Chemistry in computer science & engineering. More information Follow YouTube & Facebook https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9lsTSoLqIEC85MU9tqFqOA/playlists https://www.facebook.com/fcoursesbd

1. ROLE OF CHEMISTRY IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
& ENGINEERING.
1

2. GROUP MEMBERS AND THEIR
CONTRIBUTIONS.
NAME CONTRIBUTIONS
37. Sharif Hossain Uses of Chemistry.
38. Fardeen Hossain Khan Effects of Chemistry.
39. Navana Afroz Uses of Chemistry
(Semiconductor).
40. Maftahul Jannat Uses of Chemistry.
41. Md. Hasibur Rahman Benefits of Chemistry. 2

3. GROUP MEMBERS AND THEIR
CONTRIBUTIONS.
3
NAME CONTRIBUTIONS
42. Md. Tanvirul Islam Mechanism of p-type n-type
diode.
43. Md. Mehedi Hasan Abeer Uses of Chemistry (Hardware).
44. Puja Rani Chakraborty Molecules of Chemistry.
45. Mehedi Hasan Samrat Applications of Transitors.

4. CONTENTS
Molecules of chemistry in Computer Science and Engineering.
Uses of chemistry in Computer Science and Engineering.
Transistor and its applications
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5. CONTENTS
Benefits of Chemistry in Computer Science and
Engineering.
Effects of Chemistry in Computer Science and
Engineering.
Mechanism of P-type N-type diode.
5

6. INTRODUCTION
• Engineering gets all the glory—but chemistry is
key.
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7. MOLECULES THAT USE IN COMPUTER
SCIENCE & ENGINEERING.
• Silicon (Si).
• Germanium (Ge).
• Copper (Cu).
• Aluminum (Al).
• Lead (Pb)
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8. MOLECULES THAT USE IN COMPUTER
SCIENCE & ENGINEERING.
• Cadmium (Cd)
• Polyvinyl chloride(pvc) ((C2H3Cl)n)
• Mercury (Hg)
• Lithium (Li)
And many more……
8

9. USE OF CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL
COMPOUNDS
Basically chemistry and chemical compounds are used
in hardware
o Optical fiber
o Printed circuit board
o Resistor
o Capacitor
o Solder
9

10. MONITOR
• CRT Monitor
• The biggest chemical concern in a
CRT monitor comes from the tube
itself. The glass vacuum tube is
lined with a significant amount of
lead.
10

11. MONITOR (CONT…)
• LCD Monitor
• LCDs still contains small
amounts of lead as well as
mercury.
http://smallbusiness.chron.com/chemicals-
computer-monitors-69815.html
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12. BATTERY
• In laptop used in lithium-ion
battery.
12

13. IC
• IC An integrated circuit (IC),
sometimes called a chip or
microchip, is a semiconductor wafer
on which thousands or millions of
tiny resistors
13

14. LED
• A light-emitting diode (LED)
is a two-lead semiconductor
light source. It is a p–n
junction diode that emits
light when activated
14

15. CASE
• Most of the case made by
plastic, Aluminum, Steel etc.
15

16. COMPUTER CHIPS
• Computer chips, both for CPU
and memory, are composed
of semiconductor materials.
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17. COMPUTER CABLE
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• VGA (Video Graphics
Array)
• DVI (Digital Visual
Interface)

18. COMPUTER CABLES
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• HDMI (High Definition
Multimedia Interface)
• USB (Universal
Serial Bus)

19. COMPUTER CABLES
• All of this cables use
stranded copper or aluminum conductors, although
small power cables may use solid conductors.
• https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/computer-cable-types-user/
19

20. OPTICAL FIBER
20

21. WHAT IS OPTICAL FIBER?
• It is a single, hair-fine filament drawn from molten silica glass.
• These fibers are replacing metal wire as the transmission
medium in high-speed.
• High-capacity communications systems that convert information
into light, which is then transmitted via fiber optic cable.
• The technology is used for power lines, local access computer
networks, and video transmission. 21

22. RAW MATERIALS OF OPTICAL FIBER
• The most important materials are plastic and glass.
• Glass optical fibers are almost always made
from Highly purified silicate and silica powder .
• Germanium tetrachloride (GeCl 4 ),Fluorozirconate,
fluoroaluminate, and chalcogenide glasses are also
used.
22

23. RAW MATERIALS OF OPTICAL FIBER(CONT…)
• Phosphorus oxychloride (POC1 3 ) is used to produce core fibers
and outer shells, or claddings.
• Aluminum, Kevlar, and polyethylene (the cladding) is also used
as protecting layers.
• Ascrystalline materials like sapphire, are used for longer-
wavelength infrared.
23

24. PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD
• It’s a sheet of material with copper
tracks.
• Tracks make connection between
component and sheet.
• It provides mechanical strength while
insulating
24

25. PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD(CONT…)
• Copper is thousand times cheaper
than platinum and ruthenium.
• Copper makes the cost of electronics
cheap.
25

26. INSULATING SHEET
• It gives safety to motherboard If
components fail and overheated.
• Most common insulating material is
FR-4.
• It is woven fiberglass bonded by
flame-retardant epoxy resin.
26

27. INSULATING SHEET CONT…
• Chloromethyloxirane and 4,4
diphenol are forms epoxy resin.
• They form large molecule when
they mix up.
• It bonds the fiberglass and fills
holes in the wave
• It produce a tough, insulating,
flame retardant sheet.
27

28. RESISTOR
• It resist the flow of an electrical
current.
• Its major part is ceramic block,
made by aluminum
oxide(alumina).
• It gives component enough buck
to be handled and soldered.
28

29. RESISTOR
• Electrical path is made by depositing a film of
ruthenium oxide.
• It has limited electrical conductivity.
• Metal electrodes are made of platinum, palladium and
silver.
29

30. CAPACITOR
• It is made of two metal sheet separated by
insulator(dielectric).
• Dielectric is made from ceramic plated with silver
to form metal sheet.
• Electrolytic capacitor is formed by rolling up layers
of aluminum foil sandwiched with electrolyte.
• Electrolyte is boric acid or sodium borate with
other material.
30

31. CAPACITOR CONT…
• Some manufacturer use little
metallic cylinder.
• But If they overheated ,electrolyte
evaporates.
• It can cause bulge, burst and
gunge to leak over.
31

32. CAPACITOR CONT…
• Some manufacturer use liquid
electrolyte capacitor.
• It uses 7,7,8,8
tetracyanoquino.
• It is plastic based organic
compound.
• But it can conduct electrical
current.
• Another important type of
capacitor is tantalum
capacitor.
32

33. SOLDER
• Many Components are placed in
motherboard by manufacturer.
• Solders are used for placing
components.
• Solders are made by low melting
point alloy.
• Mostly alloy of Tin and Lead is used
for solder.
• This alloy has low melting point than
tin or lead. 33

34. SOLDER CONT…
• But in 2006 lead is banned for its toxicity.
• Now most of manufacturer are using silver,tin and copper
alloy.
• But it has higher melting point.
• They are trying to mix zinc and manganese to improve their
properties.
34

35. TRANSISTORS
• A transistor is a semiconductor device
that amplifies, oscillates, or switches
the flow of current between two
terminals by varying the current or
voltage between one of the terminals
and a third.
http://www.cultofmac.com/218357/fingerprint-detecting-
iphone-5s-to-release-in-july-new-99-iphone-5-will-come-in-
multiple-colors-new-casing/
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Different types and sizes

36. TRANSISTORS
• Purpose
• To amplify and switch
electronic signals on or off
(high or low)
36

37. APPLICATIONS OF TRANSISTORS
Vacuum tubes
• Purpose
• Used as signal amplifiers and switches
• Advantages
• High power and frequency operation
• Operation at higher voltages
• Less vulnerable to electromagnetic pulses
37

38. APPLICATIONS OF TRANSISTORS
• Disadvantages
• Very large and fragile
• Energy inefficient
• Expensive
38

39. APPLICATIONS OF TRANSISTORS
39

40. APPLICATIONS OF TRANSISTORS
40

41. BENEFITS OF CHEMISTRY IN COMPUTER
SCIENCE & ENGINEERING.
➢Computer science benefits the study of chemistry by
adding a layer to analyze chemical processes. CS
majors chemistry interest.
➢Computer programming is making its way into
chemistry courses. computer programming language
that allows students to analyze the data they collect in
a lab.
41

42. BENEFITS OF CHEMISTRY IN COMPUTER
SCIENCE & ENGINEERING(CONT.).
➢Integrating biological research with areas such as
chemistry, computers and engineering allows students
and researchers to contribute their expertise.
➢computer science, many potential chemistry
undergraduate majors select computer science over
chemistry.
42

43. BENEFITS OF CHEMISTRY IN COMPUTER
SCIENCE & ENGINEERING(CONT.).
• Applications of coupling computers and chemistry
include creating solar cells and drugs and optimizing
motor vehicles.
• Computational chemistry allows a computer to
understand a specific aspect of science — such as the
structure of a protein — and then learn how it
functions.
43

44. EFFECTS OF CHEMISTRY IN COMPUTER
SCIENCE & ENGINEERING.
There are some dangerous substances used in the hardware
o Brominated flame retardants
o Lead
o Cadmium
o Mercury
o Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
These substances are hazardous for both the environment and our
health. 44

45. BROMINATED FLAME RETARDENT
It is used in circuit boards and casings
It doesn’t break down easily and remains in the
environment
It may cause thyroid damage and harm fetal
development
45

46. LEAD
It can be found in the Cathode Ray Tube, the glass of
the monitor and the solder of the circuit board
Exposure to lead can cause intellectual impairment in
children
It can damage the nervous, blood and reproductive
systems
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47. CADMIUM
It is used in rechargeable computer batteries, contacts
and switches and also in old CRTs
It can bio-accumulate in the environment and highly
toxic
It can damage kidney and bone
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48. MERCURY
It is used in lighting devices for flat screen display
It can damage the brain and central nervous system
Mercury poisoning also includes skin discoloration,
shedding of the skin, itching of skin
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49. POLYVINYL CHLORIDE(PVC)
It is a chlorinated plastic used in insulation on wires,
cables, keyboard and also in casings
It is highly persistent in environment
Some are toxic even in very low concentrations.
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50. CONCLUSION
• No matter what is the subject you’re studying ,
Engineering or Non-Engineering. Chemistry plays a
vital role in many parts of any subject . It is good to
know chemistry for one’s betterment for study.
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