This document provides information on using Lewis diagrams to explain chemical bonds. It reviews valence electrons and how to identify them for different elements using the periodic table. It then explains how to draw Lewis diagrams by representing elements with their symbols and using dots to show unbonded valence electrons. Examples of drawing Lewis diagrams for elements like chlorine and molecules like hydrogen chloride are given. The lesson aims to teach learners how to calculate valence electrons, draw Lewis diagrams to represent them, and use these diagrams to demonstrate different bond types including ionic and covalent bonds.

1. TOPIC: Chemical bonding
SUB TOPIC : Using Lewis diagrams to
explain bonds

2. LEARNER PRIOR-KNOWLEDGE
 From previous lesson:
 Periodic table.
-Groups( Columns of the periodic table)
-Periods(rows of the periodic table
 Valence electrons-
-electrons in the outermost shell.
-They are responsible for bonding.
 Types of bonding(Covalent bond, Ionic bond, metallic bond).
 Ionic bonding
-Is a transfer of valence electrons from a metal atom to a non-metal atom.
 Covalent bonding.
-is sharing of valence electrons between non-metals.
 Metallic bonding.
-is a attraction between the nucleus and a pool of delocalized electrons of a metal atom.

3. LESSON OUTCOMES
 Learners should know how to:
 Identifying valence electrons for a particular elements.
 Calculate valence electrons of a molecule.
 Draw Lewis diagrams to represent valence electrons

4. INVITATION
 Modelling of the following;
Similarly o 𝐻 − 𝐶𝑙

5. Engaging with the content
 Emphasize the group number indicates the valence electrons. E.g. Nitrogen
has 5 valence electrons.
 Give them examples of different elements were they have to state the
number of valence electrons.
 Exercise:
 State the number of valence electrons in the following elements:
1. Li
2. Be
3. B
4. C

6. Define what a Lewis Diagram is:
 a structure that shows an element using its symbol and valence electrons around it using dots or crosses.
 Show the learners how to draw the Lewis Diagrams for different elements and molecules.
E,g Chlorine Hydrogen chloride
We use the Lewis Diagrams to show the different types of bonds
1. Ionic Bond
2. Covalent Bond

7. Class Activity
 Give the learners an Activity to draw Lewis diagrams for:
𝐶𝐻4
𝑁𝐻3
𝐿𝑖

8. Summary and integration
learners will know
I will emphasize the important concepts of the lesson:
what are valence electrons and where do we find them.
They will know how to calculate the valence electrons.
How to draw lewis structure to represent valence electrons.
I will tell the learners to take out their device to log on to socrative to do the activity.
https://b.socrative.com/login/student
ROOM NAME: MBATSANE3335