This document discusses laboratory waste management guidelines in Malaysia and internationally. It provides information on relevant regulations and standards in Malaysia from organizations like the Department of Environment and Ministry of Health. The types of laboratory wastes are described for both Malaysia and other countries. The document outlines general safety guidelines for handling laboratory wastes, chemical safety procedures, and proper disposal methods. It also lists organizations responsible for waste management in Malaysia and other nations that set best practices standards.
Shell Air Quality Plan Approval application for PA Ethane Cracker PlantMarcellus Drilling News
A detailed air pollution application from Shell to build an ethane cracker plant in Beaver County, PA. The plan reveals that the plant's output of VOCs and carbon dioxide will exceed federal Clean Air Act standards, triggering necessary approvals from the federal government. The application is currently under review with the PA Dept. of Environmental Protection, a process expected to take 4-6 months.
GHS Implementation Status Quo in Southeast and East Asian Countries - 2014Jane Zhou
It is well recognized that an internationally harmonized approach to classification of chemicals and hazard communication serves as the foundation of sound chemical management and trade facilitation globally. Currently many Asian countries are implementing GHS guidelines and actively promoting its fundamental tenants. However, the local adaptions of the UN model guidelines, the implementation timelines and the enforcement schemes vary from country to country.
This presentation outlines regulatory developments till Oct, 2014 which are related to GHS implementation in the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Taiwan (Chinese Taipei), South Korea and Japan.
For most up-to-date information please visit:
https://ChemLinked.com
Shell Air Quality Plan Approval application for PA Ethane Cracker PlantMarcellus Drilling News
A detailed air pollution application from Shell to build an ethane cracker plant in Beaver County, PA. The plan reveals that the plant's output of VOCs and carbon dioxide will exceed federal Clean Air Act standards, triggering necessary approvals from the federal government. The application is currently under review with the PA Dept. of Environmental Protection, a process expected to take 4-6 months.
GHS Implementation Status Quo in Southeast and East Asian Countries - 2014Jane Zhou
It is well recognized that an internationally harmonized approach to classification of chemicals and hazard communication serves as the foundation of sound chemical management and trade facilitation globally. Currently many Asian countries are implementing GHS guidelines and actively promoting its fundamental tenants. However, the local adaptions of the UN model guidelines, the implementation timelines and the enforcement schemes vary from country to country.
This presentation outlines regulatory developments till Oct, 2014 which are related to GHS implementation in the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Taiwan (Chinese Taipei), South Korea and Japan.
For most up-to-date information please visit:
https://ChemLinked.com
Wayne State University Laboratory Safety TrainingElena Fracassa
This training addresses basic laboratory safety issues for WSU labs and is required annually for all laboratory faculty, staff, and students working with hazardous chemicals.
Topics covered:
Contents of the OSHA Lab Standard (29 CFR 1910.1450)
WSU Chemical Hygiene Plan
Physical and health hazards of chemicals
Safety equipment in the laboratory
Safe handling and storage of chemicals
Hazard Communication & Global Harmonization System of Classifying & Labeling Chemicals
Safety Data Sheets
Personal Protective Equipment
Explanation of EPA, MDEQ, and DOT regulations
Explanation of the WSU Emergency Contingency Plan
Lab responsibilities as a hazardous waste generators
Definitions of hazardous waste
Procedures for collection, labeling, storage and removal of waste
Responding to injuries, spills, fires, and other emergencies in the lab
Laboratory safety is dependent on a collaboration between safety personnel and the laboratory personnel conducting the research and sample analysis. It is important to understand the hazards and risk to determine the heirarchy of controls. In caertain instances, use of personal protective clothing and equipment may be best option to protect the worker from harm. This seminar presents the issues that are pertinent for safety professionals to consider when inspecting any laboratory and understanding the chemical process and equipment used in the analysis.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Wayne State University Laboratory Safety TrainingElena Fracassa
This training addresses basic laboratory safety issues for WSU labs and is required annually for all laboratory faculty, staff, and students working with hazardous chemicals.
Topics covered:
Contents of the OSHA Lab Standard (29 CFR 1910.1450)
WSU Chemical Hygiene Plan
Physical and health hazards of chemicals
Safety equipment in the laboratory
Safe handling and storage of chemicals
Hazard Communication & Global Harmonization System of Classifying & Labeling Chemicals
Safety Data Sheets
Personal Protective Equipment
Explanation of EPA, MDEQ, and DOT regulations
Explanation of the WSU Emergency Contingency Plan
Lab responsibilities as a hazardous waste generators
Definitions of hazardous waste
Procedures for collection, labeling, storage and removal of waste
Responding to injuries, spills, fires, and other emergencies in the lab
Laboratory safety is dependent on a collaboration between safety personnel and the laboratory personnel conducting the research and sample analysis. It is important to understand the hazards and risk to determine the heirarchy of controls. In caertain instances, use of personal protective clothing and equipment may be best option to protect the worker from harm. This seminar presents the issues that are pertinent for safety professionals to consider when inspecting any laboratory and understanding the chemical process and equipment used in the analysis.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
1. LABORATORY WASTE MANAGEMENT IN MEDICAL / HEALTH
UNIVERSITY
CHEMISTRY
BACHELOR OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH (HONS)
INTERNAL ASSESSOR : MOHAMMAD ADAM ADMAN
NADIATUL ASSYIFA BINTI MUHAMAD MAZLAN
NORASIKIN BINTI SENEN
2. MALAYSIA
• Department of
Environment, Ministry of
Health
INTERNATIONAL
• Department of
Environmental Health and
Safety, United States of
America
3. MALAYSIA
• Environmental Quality (Scheduled
Wastes) Regulations 2005
• Occupational Safety and Health
(Classification, Packaging and Labeling of
Hazardous Chemicals) Regulations 1997.
• Occupational Safety and Health
(Prohibition of Use of Substance) Order
• 1999.
• Occupational Safety and Health (Use and
Standards of Exposure of
• Chemicals Hazardous to Health)
Regulations 2000.
INTERNATIONAL
• 1976 by the Federal
Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act
4. MALAYSIA
• The Act states that it is
the duty of every
employer and self-employed
person to
ensure as far as
practicable, to provide a
safe and healthy work
environment for all
workers.
INTERNATIONAL
• Act introduced the
concept that the generator
of a waste is responsible
for proper waste
management
5. MALAYSIA
• Clinical waste
• Radioactive waste
• Chemical waste
• Pressurized containers
• General waste
INTERNATIONAL
• Chemical waste
• Clinical and healthcare
waste
• Radioactive waste
• Liquid wastes
• Laboratory glass
6. MALAYSIA
• Pentas Flora
• Department of Chemistry, Malaysia
• Department of Environment
• Department of Occupational Safety and
Health Malaysia
• Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat
Malaysia
• Malaysian Industrial Hygiene Association
• Malaysian Nuclear Agency
• Malaysian Society of Occupational Safety
and Health
• Ministry of Health Malaysia
• National Institute of Occupational Safety
and Health
• SIRIM Berhad (Secretariat)
INTERNATIONAL
• Association of Public
Health Laboratories
• National Center for
Environmental Health
• Office of Research
Services, National
Institutes of Health
• Office of Safety, Health,
and Environment
7. MALAYSIA
• General Rules of Safety
• • Personal Hygiene
• • Housekeeping
• • Handling Glassware
• 2) Chemical Safety Guideline
• Chemical Disposal
• Chemical Storage
• Packaging of Chemical
• Labeling of Chemical
• 3) Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)
• 4) Laboratories Environment
INTERNATIONAL
• Personal protective equipment to be
used
• Engineering controls such as fume
hoods or other safety equipment
• Work practice controls such as
designated areas or work restrictions
• Monitoring (if needed)
• Occupational Health requirements (if
needed)
• Training requirements
• Storage, cleanup and waste disposal
• Emergency procedures
8. MALAYSIA
• Kualiti Alam
• The Department of
Environment in Malaysia
INTERNATINAL
• The Environmental Health
and Safety Center
(EH&S)
• Environmental Protection
Authority
• Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA)
9. MALAYSIA
• Clinical waste
EX: Human tissues/free-flowing
blood
• Related waste
EX: Chemical Waste
• Waste segregation
• Respiratory
hygiene/cough etiquette
INTERNATIONAL
• Biohazardous Waste
(Regulated Medical
Waste)
Ex :Biologically-cultured
stocks and plates, human
blood or tissues
• Animal Bedding Waste
• Patient Care Waste
Disposal
15. • Knowing the type of chemical waste product.
• Follow the safety procedure to deal with laboratory
waste.
• Let the professional person handle the laboratory waste.
• Dispose the laboratory waste at the right place as
instructed
16. Yes.In order to improved quality standardsof laboratory
waste,Malaysia has adopted adherence to the standarts
of Good Laboratory Practices(GLP) as a pre-requisite
requirement for all laboratories,both in public and private
sectors nationally to meet the international regulatory
government.
17. • Government and Associations /Societies /Boards/
Councils that also responsible for Laboratory Wastes
work together to find the solution to sustain the most
effective management of laboratory waste.
• Both universities,public and private nationally must
have good management of laboratory wastes.
• Students must follow the rules and Standards
Operating Procedures(S.O.P) especially in laboratory.
18. Yes.Because works range of Occupational Safety &
Health(OSH) also include way to handling the waste
laboratory management especially chemical hazardous
waste in industries so that even small accident can be
prevented.
21. A special thanks to our chemistry lecturer,Encik
Mohammad Adam Adman for his guide and his help in
finishing this assignment.we also wants to thanks our friend
for their help in giving us support and information that we
need in order to complete this assignment.Lastly,a special
thanks to our parents and family for their love and support
that encourage us to study and complete our task given in
time.