Chiari Malformations By Eric Trumble, MD
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This document discusses Chiari malformations, which occur during fetal development and involve downward displacement of the cerebellar tonsils. It describes the symptoms, diagnosis via imaging, surgical treatment involving decompression, and risks/outcomes. Chiari I malformation involves tonsillar herniation below the foramen magnum, while Chiari II occurs in myelomeningocele patients. Surgery aims to relieve pressure and reduce syrinx size, with over 90% success rates though younger patients pose greater challenges.
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This document provides an overview of Arnold Chiari Malformation with Syringomyelia, including:
1. A brief history of the discovery and classification of Chiari malformation and syringomyelia.
2. An explanation of the anatomy and physiology related to Chiari malformation, including the four types of Chiari malformation.
3. A discussion of common signs and symptoms, including headaches, dizziness, pain, and neurological problems.
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This document reviews the Chiari malformations, which are hindbrain herniations that can be congenital or acquired. It describes the four types of Chiari malformations: Type I involves herniation of the cerebellar tonsils, Type II involves herniation of the cerebellar vermis and brainstem, Type III involves herniation of hindbrain structures through an encephalocele, and Type IV involves cerebellar hypoplasia. It provides details on the anatomical abnormalities seen in Types I and II, including skull, spinal, ventricular, meningeal, spinal cord, and brain abnormalities. Common clinical presentations are also summarized.
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This document describes Chiari malformation, specifically Chiari type I and II. It discusses the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of a 34-year-old female patient presenting with progressive arm weakness, shoulder pain, and headaches exacerbated by coughing. Examination found reduced sensitivity in her arms. MRI confirmed Chiari type I malformation with tonsillar herniation. The patient underwent posterior fossa decompression surgery, with improvement in symptoms at 6-month follow up. Chiari malformations cause hindbrain herniation and obstruction of CSF flow, often requiring surgery to enlarge the posterior fossa.
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Human: Thank you for the summary. Can you provide a 3 sentence summary that focuses
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Chiari malformation is a neurological disorder where the cerebellum descends from the skull, putting pressure on the brain and spine. Common symptoms include headaches, vision problems, balance issues, and muscle weakness. Treatment may include conservative management or posterior fossa decompression surgery to relieve compression. Life with Chiari can be challenging, as symptoms vary daily and simple tasks may cause exhaustion. Support and understanding from others is important.
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lecture for neurosurgery medical students about congenital ,truma ,chiari ,peripheral nerve injury etc
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This document summarizes a case of spastic quadriparesis in an 18-year-old male. Imaging revealed complex craniovertebral junction anomalies including basilar invagination, platybasia, os odontoideum, and atlantoaxial subluxation causing spinal cord compression. The patient was diagnosed with Klippel-Feil syndrome based on clinical features including short stature, low hairline, and restricted neck movement. Treatment options discussed include medical management, traction, and posterior fusion surgery to stabilize and decompress the craniocervical junction.
Cerebellar diseases. igbiti
This document provides an overview of cerebellar diseases. It discusses the epidemiology, anatomy, physiology, classification, clinical features, diagnosis, localization of lesions, and management of cerebellar diseases. The cerebellum regulates movement, balance, and motor learning through connections with other parts of the brain and spinal cord. Cerebellar diseases can be focal or diffuse, acquired or inherited. The diagnosis involves neurological examination and imaging studies, while treatment depends on the underlying cause.
Cervical myelopathy cme
Cervical disc disorders include cervical spondylosis, radiculopathy, and myelopathy. Cervical spondylosis is a general term referring to degenerative changes in the cervical spine. It commonly causes neck pain but can also cause radiculopathy or myelopathy. Cervical radiculopathy involves compression of a cervical nerve root, causing pain and weakness along the nerve distribution. Cervical myelopathy refers to compression of the spinal cord, which can cause gait abnormalities, leg weakness, and hand/arm symptoms. Management involves conservative treatments like physical therapy initially, with surgery considered for worsening or persistent symptoms.
Neurological Disorders
This document discusses spina bifida, a birth defect involving the neural tube where the spinal cord fails to close properly. It describes the three main types - spina bifida occulta, cystica (myelomeningocele), and meningocele. Signs and symptoms vary depending on location and severity of the defect but can include paralysis, loss of sensation, bowel/bladder issues, and cognitive problems. Treatment involves early surgery to repair the opening along with lifelong management of symptoms and secondary complications. Spinal cord injuries are also discussed, covering causes, classifications, regional effects, and long-term management strategies.
A Case Of Short Neck
1. A 45-year-old male presented with difficulty walking for 2 years and recent dizziness. Examination found a short neck, low hairline, restricted neck movement, and signs of Klippel-Feil syndrome.
2. Imaging showed cervical spine fusion and basilar invagination consistent with Klippel-Feil syndrome.
3. Klippel-Feil syndrome is a congenital fusion of cervical vertebrae that can cause neck and spinal issues. Treatment depends on symptoms but may include cervical collar, surgery, or careful traction.
Cns
This document provides an overview of how to approach a patient presenting with central nervous system (CNS) disorders. It discusses the main presenting complaints of CNS disorders and how to approach diagnosis by determining the location and etiology of any lesions. Key aspects of history taking and physical examination focused on the CNS are outlined. Important investigations and how to locate lesions in the brain, spinal cord, and sensory pathways are also summarized.
Compressive Myelopathy
1) The document discusses various causes of compressive myelopathy including spondylosis, herniated discs, spinal stenosis, and tuberculosis. It describes the clinical features and treatments for different levels of involvement in the cervical and lumbar spine.
2) Imaging techniques like MRI, CT myelogram, and X-rays are used to identify compression of the spinal cord or nerve roots from conditions like herniations, osteophytes, and tuberculosis lesions.
3) Surgical intervention may be indicated for moderate to severe myelopathy, progressive neurological deficits, or failure of conservative treatment. The goal is to decompress the spinal cord and relieve compression.
Françoise Heran Horner Syndrome, the essential, Jfim Buenos Aires 2017
Françoise Heran Horner Syndrome, the essential, Jfim Buenos Aires 2017JFIM - Journées Francophones d'Imagerie Médicale
The document discusses Horner syndrome, which is caused by a lesion along the ipsilateral oculosympathetic pathway. It describes the three-neuron pathway and the clinical signs caused by disruption at different points along the pathway, including ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis on the affected side of the face. Common causes of Horner syndrome include trauma, tumors, carotid dissection, lung cancer, and neuroblastoma in children. Imaging workup may include MRI of the brain, neck, and chest to localize the lesion causing the syndrome depending on whether it is a first, second, or third-order lesion.Anaesthesia for posterior fossa surgery
The document discusses the posterior fossa, including its boundaries, contents, blood supply, clinical presentation of lesions, and considerations for anesthesia. The posterior fossa is bounded anteriorly by the clivus and petrous bone, posteriorly by the occipital bone, and laterally by the temporal bone. It contains the cerebellar hemispheres, brainstem, and cranial nerves III-XII. Lesions can cause a variety of signs and symptoms depending on location, including ataxia, nystagmus, limb weakness, and cranial nerve deficits. Anesthesia for posterior fossa surgery requires careful monitoring and positioning to maintain stability while allowing surgical access.
Cortical dysplasia and epilepsy
This document discusses focal cortical dysplasia, a type of neuronal migration disorder caused by abnormal proliferation and migration of neurons during brain development. It begins by providing background on normal cortical development. It then defines focal cortical dysplasia and describes its characteristics and appearance on imaging studies. The document notes that focal cortical dysplasia is a common cause of epilepsy, especially in pediatric patients. Surgical treatment can successfully treat epilepsy in many patients with focal cortical dysplasia if the abnormal cortex is fully resected.
Disorders of neural tube closure and neuronal migration
This document discusses various neural tube closure disorders and disorders of neural migration during embryonic development. It provides an overview of embryology and describes specific disorders including anencephaly, spina bifida, callosal dysgenesis, Dandy-Walker malformation, Joubert syndrome, holoprosencephaly, heterotopic gray matter, lissencephaly, schizencephaly, hemimegalencephaly, and polymicrogyria. For each disorder it discusses features on imaging and clinical presentations.
Pediatric Neurologic Disorders
This document summarizes several pediatric neurologic disorders including hydrocephalus, neural tube defects, cerebral palsy, spinal cord injury, and infections of the central nervous system. It describes the causes, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, nursing diagnoses, and treatment approaches for each condition. Nursing priorities for patients include maximizing respiratory function, preventing further injury, promoting mobility, preventing complications, and supporting psychological adjustment.
Presentation1.pptx, radiological imaging of congenital anomalies of the spine...
This document discusses congenital anomalies of the spine and spinal cord, focusing on their radiological imaging findings, particularly with MRI. It describes the normal embryological development of the spine and how abnormalities can occur. The most common congenital anomalies are spinal dysraphisms and caudal spinal anomalies. MRI is often used to diagnose these prenatally, at birth, or later in life. Specific spinal dysraphisms are then defined and categorized as open or closed, and examples of each are provided with imaging examples. Chiari malformations are also discussed, with Chiari Type I being the most common and involving herniation of the cerebellar tonsils.
Syndromes of Head & Neck
This document discusses various craniofacial syndromes and deformities, their causes and characteristics. It describes Pierre Robin sequence, featuring micrognathia, glossoptosis and cleft palate. It also discusses Treacher Collins syndrome, characterized by mandibulofacial dysostosis due to defects of the first and second branchial arches. Several craniosynostosis syndromes are outlined, including Crouzon syndrome, Apert syndrome, Pfeiffer syndrome, and cloverleaf skull syndrome. Surgical treatments aim to decompress the brain, reshape the skull, and reconstruct midface and jaw deformities.
Syringomyelia
This document summarizes the medical history and examination findings of a 16-year-old male patient presenting with occipital headache, neck pain, loss of pain and temperature sensation in the left upper limb, and laxity of the left shoulder joint. Examination revealed loss of sensation from C3 to T2 on the left side and absent biceps and supinator reflexes on the left. MRI showed Arnold-Chiari malformation type 1 with syringomyelia involving the cervical and thoracic spinal cord. The patient was diagnosed with syringomyelia related to Arnold-Chiari malformation.
Surgery 5th year, 1st lecture/part two (Dr. Khalid Shokor Mahmood)
The document discusses various causes of neck and back pain including degenerative changes to the spine like thinning of the annulus and bulging discs which can press on nerves. It describes cervical radiculopathy causing arm pain and cervical myelopathy with neck stiffness and finger tingling. Diagnosis involves x-rays and MRI to view the spine and rule out other causes. Treatment ranges from conservative measures to surgery to relieve pressure on nerves or decompress the spinal cord.
Birth injuries
This document discusses various types of birth injuries that can occur during labor and delivery. It begins by defining birth injuries and noting their prevalence. It then covers predisposing risk factors and provides a classification system for birth injuries involving soft tissue, the head/neck, facial structures, nerves, fractures, and internal organs. The remainder of the document delves into specific injury types like brachial plexus palsy, skull fractures, retinal hemorrhages, and clavicle fractures, describing their causes, signs/symptoms, diagnosis, and management.
Microcephaly - For medical students
This file is one of my medical PPT series ,mainly intended for medical students. Information and pictures are highly organized to serve this aim. All the credits of info & pics are reserved for their owners.
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Radiological findings of congenital anomalies of the spine and spinal cord
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Medical student lectures hydrocephalus ,chiari ,congenital ,truma ,nerve injury
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Françoise Heran Horner Syndrome, the essential, Jfim Buenos Aires 2017
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Surgery 5th year, 1st lecture/part two (Dr. Khalid Shokor Mahmood)
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2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Chiari Malformations By Eric Trumble, MD
- 1. Eric R Trumble, MD Neurosurgeons f o r K i d s
- 3. CHIARI I MALFORMATION NEUROSURGEONS f o r K i d s
- 5. DIAGNOSIS IS RADIOGRAPHIC NEUROSURGEONS f o r K i d s
- 15. THANK YOU NEUROSURGEONS f o r K i d s