1) Prohibition was enacted in 1919 by the 18th Amendment to ban the production and sale of alcohol nationwide. However, it was impossible to enforce as bootleggers produced and imported illegal alcohol. 2) Organized crime rose as gangsters like Al Capone made huge profits smuggling liquor into the U.S. Illegal taverns also sold liquor in every town. 3) Prohibition was repealed in 1933 by the 21st Amendment as it failed to achieve its goals and even increased crime and corruption. Enforcement proved impossible and it was widely flouted.

2. = A total ban
on alcoholic
drinks
Why were some people in favor of Prohibition?
•To help reduce unemployment, domestic violence,
and poverty
18th Amendment (1919) Prohibited making,
selling, or transporting of alcohol.
•Impossible to enforce because Bootleggers
made and imported illegal alcohol

3. Is that a promise?

4. • Every town had
 illegal taverns that sold
liquor.

6. • Organized crime rose
as huge profits could
be made bringing
liquor into the U.S.
-Example: Al Capone
living in the city of
Chicago.
• The 21st Amendment
was passed in 1933.
It repealed the 18th
Amendment.
Prohibition was now
over.
True
Gangsta


7. •19th Amendment passed in 1920, women could now vote.
•Women were restricted:
-Universities and medical schools still barred women.
Some states didn’t allow women to serve on juries or
keep their own earnings if married.
Flappers – young women who shocked older generations by
breaking social norms with dress, dancing, smoking cigarettes,
and drinking illegal liquor.

8. • Henry Ford introduced assembly line.
• As a result, prices dropped and middle
class families could afford to buy a car.

9. The
Assembly
Line at
Work!!!

10. • Some new businesses created by
automobile:
– Gas stations,
– roadside restaurants,
– cabins sprang up along
highways (MOTELS)
• Cars
and roads made it easier for families
to move to the suburbs. It also
encouraged tourism.

11. •Almost any family could afford to buy a radio.
•The first commercial radio broadcast is in1920
on KDKA in Pittsburgh, PA!
•Told of Warren G. Harding’s election results
•By 1926, there were more
than 700 radio stations and
a national radio network
called NBC

12. • Most Popular programs on the radio:
• political addresses,
• baseball games
• band performances,
• and comedy shows
• Listen closely to the clips!
Would you know what was
going on in the 1920s?

13. • Some dance fads of
the 1920s:
–
–
–
–
Charleston
Lindy Hop,
Black Bottom,
the Breakaway

14. • Flagpole Sitting???
– Young people
compete to see who
could sit atop a
flagpole the longest.
Lasted for hours or
even days., as people
competed to win
prizes offered.

15. About As Stupid As that Donkey
Show…SHHH!

16. Dance Marathons
couples tried to stay on their feet
as long as possible, usually to
win some kind of prize.

17. The Dance Marathon’s cousin
Raving…I guess I don’t get it…

18. • Mah-jongg – Chinese
tile game played at
parties and in clubs,
usually in Chinese
style dress!
Mah-Jongg
Notice the “Chinese”
Silk Robes!

19. - Larger than life Baseball
hero, famous for hitting home
runs.
- Hit 60 Home Runs for the
1927 New York Yankee’s
“Murderer’s Row” team
-They also beat the Pirates in
the World Series…
 Click
Here for
Video!!!
(~4 min)

20. Johnny Weissmuller
•Swimmer
•Won 5 Olympic Gold
Medals, and 1 Bronze!
•Set 67 World Records!
•Played Tarzan in the
movies!

21. -NFL and Collegiate Football
-Ranked the #1 College Football Player of AllTime by ESPN in 2008
-College Stats (20 Games)
-Ran for 3,362 Yards
-Received for 253 Yards
-Passed for 575 Yards
-Scored 31 Touchdowns
-9 of those were scored from 50
yards away or more!

22. •Most Successful Amateur
Golfer of all time!
•“Retired” at age 30 before
going pro!
•Designed Augusta National
Golf Course, and co-founded
the Masters Tournament

23. •Tennis Superstars
•Tilden won 15 Majors, including 10
Grand Slams
•Wills won 31 Major
•Considered to be he first
American born woman to achiev
international celebrity as an
athlete!

24. The Manassa Mauler
•Professional Record:
• 65 Wins (56 by Knockout)
•6 Losses
•11 Draws
•World Heavyweight Champion from
1919 to 1926
•Didn’t fight from 1923 to 1926 though
•#1 contender was a black fighter
named Harry Wills
•Dempsey would not fight black
boxers…

25. •First pilot to fly
nonstop across the
Atlantic, in 1927
Click Here
for Video!
~4 min


26. • Many writers of the 1920s
complained that America
had turned from
international idealism to
greedy selfishness.
• F. Scott Fitzgerald
– The Great Gatsby
• A commentary on how
wealth and having a lot
of stuff doesn’t really
make rich people happy!

27. Ernest Hemingway
• For Whom the Bell Tolls
• A Farewell to Arms
– Growing antiwar
sentiments.
– Used direct sentences and
everyday language

28. Sinclair Lewis
• Main Street and Babbit
– Reacted to hypocrisies of
middle-class culture

29. • The movement of large numbers of African Americans north
during WWI and the 1920s was called:
– The Great Migration where 6 Million African-Americans left the
South for better job opportunities in the North!
• Where did they move???
• They headed to cities such as:
-Chicago, Detroit, Pittsburgh,
and New York

30. Push Factors of the Great
Migration
• Sharecropping – a system of agriculture in
which the land owner lets someone else
do the farming.
– At harvest, the tenant gave the landlord a
large chunk (up to 50%!) of the crop to sell as
payment for use of the land
– Tenants also had to pay the landlord for the
tools, fertilizer, seeds, and their own food!
• Set up post-slavery, but instead made the
sharecroppers essentially wage-slaves!

31. •
Push Factors of the Great
Economic
Migration
Setbacks
• The Boll
Segregation/
Weavil
Discrimination
• Mechanized
Cotton
Pickers

32. Push Factors of the Great
Migration!
Not to Mention the
Mississippi River
Flood of 1927!!!!

33. Pull Factors of the Great
Migration
• Perception of Equal Opportunity in the
North
• Labor Demand from Industrialization
• Geographic Mobility (worked as
Psychological Freedom!!!)
• Money and Dignity

34. • As African Americans moved north, racial tensions
mounted and Race Riots broke out in several cities.
• Why?
–

35. • MARCUS GARVEY – promoted:
– black Pride
– and black Unity
– created the Universal
Negro
Improvement Association
– and encouraged blacks to move
to Africa
Marcus Garvey

36. • Social tensions of the 1920s were expressed in
the _Ku Klux Klan_, which hated blacks,
immigrants, Catholics, and Jews, and saw a
sharp rise in membership.

37. The KKK still exists today

38. THE BLUES!!!
• Blues music combined church spirituals,
cotton field chants, and simple stories of
bad things that happen to these people.
– "The Blues are the true facts of life expressed
in words and song, insiration, feeling, and
understanding.“ - Willie Dixon

39. I’ve Got THE BLUES!!!
• How does Kansas Joe McCoy and
Memphis Minnie’s –
“When The Levee Breaks”
reflect the problems of Black people trying
to leave the South?
– Led Zeppelin’s “When the Levee Breaks”

40. •
•
Musical style created by
black musicians in New
Orleans.
Combined African and
Caribbean rhythms,
slavery chants and
spirituals, and
harmonies of Europe
into one musical style!
– The Great Migration is the
main reason Jazz music
spreads across America!
Great Migration
Jazz

41. •Louis Armstrong and Bessie Smith – Sobbin
Hearted Blues
Louis Armstrong arrived in
•Louis Armstrong – When You’re Smilin’
Chicago from New Orleans.
•Duke Ellington – Jubilee Stomp
•Louis Armstrong – What a Wonderful World
•Probably the only one you’ll know!!! (1967!)
Duke Ellington
Bessie Smith

42. The Problem with Jazz
• As usual, the people who embraced the jazz
culture were young, and urban. Those older
Americans set in their ways, and away from the
culture refused to embrace it.
• The Problem: Many saw it as a corruption of
American youth, as the “black man” trying to
change white American culture.
• Does this sound familiar? Does it still happen?

43. If It’s Too Loud,You’re Too Old!

44. • An energetic African-American culture grew in
Harlem, NY.
• Writers, musicians, and poets wrote pieces that expressed racial
pride, criticized prejudice, and commented on politics.

45. • Langston Hughes
– One of the most
prolific and versatile
writers of Harlem
Renaissance.
– He became a voice of
the African American
experience in U.S.

46. •
Langston Hughes’
I, too, sing America.
•
I am the darker brother.
They send me to eat in the kitchen
When company comes,
But I laugh,
And eat well,
And grow strong.
•
Tomorrow,
I'll be at the table
When company comes.
Nobody'll dare
Say to me,
"Eat in the kitchen," Then.
•
Besides,
They'll see how beautiful I am
And be ashamed–
•
I, too, am America.
“I, Too, Sing America”
What is Hughes’
foreshadowing in this
poem?

47. • Movies provided an escape from everyday life.
Millions of Americans went at least once a week.
• Movie industry grew up in
– Hollywood, CA.

48. •Technology hadn’t made sound in film possible, so
the first films were silent.
•Theaters hired piano players
to provide music.
•Charlie Chaplin is THE
Silent Film Star!!!
•1927, first TALKIE, or
Talking Motion Picture, was
“The Jazz Singer”
•Al Jolson sings
“Blue Skies”
•In blackface, he sings
“My Mammy”
Charlie Chaplin

49. • John Scopes, a high school
biology teacher, was accused
of violating Tennessee law by
teaching Darwin’s Theory of
Evolution.
– Darwin claimed that all life
evolved from simpler forms over
a long period of time.
– Let’s Read the Textbook!!!

50. • Some religious leaders reject evolution,
saying it denies the word of the Bible. A
number of states passed laws banning the
teaching of Darwin’s theory. Scopes
wanted to challenge the law.

51. William Jennings Bryan = Prosecutor
-A leading Fundamentalist in the U.S.
-Had run for President 3 times
By God,
Evolution is
blasphemy!!!
VS.
I will blind you
with
SCIENCE!!!
Clarence Darrow = Defense attorney
-Most famous criminal defense lawyer
in the country

52. • Result
– Scopes was found GUILTY and LOST
the trial AND his job. What happened?
– He was fined $100 and lost his job,
although conviction was later
overturned on technicality.
• Significance
– New culture and morals were clashing
with Old American values.
• The City vs. The Country
• Even though they won, Fundamentalists saw
a decline in number of supporters.