Child abuse consists of any act that endangers a child's physical or emotional health. The main types of abuse are physical, sexual, psychological, and neglect. Physical abuse involves harming a child, sexual abuse involves sexual acts with a child, psychological abuse damages a child's mental health, and neglect involves not providing for a child's needs. Abuse can have long-lasting physical and psychological effects on a child. Children have basic rights to protection, healthcare, and education that all societies should uphold to prevent abuse and ensure healthy development.

2. 1.Child
A child is a human between the stages of birth and puberty.
2.Abuse
Abuse is defined as anything that is harmful, injurious, or
offensive. It also includes excessive and wrongful misuse of
anything .

3. 3.Child abuse
Child abuse consists of any act of commission or omission
that endangers a child’s physical or emotional health and
development.
4.Types
Child abuse can take several forms. The four main types are
Physical
Sexual
Psychological
Neglect

4. 4.1Physical
Any non-accidental injury to a child by an adult .
This includes hitting, kicking, slapping, shaking, burning, pinching,
hair pulling, biting, choking , throwing etc
4.2Sexual
Any sexual act between an adult and child.
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a form of child abuse in which an adult or
older adolescent abuses a child for sexual stimulation .

5. 4.3 Psychological
Any attitude or behavior which interferes with a child’s mental
health or social development.
This includes screaming, name-calling, shaming, negative
comparisons to others, telling them they are “bad, no good, worthless”
or “a mistake.”
4.4 Neglect
Failure of a parent or other responsible person to provide for a
child’s physical needs .
This includes lack of supervision, inappropriate housing or shelter,
inadequate provision of food and water, inappropriate clothing for
weather etc

6. 5.Cultural practices in parts of the world
Child labour
Child Trafficking :
Female genital mutilation.
Child marriage.
Violence against children accused of witchcraft.
Child and young adolescent offenders.

7. 6.Effects of abuse
Physical
Vaginal tearing.
Infection
Unwanted pregnancy.
High risk of spread of HIV.
STD like syphilis and herpes.
Tuberculosis .
These illnesses are often fatal.
Psychological
Insomnia
sexual and personality confusion
Inability to trust adults
Anger
loss of confidence
&
Sexual
Sexual dysfunction
Chronic pain
Addiction
Self – injury
Neglect
Impaired neuropsychological
functions.
Physical and psychological
development.

8. 7.Rights
The right to life.
The right to a name.
The right to express his views in matters concerning the child.
The right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion.
The right to health care.
The right to protection from economic and sexual exploitation.
The right to education.

9. •Never discipline your child when your anger is out of control.
•Participate in your child’s activities and get to know your child’s friends.
•Never leave your child unattended, especially in the car.
•Teach your child to use their voice.
•Ask questions; for example, when your child tells you he or she doesn’t want to be
with someone, this could be a red flag.
•Listen to them and believe what they say.
•Be aware of changes in your child’s behavior or attitude and inquire into it.
•Teach your child what to do if you and your child become separated while away from
home.
•Teach your child the correct names of his/her private body parts.
•Be alert for any talk that reveals premature sexual understanding.
•Pay attention when someone shows greater than normal interest in your child.
•Make certain your child’s school or day care center will release him/her only to you or
someone you officially designate
Child line number is - 1098

10. Conclusion:
Child is the father of man . If we do not allow the child to grow
into a complete happy human adult , we may find our destiny in
the darkness of doom .
so let us behave like a human not an animal or devil and allow
the child to grow as the father and mother of a new fruit full
generation .

11. Thank you
Dr. Gloria Henna James