years since the introduction of the pill in the country. This measures varies across countries and over time, while at the same time it is fairly exogeneous, as the introduction of the pill occurred several generations back, normally in the mid-60 and 70s. First stage regressions reveal that the instrument correlates well with mean age at first birth. Second stage estimates are still significant, though they are smaller in magnitude. We conclude that recent changes in fertility helped to reduce the gender wage gap among women entering to the labor market.
Helen Russell, Research Professor at the ESRI, gave this presentation at a conference titled "Promoting social mobility and equal opportunities in Europe" on 11 November 2019.
The event was organised by the European Consortium for Sociological Research and it took place at the European Parliament.
The research uses data from the Growing Up in Ireland study. More information on this longitudinal study is available here: https://www.esri.ie/growing-up-in-ireland
Our analysis focuses on how workers select their occupations, putting a strong emphasis on intergenerational transmission of cultural norms and beliefs. Our results suggest that sons are not only likely to inherit parent views, but also the type of occupations. We propose an extension to the model of occupational selection that incorporates this feature.
Martin Ljunge of the Research Institute of Industrial Economics joined us as a visiting scholar over this past month at the Kauffman Foundation. During his time with us, we were able to learn a little more about his work in “trust issues.” How cultural perceptions of trust impact economic decisions, such as the decision to start a business.
Statistical discrimination at young age (the poster)GRAPE
During the last 30 years, women started giving birth at higher ages. While in 1990 the average age at first birth was 26, in 2019 this number was already 29. Given this trend, we ask whether the decision to postpone fertility helped to close the gender wage gap. Our results show that yes. Postponing fertility by a year lead to a fall in the gender wage gap by 2 percent, or approximately 12% of the average gap.
Grandparenting in Europe 2013- who are the grandparents provoding childcare?Grandparents Plus
Grandparenting in Europe produced for Grandparents Plus by the Institute for Gerontology at King’s College London, shows that over 40% of grandparents in 12 European countries studied provide child care. This major new research shows a direct relationship between grandparents caring and the availability of affordable formal childcare and support for parents. It points to an emerging childcare crisis as the very grandmothers who are providing care are being expected by governments to stay in work longer.
May Gadallah- Cairo University
Maia Sieverding- American University of Beirut
Rania Roushdy- Population Council Egypt
ERF Workshop on The Political Economy of Contemporary Arab Societies
Beirut, Lebanon August 24-25, 2016
www.erf.org.eg
A presentation by Jane Waldfogel as part of the Comparability of Measurement Instruments Across Ages and Contexts panel discussion at the International Symposium on Cohort and Longitudinal Studies in Developing Contexts, UNICEF Office of Research - Innocenti, Florence, Italy 13-15 October 2014
Graduate Students’ Perceptions of Work and Family: Gender and Program Compari...ADVANCE-Purdue
Recent political debates have suggested that the United States is on the verge of a crisis and their position as a leader in producing talented and ambitious individuals in technical professions, such as engineering, is in jeopardy. A National Academy of Sciences 2006 report stated, “the United States can no longer afford the underperformance of our academic institutions in attracting the best and brightest minds to the science and engineering enterprise. Nor can it afford to devalue the contributions of some members of that workforce through gender inequities and discrimination” (2006).
Recent years have seen the movement of women into male-predominated programs and the movement of some programs toward gender-neutral compositions. However, a study of undergraduate college women revealed that women in male-predominated programs were more likely than those in female-predominated programs to report thinking about changing their major (Steele, James, & Bartnett, 2002) indicating that there is a problem in retaining these women recruited into male-predominated programs.
This study assessed perceptions of family supportiveness in academic program and anticipated career, anticipated career barriers, gender ideology and strategies for combining career and family among 181 graduate students from male-predominated, female-predominated, and gender-neutral programs at 11 research-extensive universities in the United States. Gender and program comparisons in perceptions of family supportiveness and anticipated career barriers were examined.
Unexpectedly, students in female-predominated programs perceived their programs and future careers to be less supportive of families than students in other programs. Women also anticipated more barriers to their chosen careers than men, with a significant gender by program interaction with women in male-predominated programs anticipating the most severe career barriers. While an egalitarian gender ideology was found to be a significant predictor of career scaling back for women it was not associated with career scaling back for men.
UCL women's group presentation final versionBelinda Brown
Belinda Brown from the Gender Equity Network explores the possibility that gender equality policies designed to correct gender imbalances at the top of academia may be obscuring far more serious inequalities occurring further down
An Extensive Longitudinal Study into Children & Youth around the world: Methodological challenges, strengths and weaknesses
Marta Favara, Young Lives
CLOSER Longitudinal Methodology Series seminar
July 28th , 2016
Methodological challenges, strengths, and weaknesses of an extensive longitudinal study into children and youth around the world
presented by Marta Favara of Young Lives
to the CLOSER Longitudinal Methodology Seminar Series
28 July, 2016
Seminar: Gender Board Diversity through Ownership NetworksGRAPE
Seminar on gender diversity spillovers through ownership networks at FAME|GRAPE. Presenting novel research. Studies in economics and management using econometrics methods.
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
Revisiting gender board diversity and firm performanceGRAPE
Cel: oszacować wpływ inkluzywności władz spółek na ich wyniki.
Co wiemy?
• Większość firm nie ma równosci płci w organach (ILO, 2015)
• Większość firm nie ma w ogóle kobiet we władzach
Demographic transition and the rise of wealth inequalityGRAPE
We study the contribution of rising longevity to the rise of wealth inequality in the U.S. over the last seventy years. We construct an OLG model with multiple sources of inequality, closely calibrated to the data. Our main finding is that improvements in old-age longevity explain about 30% of the observed rise in wealth inequality. This magnitude is similar to previously emphasized channels associated with income inequality and the tax system. The contribution of demographics is bound to raise wealth inequality further in the decades to come.
(Gender) tone at the top: the effect of board diversity on gender inequalityGRAPE
The research explores to what extent the presence of women on board affects gender inequality downstream. We find that increasing presence reduces gender inequality. To avoid reverse causality, we propose a new instrument: the share of household consumption in total output. We extend the analysis to recover the effect of a single woman on board (tokenism(
Gender board diversity spillovers and the public eyeGRAPE
A range of policy recommendations mandating gender board quotas is based on the idea that "women help women". We analyze potential gender diversity spillovers from supervisory to top managerial positions over three decades in Europe. Contrary to previous studies which worked with stock listed firms or were region locked, we use a large data base of roughly 2 000 000 firms. We find evidence that women do not help women in corporate Europe, unless the firm is stock listed. Only within public firms, going from no woman to at least one woman on supervisory position is associated with a 10-15% higher probability of appointing at least one woman to the executive position. This pattern aligns with various managerial theories, suggesting that external visibility influences corporate gender diversity practices. The study implies that diversity policies, while impactful in public firms, have limited
effectiveness in promoting gender diversity in corporate Europe.
Tone at the top: the effects of gender board diversity on gender wage inequal...GRAPE
We address the gender wage gap in Europe, focusing on the impact of female representation in executive and non-executive boards. We use a novel dataset to identify gender board diversity across European firms, which covers a comprehensive sample of private firms in addition to publicly listed ones. Our study spans three waves of the Structure of Earnings Survey, covering 26 countries and multiple industries. Despite low prevalence of female representation and the complex nature of gender wage inequality, our findings reveal a robust causal link: increased gender diversity significantly decreases the adjusted gender wage gap. We also demonstrate that to meaningfully impact gender wage gaps, the presence of a single female representative in leadership is insufficient.
Gender board diversity spillovers and the public eyeGRAPE
A range of policy recommendations mandating gender board quotas is based on the idea that "women help women". We analyze potential gender diversity spillovers from supervisory to top managerial positions over three decades in Europe. Contrary to previous studies which worked with stock listed firms or were region locked, we use a large data base of roughly 2 000 000 firms. We find evidence that women do not help women in corporate Europe, unless the firm is stock listed. Only within public firms, going from no woman to at least one woman on supervisory position is associated with a 10-15\% higher probability of appointing at least one woman to the executive position. This pattern aligns with the Public Eye Managerial Theory, suggesting that external visibility influences corporate gender diversity practices. The study implies that diversity policies, while impactful in public firms, have limited effectiveness in promoting gender diversity in corporate Europe.
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large New Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economies, we use this model to provide comparative statics across past and contemporaneous age structures of the working population. Thus, we quantify the extent to which the response of labor markets to adverse TFP shocks and monetary policy shocks becomes muted with the aging of the working population. Our findings have important policy implications for European labor markets and beyond. For example, the working population is expected to further age in Europe, whereas the share of young workers will remain robust in the US. Our results suggest a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle. Furthermore, with the aging population, lowering inflation volatility is less costly in terms of higher unemployment volatility. It suggests that optimal monetary policy should be more hawkish in the older society.
Evidence concerning inequality in ability to realize aspirations is prevalent: overall, in specialized segments of the labor market, in self-employment and high-aspirations environments. Empirical literature and public debate are full of case studies and comprehensive empirical studies documenting the paramount gap between successful individuals (typically ethnic majority men) and those who are less likely to “make it” (typically ethnic minority and women). So far the drivers of these disparities and their consequences have been studied much less intensively, due to methodological constraints and shortage of appropriate data. This project proposes significant innovations to overcome both types of barriers and push the frontier of the research agenda on equality in reaching aspirations.
Overall, project is interdisciplinary, combining four fields: management, economics, quantitative methods and psychology. An important feature of this project is that it offers a diversified methodological perspective, combining applied microeconometrics, as well as experimental methods.
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank Introduce New Co-Branded Credit Cardnickysharmasucks
The unveiling of the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card marks a notable milestone in the Indian financial landscape, showcasing a successful partnership between two leading institutions, Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank. This co-branded credit card not only offers users a plethora of benefits but also reflects a commitment to innovation and adaptation. With a focus on providing value-driven and customer-centric solutions, this launch represents more than just a new product—it signifies a step towards redefining the banking experience for millions. Promising convenience, rewards, and a touch of luxury in everyday financial transactions, this collaboration aims to cater to the evolving needs of customers and set new standards in the industry.
Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank Introduce New Co-Branded Credit Card
Childbearing and gender norms
1. Empirical Analysis
We use a PSM + DiD approach to provide causal estimates
Pr 𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠 𝑖,𝑡 = 𝛼 + 𝛽1𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖 + 𝛽2𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑡 + 𝛽3𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖 × 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑡 + 𝜖𝑖,𝑡
(1)Family related norms (2) Women in Labor market
What we know
Qualitative evidence that
- Having a child leads to changes in
roles within couples
- Focus on short term changes
Limited quantitative evidence
- Mostly from Anglo-saxon countries
- Stronger evidence from
daughters
- Outcomes: political views, norms.
Does childbearing foster traditional attitudes
towards gender norms?
Lucas van der Velde
SGH, FAME|GRAPE, University of Warsaw
Data: Gender and
Generations Survey
Features
- Longitudinal data:
- 4-5 years between waves
- Collected between 2002 -2015
- Observe resp before and after birth
- ~ 12 k obs. from 10 countries
(Austria, Bulgaria, Czechia, France, Georgia,
Germany, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland and Russia)
Items on gender norms
- Family related:
1. Women require a child to be fulfilled
2. Men require a child to be fulfilled
3. Pre-school children suffer if their mother works
- Women in labor market
4. When jobs are scarce, men have more right
than women.
5. If women earns more than husband, it is not
good for the relationship
6. Being a housewife is just as fulfilling as a paid
job
All items were converted to 0-1, where 1
expresses agree / strongly agree
How do we contribute?
(1) We study changes in expressed
attitudes around childbirth
(2) The comparative analysis extends
results to more countries
(3) Compare results for mothers and
fathers
(4) We link changes in attitudes to
country characteristics
Heterogeneity results
We make three distinctions across countries
(a) CEE vs non CEE (see figure on right)
(b)High vs low differentiation of gender roles
(c) Availability of institutionalized care
(d)Share of tasks by women before birth
Conclusions
- Women (& men) adopt more traditional views on gender norms after childbirth
- Effect is stronger in CEE countries, where availability of care is lower, where and
where there is greater differentiation
- Relationship is consistent with cognitive dissonance models
- Consequences for gender gaps (?)
Questions, comments?
w: grape.org.pl/lvandervelde
t: @lvelde4 , @grape_org
e: lvandervelde@grape.org.pl
Women need a child
to be fulfilled
Men need a child
to be fulfilled
Pre-school children suffer
when mother works
When jobs are scarce
men have priority
Relation suffers when
woman earns more than man
Being a housewife is as
fulfilling as paid work
-.05 0 .05 .1 .15
ß3 + 90% CI
Men Women
CEE countries
Women need a child
to be fulfilled
Men need a child
to be fulfilled
Pre-school children suffer
when mother works
When jobs are scarce
men have priority
Relation suffers when
woman earns more than man
Being a housewife is as
fulfilling as paid work
-.15 -.1 -.05 0 .05 .1
ß3 + 90% CI
Men Women
Non-CEE countries
Women need a child
to be fulfilled
Men need a child
to be fulfilled
Pre-school children suffer
when mother works
-.05 0 .05 .1 .15
ß3 + 90% CI
Men Women
When jobs are scarce
men have priority
Relation suffers when
woman earns more than man
Being a housewife is as
fulfilling as paid work
-.1 -.05 0 .05 .1
ß3 + 90% CI
Men Women
Scan for WP