About child health to common people

1. SYNERGY-1
DR.TEJASWINI.M​

2. Contents
Growth of the child
Physical health issues
Mental health issues
2

3. GROWTH OF THE CHILD
growth
Chest
circumference
weight
height
Head
circumferenc
e
3

4. • Annual revenue growth
4

5. Determinants of GROWTH and
DEVELOPMENT
“ ”
AGE
5
GENETIC INHERITANCE

6. DETERMINANTS
SEX
INFECTIONS, INFESTATIONS
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PHYSICAL SURROUNDINGS

7. DETERMINANTS
Psychological factors Economic Factors
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• Other factors
• - Birth order,
• Birth spacing,
• Education of parents

8. GROWTH CHARTS
8

9. 9

10. Problems
faced by
children
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1. PHYSICAL- infectious and non
infectious diseases
accidents and poisoning
2. MENTAL

11. PHYSICAL PROBLEMS
• INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Diarrhoea
ARI
Vaccine preventable diseases
• NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Accidents and poisoning
Seizures
Childhood obesity

12. INFECTIOUS DISEASES
DIARRHOEA
A change from normal bowel habits to more frequent(>3 times) and
looser or watery stools.
self-limiting and last for 2-3 days.
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13. 13

14. TREATMENT
• Oral Rehydration
Solutions –
the most effective,
least expensive way to
manage diarrhoeal
dehydration
• .
IDEAL CONTENTS
1.Starches and/or sugars as
a source of glucose and
energy
2. Sodium
3. Potassium
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HOME BASED DIET
1.Breast milk
2.Gruels (diluted mixtures of
cooked cereals and water)
3.Carrot Soup
4.Rice water - kanji

15. ORS PREPARATION AT HOME
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16. PREVENTION
Drinking clean water Avoid bottle feeding
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Washing hands before and
after feeding

17. PREVENTION
Cover food articles Freshly prepared foods
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18. NUTRITION
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19. HOW TO BREAK THIS CYCLE
• frequent, small feeds.
• nutrient-dense foods that are soft, varied, and the
child’s favorite foods.
• Give mashed or soft foods if the child has trouble
swallowing (do not dilute foods or milk)
• Feed the child slowly and patiently encourage the
child to eat but do not force
• Continue to feed frequently:
• give an extra meal every day or snacks
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• DURING
ILLNESS
• DURING
RECOVERY

20. HOW MUCH &WHAT TO GIVE
Do not withhold foods or liquids.
encourage to eat more at every meal,
and given an extra “meal” each day (or
extra snacks in between meals) for at
least two weeks.
A key practice during illness is many
small feeds
• Energy and nutrient -rich foods
. meat, poultry, fish, eggs,
and milk.
adding dry milk powder to
porridges or other foods or
adding groundnuts, extra fat,
and/or sugar or honey
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21. ANAEMIA
DEFINITION & CAUSES
Hb <11g/dl (As per WHO)
5-11 yr- <11.5 g/dl
12-13 yr- <12 g/dl
CAUSES
1) IRON DEFICIENCY
2) FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCY
3) CHRONIC INFECTIONS
4) HEMOGLOBINOPATHIES
SOLUTION
• one tablet of 20 mg
elemental iron and
10mg of folate (IFA) for
100 days in a year.
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22. RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS
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23. IMMUNISATION
• Immunization is a way of
protecting the human body
against infectious diseases
through vaccination.
• Immunisation prepares our
bodies to fight against diseases
in case we come into contact
with them in the future.
• Side effects are mild
• Pain at the injection site
• Low grade fever
• Consult doctor if there is
high grade fever,
convulsios, rashes,
if child is drowsy
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24. When to consult doctor before immunsation
1.The child has a high fever
2.S/He has had a bad reaction
to another immunization
3.S/He has had a severe
reaction after eating eggs
4.S/Has had a fits in the past.
5. S/He has had, or is having,
treatment for cancer
6 S/He has any illness which
affects the immune
system, ex:, HIV or
AIDS
7. S/He is taking any medicine
which affects the immune
system,,
immunosuppressant .
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25. IMMUNISATION
• If a child could not receive DPT 1, 2, 3 and OPV 1, 2, 3
according to the schedule, till what age can the vaccine be
given?
• The DPT vaccine - until 2 years of age
• OPV -till 5 years of age.
• If a child has received previous doses but not completed the
schedule,
• do not restart the schedule
• administer the remaining doses needed to complete the series.
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26. IMMUNISATION
If a child comes between the ages of 2 to 5 years
without having received any vaccine, what vaccines
should be given?
• two doses of DT with OPV with a minimum gap of one
month. A single dose of measles vaccine also needs to be
given with first dose of DT.
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27. 27

28. BENEFITS OF GETTING UP EARLY
• Ideal time to wake up
• Early morning 4 am .
• Children should be encouraged to wake up by
5 or 5.30 am, at least 2-3 hours earlier than
their school bus timings.
•
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29. BENEFITS OF GETTING UP EARLY
 Exercise
Adequate time to finish morning duties leisurely
can plan for the day’s work.
 can help themselves by arranging their things to
get ready for school.
can have a good and wholesome breakfast
It makes them stress free
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30. PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES
• Infants (less than 1 year):
• least 30 minutes in prone position (tummy time) spread throughout
the day while awake.
• Not be restrained for more than 1 hour at a time (e.g. prams/strollers,
high chairs, or strapped on a caregiver’s back).
• Screen time is not recommended. When sedentary, engaging in
reading and storytelling with a caregiver is encouraged.
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31. PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES
• Children 1-2 years of age :
• For those aged 2 years, sedentary screen time should be no more
than 1 hour; .
• Have 11-14 hours of good quality sleep, including naps, with
regular sleep and wake-up times
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32. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
• Children 2-5 years of age :
• Not be restrained for more than 1 hour at a time or sit for
extended periods of time. For 1-year-olds, sedentary screen
time is not recommended.
• Have 10-13 hours of good quality sleep, including naps, with
regular sleep and wake-up times
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33. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
for children aged 5 - 17 years
• at least 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical
activity daily.
• Amounts of physical activity greater than 60 minutes provide
additional health benefits.
• Most of the daily physical activity should be aerobic. Vigorous-
intensity activities should be incorporated, including those that
strengthen muscle and bone, at least 3 times per week.
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34. ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERRACTIVITY
DISORDER
• One of the most common
childhood disorders which can
continue through adolescence and
adulthood
• The probable cause: interactions
between genetic and environmental
factors.
•
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35. ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERRACTIVITY
DISORDER
• no specific treatment
• children with ADHD need attention,
consistency and a clear
communication.
• A healthy parent-child relationship
with lots of love and
encouragement goes a long way in
improving this condition.
•
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36. HABIT DISORDER
• They include a range of phenomena which may also be
described as tension reducing.
• They include thumb sucking, nail biting, ties, head banging
etc.,
• Whether they need to be considered as disorders depends
on their frequency, persistence and the effect they have on
their physical, emotional and social functioning. 36

37. HABIT DISORDER
• Reassuring the child and providing extra care during these stressful times,
• But if the child does not feel better and their behaviour does not show
improvement, then it is essential to seek help
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38. AUTISM
• Autism is a complex developmental
disability.
• presents itself during the first three
year of life.
• It is as a result of
neurodevelopmental disorder which
has an effect on the normal brain
function, affecting development of
the individual’s communication and
social interaction skills.
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39. AUTISM
• HOW TO HELP THEM
• Speak clearly in short
sentences using plain
language
• Give time to process the
information that they are
asked.
• Support and prepare them for
change 39

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