That is for Physical Science for Grdae 11/12

1. CHEMICAL REACTION

2. CHEMICAL REACTION
• A chemical reaction is a process in which reactants
react chemically and convert into products by chemical
transformation.
• Synthesis
• Decomposition
• Single-Displacement
• Double Displacement

3. CHEMICAL REACTION
• DECOMPOSITION – breaks down or decomposes
into two or more different product. ( AB  A + B)
•H2CO3 (aq.) → CO2 (g) + H2O (l)
• KClO3 (s) → KCl (s) + O2 (g)
• CaCO3 (s) → CaO (s) + CO2
•

4. CHEMICAL REACTION
• SINGLE REPLACEMENT - is a reaction in which one
element is substituted for another element in a
compound.
•( AB + C  A + BC)
•2NaCl(aq)+F2(g)→2NaF(s)+Cl2(g)
•CaI2(s)+Cl2(g)→CaCl2(s)+I2(s)
•CaF2(s)+Br2(ℓ)→CaBr2(s)+F2(g)

5. CHEMICAL REACTION
• DOUBLE REPLACEMENT - A double displacement
reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which two
reactants exchange ions to generate two new
molecules.
AB+CD→AD+CB
• AgNO3 + NaCl ➜ NaNO3 + AgCl
• Na2S + HCl → NaCl + H2S
•H2SO4 + BaCl2  HCl + BaSO4

6. MOLES
A mole is a unit defined for
the amount of substance.
It is in the International
System of Units (SI) and
its short form is “mol”.
◦ AVOGADRO’S NUMBER
= 6.02X10^23 unit
◦ MOLAR MASS – total
mass of compound:
g/mole

7. MOLES
A mole is a unit defined for
the amount of substance.
It is in the International
System of Units (SI) and
its short form is “mol”.
◦ AVOGADRO’S NUMBER
= 6.02X10^23 unit
◦ MOLAR MASS – total
mass of compound:
g/mole

8. MOLES
A mole is a unit defined for the amount of substance. It
is in the International System of Units (SI) and its short
form is “mol”.
◦ mole- mole is a unit of measurement used in chemistry
to express the amount of a substance.
◦ One mole of a substance is equal to 6.022 × 10²³ units
◦ HOW TO FIND:
◦moles = mass ÷ molar mass (n=m/M)

9. MOLES
A mole is a unit defined for the amount of substance. It
is in the International System of Units (SI) and its short
form is “mol”.
◦ mole- mole is a unit of measurement used in chemistry
to express the amount of a substance.
◦ One mole of a substance is equal to 6.022 × 10²³ units
◦ HOW TO FIND:
◦moles = mass ÷ molar mass (n=m/M)

10. MOLES
Determine the number of moles in 95g of MnO2.
Solution:
Given
Mass of MnO2 = 95g
Mass of one mole MnO2 = 86.94g
Number of moles formula is
Number of moles = Mass of substance / Mass of one mole
Number of moles = 95 / 86.94
Number of moles = 1.092 mol

11. MOLES
How to find the number of particle/atom
Multiply the total number of mole to
Avogadro’s number
◦ Number of moles = 1.092 mol
◦ Avogadro’s number = 6.022 × 10² atoms/mol

12. MOLES
How to find the number of particle/atom
Multiply the total number of mole to
Avogadro’s number
◦ Number of moles = 1.092 mol
◦ Avogadro’s number = 6.022 × 10^23 atoms/mol
◦ = 6.58x10^23 atoms

13. MOLES
How many mole are there in 10.78 g of CO2 (carbon
dioxide
https://www.slideshare.net/Raulemar1/greekviewsonm
otionpptx)? How many atoms do CO2 has?
GIVEN
REQUIRED
EQUATION
SOLUTION
ANSWER

14. MOLES
How many moles are there in 57 g of KCl
(Potassium Chloride)? How many atoms do KCl
has?
GIVEN
REQUIRED
EQUATION
SOLUTION
ANSWER

15. PERCENT AND THEORETICAL YIELD
Theoretical Yield: In a chemical reaction, you start
with certain amounts of reactants, and based on the
balanced chemical equation, you can calculate the
amount of product you should theoretically obtain.
This calculated amount is called the theoretical yield.
It represents the maximum amount of product that
can be obtained under ideal conditions, assuming the
reaction goes to completion without any side
reactions or losses.

16. PERCENT AND THEORETICAL YIELD
PERCENT YIELD: In reality, chemical reactions may
not proceed perfectly. There could be incomplete
reactions, side reactions, or losses during the process,
leading to a lower amount of product than expected.
The percent yield tells you how efficiently the reaction
was carried out by comparing the actual yield of product
obtained in the lab to the theoretical yield calculated
from the balanced chemical equation.

17. PERCENT AND THEORETICAL YIELD
Let's say you conducted
an experiment to produce
a chemical compound and
obtained 35 grams of the
compound. According to
your calculations, you
should have obtained 40
grams of the compound.
Calculate the percent
yield.

18. PERCENT AND THEORETICAL YIELD
1. The theoretical yield of beryllium chloride was 10.7
grams. If the reaction actually yields 4.5 grams, what was
the percent yield?
2. A reaction with a calculated yield of 9.23 g produced 7.89
g of product. What is the percent yield for this reaction?
3. After the chemical reaction, hydrochloric acid yield 6.7 g.
If the theoretical yield is 8.5 g, what is the percent yield of
the reaction?

19. COLLISION THEORY
• states that atoms
or molecules must
collide with
enough energy in
order to react.
• must collide with
one another first
before they can
react.

20. WHAT FACTORS AFFECT CHEMICAL
REACTION
1. Particle Size: Smaller pieces of solid reactants make reactions faster
because they provide more surface area for the reactants to interact,
causing more collisions.
2. Reactant Concentration: When you have more of a reactant, reactions
happen faster because there are more collisions between reactant
molecules.
3. Temperature: Higher temperatures speed up reactions because they
make reactant molecules move faster, increasing the chances of successful
collisions.
4. Presence of a Catalyst: Catalysts make reactions faster by providing a
shortcut for the reaction to happen, without being used up themselves.

21. IMPORTANCE OF CHEMICAL
REACTION
1. Chemical reactions are how new forms of matter are made.
While nuclear reactions also may produce new matter, nearly
all the substances you encounter in daily life are the result of
chemical changes.
2. By observing chemical reactions, we are able to understand
and explain how the natural world works. Chemical reactions
turn food into fuel for your body, make fireworks explode,
cause food to change when it is cooked, make soap remove
grime, and much more.

22. IMPORTANCE OF CHEMICAL
REACTION
3. Chemical reactions help us to solve crimes and explain mysteries. By
analyzing blood and tissue samples, for example, police are able to
identify the perpetrators of crimes. Chemical reactions are also the
tools we use to date fossils, analyze ancient materials, and better
understand how our ancestors lived.

23. IMPORTANCE OF CHEMICAL
REACTION
4. Chemical reactions help us understand the properties of
matter. By studying the way a sample interacts with other
matter, we can learn its chemical properties. These
properties can be used to identify an unknown specimen
or to predict how different types of matter might react with
each other.
5. Without chemical reactions, nothing would ever change.
Atoms would stay atoms. New molecules wouldn't form.
No organisms could live. If matter didn't react with other
matter, the universe would be extremely boring.