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This document provides information on several important scientists and their contributions to the development of the atomic theory and periodic table. It discusses the early works of Aristotle, Democritus, and alchemists. It then focuses on the discoveries of Lavoisier, Dalton, Thomson, Goldstein, Roentgen, Becquerel, Curie, Millikan, Rutherford, Moseley, and Chadwick which helped establish modern atomic theory. It also outlines the early periodic table arrangements of Dobereiner, Newlands, Meyer, and Mendeleev which led to the successful establishment of the periodic table.
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Leucippus was an early Greek philosopher who developed the theory of atomism. He believed that everything is composed of indivisible atoms that have always and will always be in motion. He had a student named Democritus who expanded on his atomic theory. Robert Boyle later advanced the idea that basic elements are particles or corpuscles of different sizes and shapes that can combine to form chemical substances.
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life and works of 5 great personalities from different fields
Ernest Rutherford was a New Zealand physicist known as the father of nuclear physics. He discovered the concept of radioactive half-life and differentiated alpha and beta radiation while working at McGill University. Later experiments at the University of Manchester proved that alpha radiation is helium nuclei. Rutherford is most famous for his 1911 gold foil experiment which led to his proposal of the Rutherford model of the atom with a small, dense nucleus. He conducted the first nuclear reaction splitting an atom in 1917.
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The document lists Nobel Prize winners from 1930 to 1939 across Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, and Literature. Some of the prizes were awarded for the discovery of quantum mechanics, the neutron, heavy hydrogen, blood groups, the organizer effect in embryonic development, and the antibacterial effects of prontosil. The document cites two websites as bibliographic sources for the information provided.
Assignment sa cheeeeem
Leucippus was an early Greek philosopher who developed the theory of atomism. He believed that everything is composed of indivisible atoms that have always and will always be in motion. He had a student named Democritus who expanded on his atomic theory. Robert Boyle later advanced the idea that basic elements are particles or corpuscles of different sizes and shapes that can combine to form chemical substances.
Periodic table timeline
- In 330 BC, Aristotle proposed the four element theory of earth, air, fire, and water. In 360 BC, Plato coined the term "stoicheia" meaning elementary principles of the world. In 440 BC, Democritus and Leucippus proposed the idea of atoms as indivisible particles that all matter is made of.
- Major developments in chemistry included Boyle's publication of "The Sceptical Chymist" in 1661, which described atoms, molecules, and chemical reactions and is considered the beginning of modern chemistry. Joseph Black isolated carbon dioxide in 1754 and Henry Cavendish discovered hydrogen in 1766.
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1. The document discusses the contributions of several important scientists to the development of chemistry and the periodic table of elements.
2. Key scientists mentioned include Antoine Lavoisier who established modern chemistry through discoveries like the law of conservation of mass and the role of oxygen, John Dalton who developed atomic theory and proposed that elements are made of atoms, Henry Moseley who helped organize the periodic table based on atomic numbers, Ernest Rutherford who discovered the nuclear model of the atom.
3. Other scientists summarized are Dmitri Mendeleev who created one of the first versions of the periodic table and predicted properties of undiscovered elements, Lothar Meyer who developed one of the first periodic tables organizing elements by atomic weight
Ernest rutherford
Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937) was a pioneering physicist known as the "father of nuclear physics". Some of his most significant contributions include:
1) Discovering and naming alpha and beta radiation emitted by uranium, and deducing that alpha particles are helium ions.
2) Proposing the first nuclear model of the atom with a small, dense nucleus based on results from the gold foil experiment.
3) Achieving the first artificial nuclear reaction by bombarding nitrogen with alpha particles.
4) Predicting the existence of protons and neutrons as components of atomic nuclei.
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The document provides examples of descriptions of inventions and discoveries. It describes Whitcomb Judson's invention of the zipper in 1893. It also summarizes the discovery of radioactivity by Antoine Henri Becquerel in 1896, when he discovered that uranium salts emitted invisible and penetrating rays capable of exposing photographic plates even in the dark. Additionally, it discusses the discovery of DNA in the early 1950s by Francis Crick and James Watson at Cambridge University and Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin at King's College in London.
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1) Julian Banzon, a Filipino chemist, researched alternative fuels from sugarcane and coconut and invented a chemical process to extract residual coconut oil.
2) Francisco Santos, a Filipino agricultural chemist, studied the nutritive values and chemical composition of local Filipino foods.
3) Lourdes Cruz, a Filipino biochemist, documented the characterization of toxic peptides found in the venom of cone snails and helped develop them as probes for studying the human brain.
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Democritus first proposed that all matter is made up of tiny indivisible particles called atoms in 400 BC, though Aristotle argued matter was infinitely divisible. In the early 19th century, scientists including Proust, Dalton and Döbereiner made discoveries laying the foundations of atomic theory and periodic law. J.J. Thomson discovered the electron in 1897 and proved hydrogen has one electron, while Rutherford proposed the nuclear model of the atom in 1911. Bothe and Chadwick discovered the neutron in 1931, completing modern atomic theory.
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Sir C. V. Raman was an Indian physicist known for his work on the scattering of light and discovery of the Raman effect, which earned him the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics. He was born in 1888 in India and studied at Presidency College in Madras, where he excelled academically. Raman spent his career conducting research in optics and acoustics as a professor at universities in Calcutta and Bangalore. In 1930, he discovered that light scattering can change the wavelength of photons, an effect that bears his name. Raman made many other contributions and was honored with prestigious awards. He passed away in 1970.
Facebook sample page ernest rutherford gottabling
Ernest Rutherford was a pioneering physicist and chemist from New Zealand. Some of his most important discoveries included:
1) Defining the concept of radioactive decay and isotopes through experiments with radioactive elements.
2) Conducting the gold foil experiment in 1909 which demonstrated that the atom has a small, dense nucleus.
3) Performing the first nuclear reactions by splitting nitrogen atoms using alpha particles, showing that the atom could be broken up.
4) Winning the 1908 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his investigations into the disintegration of elements and the chemistry of radioactive substances.
Periodic table work
The document summarizes key aspects of the periodic table, including its history, development, structure, and organization. It discusses the discovery of elements and early classification attempts by scientists like Döbereiner and Newlands. It then describes Mendeleev's development of the periodic table and its completion with noble gases. The summary defines the modern periodic table's groups and periods based on electron configuration. It also briefly discusses the blocks and provides definitions of acids and bases.
Presentation1 Chemistry
The document provides information about the periodic table and its history. It describes how Hennig Brand discovered phosphorus in 1649. Julius Lothar Meyer developed one of the first periodic tables in 1862 organizing elements into families based on valence. Dmitri Mendeleev created the first recognizable modern periodic table in 1869, arranging elements by atomic mass and predicting new elements. Henry Moseley observed that atomic number varied periodically, establishing it as the basis of classification in 1914. The rest of the document defines periodic table terms and provides facts about common elements.
Chemistry in the past
Alchemists who worked with chemicals before the 1700s were interested in mixing substances to make gold, though they were never successful. Robert Boyle is considered the father of chemistry as he moved away from alchemy and proposed that all matter is made up of elements that cannot be broken down further. Antoine Lavoisier helped establish the science of chemistry by using experiments and quantitative measurements, discovering the principle of mass conservation that matter changes form but is not lost.
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The document summarizes the life and work of physicist Ernest Rutherford. It describes his key experiments such as the gold foil experiment, which led him to discover the nucleus and propose the nuclear model of the atom. It also outlines his major achievements, including differentiating alpha and beta radiation, postulating the existence of the neutron, and being the first to achieve a controlled nuclear reaction. The document establishes Rutherford as the father of nuclear physics for his groundbreaking discoveries about the structure of the atom.
Satyendra nath bose
Satyendra Nath Bose was an Indian physicist born in 1894 who made seminal contributions to quantum mechanics and statistics in the 1920s. He developed Bose-Einstein statistics, which showed that indistinguishable particles like photons should be described by a completely symmetric distribution, rather than the classical Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. This laid the foundation for Bose-Einstein condensation. Bose sent his theory to Einstein, who recognized its significance, had it published, and extended Bose's ideas to predict the existence of Bose-Einstein condensates, which were later observed experimentally. Though his work was hugely influential, Bose himself did not receive a Nobel Prize.
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life and works of 5 great personalities from different fields
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A centenary of the discovery of the nucleus: Ernest Rutherford
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This document summarizes the contributions of several important chemists throughout history. Some of the chemists discussed include Michael Faraday who discovered benzene and invented the Bunsen burner, Antoine Lavoisier who established the metric system and helped reform chemical nomenclature, Amedeo Avogadro who formulated Avogadro's law relating amounts of gases to moles, and Marie Curie who was the first person to win Nobel Prizes in two fields and discovered radium and polonium. The document provides brief biographies of these scientists and their significant scientific discoveries and advances in chemistry.
PANDU DIGITAL DEMO.pptx
The document profiles several famous physicists and their major contributions to physics:
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Robert Boyle, John Dalton, Ernest Rutherford, and Antoine Becquerel all made important contributions to atomic theory through their experiments and discoveries:
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2) Dalton developed atomic theory by proposing atoms of different elements have unique weights and combine in fixed ratios, laying the foundation for modern chemistry.
3) Rutherford's gold foil experiment showed that atoms have a small, dense nucleus, establishing the nuclear model of the atom.
4) Becquerel accidentally discovered radioactivity by leaving uranium salts exposed in his drawer, finding they emitted radiation without exposure to light, a phenomenon further
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This document profiles several famous scientists throughout history including their major accomplishments and contributions to science. Some of the scientists mentioned are Albert Einstein who developed the theory of general relativity, Isaac Newton who formulated laws of motion and gravity, Marie Curie who pioneered research in radioactivity, and Stephen Hawking who made theoretical predictions about black holes. Other scientists discussed include Archimedes, Nikola Tesla, Thomas Edison, Alfred Nobel, Alessandro Volta, Benjamin Franklin, Blaise Pascal, James Watson, and Michael Faraday.
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This document provides brief biographies of famous scientists including Albert Einstein, Isaac Newton, Marie Curie, Stephen Hawking, Archimedes, Nikola Tesla, Thomas Edison, Alfred Nobel, Alessandro Volta, Benjamin Franklin, Blaise Pascal, James Watson, and Michael Faraday. It summarizes their major scientific discoveries and contributions in fields such as physics, mathematics, chemistry, and electromagnetism.
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History of the atom
The document provides a history of discoveries related to the atom from ancient Greek philosophers to modern quantum mechanics. It describes key contributors such as Democritus proposing atoms, Dalton establishing atomic theory, Rutherford discovering the nucleus, Bohr introducing quantum mechanics, and Heisenberg establishing the uncertainty principle. The development of atomic models progressed from simple spheres to planetary structures to quantum mechanical probability distributions.
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This document provides brief biographies of important figures in earth sciences, physics, chemistry, biology and other fields, describing their major discoveries and contributions. Some of the scientists mentioned are Benjamin Franklin, George Hadley, James Hutton, Christian Sprengel, Thomas Malthus, Alessandro Volta, Hans Christian Orsted, Michael Faraday, James Clerk Maxwell, William Herschel, William Roentgen, Thomas Young, Christian Doppler, John Dalton, Jons Jacob Berzelius, Louis Pasteur, August Kekule, Dmitri Mendeleev, Mary Anning, Richard Owen, Louis Agassiz, Alexander von Humboldt, Alfred Russel Wallace, Thomas Huxley, Greg
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ELECTRO SCIENCE SCIENTISTS ,FAMOUS PHYSICS SCIENTISTS
Albert Einstein,Isaac Newton, Thomas Edison, Marie curie, archmedes, volta, famous physics scientists, world famous scientists, Nobel prize winner , physics best famous scientists, father of physics, Nikole tesla, Alfred nobel , Michael faraday, Benjamin franklin
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Persons who contributed in the field of electricity
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This document provides biographical information about several important figures in the history of radiology and physics. It discusses Wilhelm Röntgen, the German physicist who discovered X-rays in 1895. It also mentions Ivan Puluj, a Ukrainian/Czech inventor who independently researched X-rays around the same time. Further, it summarizes the contributions of physicists Antoine Henri Becquerel, who discovered radioactivity; Ernest Rutherford, known as the "father of nuclear physics"; James Chadwick, who discovered the neutron; and Marie Curie, the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, who researched radioactivity alongside her husband Pierre Curie.
LECTURE 14 ATOMIC STRUCTURE ELECTRONS, PROTONS and NEUTRONS.docx
LECTURE 14 ATOMIC STRUCTURE: ELECTRONS, PROTONS and NEUTRONS
The above figure displays a cathode-ray tube (CRT). Today, a CRT is described as a vacuum tube that contains one or more electron guns and a phosphorescent screen, and is used to display images. It modulates, accelerates, and deflects electron beams onto a screen tocreate the images. The images may represent electrical waveforms (in an oscilloscope), pictures (a television screen, computer monitor), radar targets, or other phenomena.
We now know that cathode rays are streams of electrons observed in discharge tubes. If an evacuated glass tube (upper image) is equipped with two electrodes and a voltage is applied, glass behind the positive electrode is observed to glow (lower image), due to electrons emitted from the negative cathode.
The above “official” account presupposes that one knows what an electron is and what are its physical properties (mass and charge). The discovery of the electron opened up a whole new chapter in the understanding of matter. This led to the realization that light and matter could not be fully understood using the classicallaws of physics, and that a totally different way of understanding nature was needed. Thus emerged, beginning in the last years of the 19th century, a completely new description of light and matter. This new description became known as quantum mechanics, and resulted in the quantum theory of atoms, molecules and the chemical bond. This is the historical journey on which we shall embark in this Lecture.
Cathode rays were discovered by Julius Plücker (1801-1868) and Johann Wilhelm Hittorf(1824-1914). Their experimental apparatus depended on two earlier inventions: 1) Volta’s battery; and, 2) a sealed glass tube in which a partial vacuum was maintained. The latter was invented by a German physicist and glassblower, Heinrich Geissler, in 1857.
Hittorf observed that some unknown rays were emitted from the cathode (negative electrode) which could cast shadows on the glowing wall of the tube, indicating the rays were traveling in straight lines. In 1890, Arthur Schuster demonstrated cathode rays could be deflected by electric fields, and William Crookes showed they could be deflected by magnetic fields.
It was these experiments on cathode rays inside the cathode ray tube that drew the attention of Röntgen. After repeating the above experiments, he began to study the radiation emitted outside the cathode ray tube, using fluorescent chemical sensors, e.g., barium platinocyanide, to detect radiation. His discovery of x-rays on November 8, 1895 was communicated to the Physico-Medical Society of Würzburg later in November, 1895. A translation of his paper appeared two months later on January 23, 1896 in the English journal, Nature. (You can dial up this article on Gallica and read it for yourself).
Paraphrasing Louis XV(1710 – 1774) of France, were he not such a humble, unassuming man,Röntgenmight have said "A.
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The document outlines the major contributors to the development of the atomic model from ancient Greek philosophers to modern physicists. It discusses Democritus' early atomic theory, followed by Lavoisier and Dalton's atomic theories in the 18th-19th centuries. It then focuses on 20th century scientists like J.J. Thomson, Ernest Rutherford, Niels Bohr, Erwin Schrodinger, and James Chadwick who made key discoveries that led to modern atomic structure, such as electrons, the nucleus, electron shells, and neutrons.
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Ernest Rutherford was a pioneering nuclear physicist born in New Zealand in 1871. [1] He conducted seminal research that established the nuclear structure of atoms and the nature of radioactive decay, demonstrating that atoms can be artificially transmuted. [2] Rutherford's most famous achievement was splitting the atom in 1917 by bombarding nitrogen with alpha particles, discovering the proton in the process. [3] He is considered the father of nuclear physics.
Discovery of the atom
Ancient Greek philosophers proposed early models of atoms as fundamental elements like earth, air, fire and water. In the 17th century, Robert Boyle questioned these models and advocated experimentation over philosophy. John Dalton proposed atoms as indivisible, identical spheres that combine to form compounds. J.J. Thompson's "plum pudding" model depicted atoms as positive and negative charges. However, experiments by Ernest Rutherford, Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden found most alpha particles passed through a gold foil with few deflected, leading Rutherford to propose the planetary model of a small, dense nucleus surrounded by electrons. Later, Henry Moseley arranged elements by atomic number, James Chadwick discovered the neutral neutron in the
History of the atoms
The document discusses the history of the atomic theory from ancient philosophers to modern scientists. It describes early thinkers like Thales who discovered static electricity but did not connect it to atoms. Democritus in 400 BC proposed that all matter is made of indivisible atoms that differ in shape and size. In the 1800s, Dalton, Dobereiner, and Berzelius conducted experiments that provided evidence for the atomic theory. Mendeleev organized the known elements into the first periodic table in 1869. In the early 1900s, Thomson discovered the electron, Rutherford proposed the nuclear model of the atom, and Moseley ordered the elements by atomic number, correcting Mendeleev's table.
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The document provides a history of discoveries related to radiation from 1789 to the mid-1900s. Some of the key events include the discovery of X-rays in 1895 by Wilhelm Röntgen, the discovery of radioactivity in uranium in 1896 by Henri Becquerel, and the development of the first atomic model by Niels Bohr in 1913. The document also discusses early uses of radiation in medicine as well as some of the first reported injuries from exposure to X-rays and radiation.
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This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
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Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
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The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
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Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless ReproducibilityUniversity of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
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Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
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s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
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massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
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Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
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Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
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Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
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Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
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The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
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mô tả các thí nghiệm về đánh giá tác động dòng khí hóa sau đốt
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aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
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Scienceproj
- 2. Submitted to: Miss Shiela Hernandez Submitted By: Abad, Malvin Benoza, Dominique Anne Isoli, Khelly Nicole Masilungan, Edgardo Oliver, Maurice Pisuena, John Louise Ramos, Regine Tan, Nicole Andrea
- 3. Aristotle -Aristotle did not believe in the atomic theory He thought that all materials on Earth were not made of atoms, but of the four elements, Earth, Fire, Water, and Air. He believed all substances were made of small amounts of these four elements of matter.
- 4. Democritus - Democritus greatest contrib ution to modern science was arguably the atomic theory he elucidated. According to Democritus' atomic theory, the universe and all matter obey the following principles: Everything is composed of “atoms”, which
- 5. Alchemists -Alchemists in general were responsible for using and passing on all the general techniques of chemistry, from solution, calcination ,distillation, cohobating, coagulation et, without which the chemists and early chemists would have had a much harder time in the 17th
- 6. Antoine Lavoisier -Lavoisier is most noted for his discovery of the role oxygen plays in combustion. He recognized and named oxygen (1778) and hydrogen (1783) and opposed the phlogiston theory. Lavoisier helped construct the metric system, wrote the first extensive list of
- 7. John Dalton -Dalton's atomic theory remains valid in modern chemical thought. 1) All matter is made of atoms. Atoms are indivisible and indestructible. 3) Compounds are formed by a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms. John Dalton FRS (6 September 1766 – 27 July 1844) was an English chemist, physicist, and meteorologist. He is best known for his pioneering work in the development of modern atomic theory; and his research into colour blindness, sometimes referred to as Daltonism, in his honour.
- 8. John Joseph Thomson -J.J. Thomson discovered the electron by experimenting with a Crookes, or cathode ray, tube. He demonstrated that cathode rays were negatively charged. In addition, he also studied
- 9. Eugene Goldstein -Goldstein contributed greatly to the study of cathode rays. He discovered protons with the experiments he did with cathode rays which would knock electrons of atoms and attract them to a positively charged electrode Eugen Goldstein, (born Sept. 5, 1850, Gleiwitz, Prussia—died Dec. 25, 1930, Berlin), German physicist known for his work on electrical phenomena in gases and on cathode rays; he is also credited with discovering canal rays.
- 10. Wilhelm Roentgen - Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen (1845-1923) Contribution: Received the first Noble Prize in physics for his discovery of x-rays in 1901. On November 8, 1895, at the University of Wurzburg, Roentgen was working in the lab when he noticed a strange fluorescence coming from a nearby table. The German physicist, Wilhelm Conrad Röentgen was the first person to systematically produce and detect electromagnetic radiation in a
- 11. Henri Becquerel -Antoine Henri Becquerel (15 December 1852 – 25 August 1908) was a French physicist, Nobel laureate, and the first person to discover evidence of radioactivity. For work in this field he, along with Marie Skłodowska- Curie and Pierre Curie, received the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics.
- 12. Marie Curie -Marie Curie is one of the most famous scientists that ever lived. Her contributions such as the discovery of Radium and other key elements help us out every day, especially when getting an x-ray. Manya,as she was called, was born Maria Sklodowska in Warsaw, Poland on November 7, 1867 Marie Sklodowska Curie (1867–1934) was the first person ever to receive two Nobel Prizes: the first in 1903 in physics, shared with Pierre Curie (her husband) and Henri Becquerel for the discovery of the phenomenon of radioactivity, and the second in 1911 in chemistry for the
- 13. Robert Millikan -His oil drop experiment helped to quantify the charge of an electron, which contributed greatly to our understanding of the structure of the atom and atomic theory. American physicist Robert Millikan, recipient of the 1923 Nobel Prize in physics, "for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect." Born in Morrison, Illinois, Robert Andrew Millikan was the second son of the Reverend Silas Franklin Millikan and
- 14. Ernest Rutherford -British physicist Ernest Rutherford (middle), recipient of the 1908 Nobel Prize in chemistry, "for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances." his most important contribution to science. A consummate experimentalist, Rutherford (1871–1937) was responsible for a remarkable series of discoveries in the fields of radioactivity and nuclear physics. He discovered alpha and beta rays, set forth the laws of radioactive decay, and identified alpha particles as helium nuclei.
- 15. Henry Moseley -Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley (23 November 1887 – 10 August 1915) was an English physicist, whose contribution to the science of physics was the justification from physical laws of the previous empirical and chemical concept of the atomic number. This stemmed from his development of Moseley's law in X-ray spectra. Moseley created the first atomic battery.
- 16. James Chadwick -English physicist, Sir James Chadwick, recipient of the 1935 Nobel Prize in physics, "for the discovery of the neutron."
- 17. Johann Dobereiner -A German scientist called Johann Dobereiner put forward his law of triads in 1817. Each of Dobereiner's triads was a group of three elements. The appearance and reactions of the elements in a triad were similar to each other.
- 18. John Newlands -Newlands' Periodic Table. An English scientist called John Newlands put forward his law of octaves in 1864. He arranged all the elements known at the time into a table in order of relative atomic mass. When he did this, he found that each element was similar to the element eight places further on.
- 19. Lothar Meyer -Julius Lothar Meyer. Julius Lothar Meyer (19 August 1830 – 11 April 1895) was a German chemist. He was one of the pioneers in developing the first periodic table of chemical elements.
- 20. Mendeleev -In 1869, just five years after John Newlands put forward his Law of Octaves, a Russian chemist called Dmitri Mendeleev published a periodic table. Mendeleev also arranged the elements known at the time in order of relative atomic mass, but he did some other things that made his table much more successful.