This document discusses using high concentration photovoltaic (HCPV) technology in Kenya. It describes a case study of an HCPV project currently providing electricity to a customer in Kenya. The project uses linear fresnel solar collectors to concentrate sunlight onto absorber tubes to generate thermal energy. This technology provides attractive returns on investment for the customer and helps reduce their power bills in a financially viable way while also allowing them to claim carbon credits.
Concentration Photovoltaics (CPV) has experienced a large thrust in the last couple of years as it is starting to deliver very promising technologies into the market. The role played by the Institute of Concentration Photovoltaics (ISFOC) in Puertollano, Spain, has been key to the growth of the industry helping the development of the first commercial products and their deployment. Multijunction solar cells with commercial efficiencies close to 40%, innovative optical designs that minimise losses and novel approaches to the tight CPV tracking requirements are the main technical advances that are easing up the way of CPV deployment.
The ISFOC project has been financed by the Spanish Government and through the installation of up to 3MW of various CPV technologies is helping to define the standards for the industry and their evaluation of power and energy performance. Further on, ISFOC will be open for collaboration in applied research and technology on all the key areas of CPV which is to become a major sector in renewable energy generation across the globe. This webinar will review the current status of the ISFOC project and the technical and commercial opportunity for CPV.
Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 5 - Solar Resource AssessmentLeonardo ENERGY
In this session there will be a complete review of technologies and techniques to assess the solar resource of a site and its suitability for a CSP project.
- Understanding the solar resource for csp plants
- Solar radiation measurement and estimation
- Solar radiation databases
- Statistical characterisation of the solar resource. Typical meteorological years
- Solar resource assessment for csp plants
Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic TroughLeonardo ENERGY
In this session the main elements of the parabolic trough technology will be described: concentrators, receivers, heat transfer fluids, connecting elements, etc.
Then, the main characteristics of today’s parabolic trough solar thermal power plants will be presented: design, operation and costs.
Finally, the audience will get some ideas for future developments.
Future possibilities for utilization of solar energy serc 2009 05-20Stefan Larsson
This is a presentation about the growing field of solar fuels and the balanced carbon cycle concept (B3C) that I made during my research in how we save the climate of planet earth within the economic boundaries we have in the current energy system.
Design, test and mathematica modeling of parabolic trough solat collectors (P...Marco Sotte
Parabolic Trough Collectors are widespread in CSP applications. Their adoption is less developed in industrial heat demand applications. In the present thesis the design and test of two prototypes of PTC for the thermal loads in the range 80 - 250 °C is described. A mathematical model has also been developed to predict optical efficiency and thermal losses for any PTC. The model has been validated through comparison with the experimental results on the prototypes. Then it has been included in a custom-built simulation environment to predict yearly perfor- mances of a PTC field coupled with an industrial process heat demand. Energetic results are shown and final considerations are drawn for this application.
Concentration Photovoltaics (CPV) has experienced a large thrust in the last couple of years as it is starting to deliver very promising technologies into the market. The role played by the Institute of Concentration Photovoltaics (ISFOC) in Puertollano, Spain, has been key to the growth of the industry helping the development of the first commercial products and their deployment. Multijunction solar cells with commercial efficiencies close to 40%, innovative optical designs that minimise losses and novel approaches to the tight CPV tracking requirements are the main technical advances that are easing up the way of CPV deployment.
The ISFOC project has been financed by the Spanish Government and through the installation of up to 3MW of various CPV technologies is helping to define the standards for the industry and their evaluation of power and energy performance. Further on, ISFOC will be open for collaboration in applied research and technology on all the key areas of CPV which is to become a major sector in renewable energy generation across the globe. This webinar will review the current status of the ISFOC project and the technical and commercial opportunity for CPV.
Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 5 - Solar Resource AssessmentLeonardo ENERGY
In this session there will be a complete review of technologies and techniques to assess the solar resource of a site and its suitability for a CSP project.
- Understanding the solar resource for csp plants
- Solar radiation measurement and estimation
- Solar radiation databases
- Statistical characterisation of the solar resource. Typical meteorological years
- Solar resource assessment for csp plants
Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic TroughLeonardo ENERGY
In this session the main elements of the parabolic trough technology will be described: concentrators, receivers, heat transfer fluids, connecting elements, etc.
Then, the main characteristics of today’s parabolic trough solar thermal power plants will be presented: design, operation and costs.
Finally, the audience will get some ideas for future developments.
Future possibilities for utilization of solar energy serc 2009 05-20Stefan Larsson
This is a presentation about the growing field of solar fuels and the balanced carbon cycle concept (B3C) that I made during my research in how we save the climate of planet earth within the economic boundaries we have in the current energy system.
Design, test and mathematica modeling of parabolic trough solat collectors (P...Marco Sotte
Parabolic Trough Collectors are widespread in CSP applications. Their adoption is less developed in industrial heat demand applications. In the present thesis the design and test of two prototypes of PTC for the thermal loads in the range 80 - 250 °C is described. A mathematical model has also been developed to predict optical efficiency and thermal losses for any PTC. The model has been validated through comparison with the experimental results on the prototypes. Then it has been included in a custom-built simulation environment to predict yearly perfor- mances of a PTC field coupled with an industrial process heat demand. Energetic results are shown and final considerations are drawn for this application.
CSP Training course - Lesson 5 : Assessing the Solar Resource for CSP plantsLeonardo ENERGY
5th and last lesson of this course on CSP technology.
In this session there will be a complete review of technologies and techniques to assess the solar resource of a site and its suitability for a CSP project.
- Understanding the solar resource for csp plants
- Solar radiation measurement and estimation
- Solar radiation databases
- Statistical characterisation of the solar resource. Typical meteorological years
- Solar resource assessment for csp plants
The CSP technology in a simplified way (e.g. how
it works, system components, options); Selection criteria e.g. location, size,
technology, O&M, contract type (PPA).
Fabrication, Designing & Performance Analysis of Solar Parabolic TroughIJERA Editor
A parabolic trough solar collector uses a parabolic cylinder to reflect and concentrate sun radiations towards a receiver tube located at the focus line of the parabolic cylinder. The receiver absorbs the incoming radiations and transforms them into thermal energy, the latter being transported and collected by a fluid medium circulating within the receiver tube.This method of concentrated solar collection has the advantage of high efficiency and low cost, and can be used either for thermal energy collection, for generating electricity or for both, This paper focused on the fabrication and designing of solar parabolic trough, The designing of trough is depend upon the following parameters : Aperture of the concentrator , Inner diameter of absorber tube, Outer diameter of absorber tube, Inner diameter of glass tube, Outer diameter of glass tube, Length of parabolic trough, Concentration ratio, Collector aperture area, Specular reflectivity of concentrator, Glass cover transitivity for solar radiation, Absorber tube emissivity/emissivity, Intercept factor, Emissivity of absorber tube surface and Emissivity of glass. The performance analysis will be based on the Experimental data collection and calculations with reference to: Thermal performance calculations, Overall loss coefficient and heat correlations. Heat transfer coefficient on the inside surface of the absorber tube and Heat transfer coefficient between the absorber tube and the Cover.
Systematic Approaches to Ensure Correct Representation of Measured Multi-Irra...Kenneth J. Sauer
Modeling the irradiance & temperature dependence of PV modules in PVsyst & PV*SOL. Presented at the IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) in June 2012.
To download, head to -
http://solarreference.com/parabolic-trough-collectors-comparison/
A detailed comparison of different types of parabolic trough collectors on the basis of specifications, technology, material etc. If CSP is your arena, this is one presentation you just can't miss !!!
Source: NREL
For more quality resources visit us at http://solarreference.com
CSP Training course - Lesson 1 : General PrinciplesLeonardo ENERGY
In this session, the contents will focus on the physical and thermodynamic basis of Concentrated Solar Power:
High temperature solar-thermal conversion, limits to the concentration of solar radiation and description of the main concentrating technologies.
Solar thermal power plants: concept, background, general configuration and main typologies of solar thermal power plants.
This lesson is part of the general course on CSP technology.
CSP Training course - Lesson 5 : Assessing the Solar Resource for CSP plantsLeonardo ENERGY
5th and last lesson of this course on CSP technology.
In this session there will be a complete review of technologies and techniques to assess the solar resource of a site and its suitability for a CSP project.
- Understanding the solar resource for csp plants
- Solar radiation measurement and estimation
- Solar radiation databases
- Statistical characterisation of the solar resource. Typical meteorological years
- Solar resource assessment for csp plants
The CSP technology in a simplified way (e.g. how
it works, system components, options); Selection criteria e.g. location, size,
technology, O&M, contract type (PPA).
Fabrication, Designing & Performance Analysis of Solar Parabolic TroughIJERA Editor
A parabolic trough solar collector uses a parabolic cylinder to reflect and concentrate sun radiations towards a receiver tube located at the focus line of the parabolic cylinder. The receiver absorbs the incoming radiations and transforms them into thermal energy, the latter being transported and collected by a fluid medium circulating within the receiver tube.This method of concentrated solar collection has the advantage of high efficiency and low cost, and can be used either for thermal energy collection, for generating electricity or for both, This paper focused on the fabrication and designing of solar parabolic trough, The designing of trough is depend upon the following parameters : Aperture of the concentrator , Inner diameter of absorber tube, Outer diameter of absorber tube, Inner diameter of glass tube, Outer diameter of glass tube, Length of parabolic trough, Concentration ratio, Collector aperture area, Specular reflectivity of concentrator, Glass cover transitivity for solar radiation, Absorber tube emissivity/emissivity, Intercept factor, Emissivity of absorber tube surface and Emissivity of glass. The performance analysis will be based on the Experimental data collection and calculations with reference to: Thermal performance calculations, Overall loss coefficient and heat correlations. Heat transfer coefficient on the inside surface of the absorber tube and Heat transfer coefficient between the absorber tube and the Cover.
Systematic Approaches to Ensure Correct Representation of Measured Multi-Irra...Kenneth J. Sauer
Modeling the irradiance & temperature dependence of PV modules in PVsyst & PV*SOL. Presented at the IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) in June 2012.
To download, head to -
http://solarreference.com/parabolic-trough-collectors-comparison/
A detailed comparison of different types of parabolic trough collectors on the basis of specifications, technology, material etc. If CSP is your arena, this is one presentation you just can't miss !!!
Source: NREL
For more quality resources visit us at http://solarreference.com
CSP Training course - Lesson 1 : General PrinciplesLeonardo ENERGY
In this session, the contents will focus on the physical and thermodynamic basis of Concentrated Solar Power:
High temperature solar-thermal conversion, limits to the concentration of solar radiation and description of the main concentrating technologies.
Solar thermal power plants: concept, background, general configuration and main typologies of solar thermal power plants.
This lesson is part of the general course on CSP technology.
Process heat requirement constitutes a large part of global energy demand. Solar thermal harnesses heat from the sun that can be effectively used for process heat requirements, and save upto 30% cost when compared to conventional energy sources like gas, diesel, electricity etc.
HMX offers solar thermal solutions for steam generation and high-temperature hot water for a range of applications such as process heating, CIP (clean in place), pasteurization, distillation, cooking, air heating, etc., across industries and commercial establishments.
Il CSP di piccola taglia e il calore di processo: esempi pratici e casi studi...Sardegna Ricerche
L'intervento di Werner Platzer (Fraunhofer ISE) in occasione dell'evento "Solare termodinamico di piccola taglia: impianti dimostrativi in Sardegna e calore di processo industriale" che si è tenuto a Pula (CA) il 25 settembre 2015.
Gi Energy Renewable Energy Opportunities with Infrastructure Projects June 2015GI Energy
The presentation explains how placing geothermal loops into foundations; infrastructure projects such as central London Crossrail stations and railway depots can provide a renewable energy solution.
Gi energy renewable energy opportunities with infrastructure projects june ...GI Energy
Installing renewable energy technologies into major infrastructure projects can provide opportunities for providing reduced CO2 savings and life cycle run costs adding a significant green element to a project..
On Thursday 19 November 2015, the British Embassy in Paris hosted a second trilateral workshop with French, German and British delegates from the research, government and business sectors to discuss the importance of energy storage.
Hybrid Ventilation using CFD Simulation in the CloudSimScale
Monodraught and SimScale demonstrate how computational fluid dynamics is used to design low-energy hybrid ventilation and cooling systems. Monodraughts products integrate intelligent control strategies that reduce energy demand by 90%. Learn how they leverage SimScale's platform in product design and use engineering simulation in the cloud to design some of the lowest energy, low carbon HVAC solutions on the market.
Existing supporting regulatory framework For Energy EfficiencyACX
Get up to date with existing and upcoming regulations effecting energy use in Kenya. Learn more on trends in policy making and how this will affect you as a consumer.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
2. • What is it
• Why talk About it
• Case Study –
current project
• Some analytics
3. Concentrated Photovoltaic (CPV):
Uses optics such as lenses or curved
mirrors to concentrate a large amount
of sunlight onto a small area of solar
photovoltaic (PV) cells to generate
electricity.
High Concentration Photovoltaic
(HCPV):
Systems employ concentrating optics
consisting of dish reflectors or fresnel
lenses that concentrate sunlight to
intensities of 1000 suns or more.
4. • Customer with singular
objective
– Reduction of power bills
• Multiple challenges in
approaching the solution
– MW power required
– Both lighting and Thermal
solutions
– Space Restrictions
– Financial Viability
5. Address the most
pressing concern
- Biggest expense
- Boiler ( heating the
transfer fluid in the
boiler system)
7. THE PRINCIPAL
Flat Mirrors concentrate sunlight on absorber tube
Mirrors track the sun over the day
Heat transfer fluid circulates to transfer energy to
process
8. THE REASONING
– Large temperature range 100 – 400°C
– Easy to integrate (thermal & structural)
– Easy to operate
– Space Economics
14. EVEN BETTER
• Carbon Credits
– Initial assessment showed that client is in a position
to claim carbon credits based on reduction of
emissions further reducing time to break even point
15. THANK YOU
Contact me: charlene.maina@plexus-energy.co.ke
Telephone: 0754-405-552 or 0754-405-055
18. MULTIPLE USES
Solar process heat
Solar cooling
Solar thermal power generation
Solar desalination
Solar poly-generation
19. Length: modular in steps of 4m
Total width: 7.5m
Aperture width: 5.5m
Height: 4m
Weight: 27 kg/m²
Peak power: 560 W/m²
20. approx. 100 m
approx. 135 m
One collector unit
(approx. 65 x 8 m)
352 m² / 176 kW peak
Collector field layout with 7040 m²
aperture area for a thermal peak power
of 4 MW
Typical industrial roof top layout
21. Facts & Figures
• Heat transfer fluid
– Pressurized water
– Steam
– Thermal oil
• Receiver SCHOTT PTR® 70
– Maximum pressure
up to 120 bar (different versions 40, 60, 120 bar)
– Maximum temperature
up to 380 °C with thermal oil
up to 330 °C with saturated steam or pressurized
water
– Thermal loss per m² of primary reflector
u1 = 0.00043 W/(m²K²) (according to DLR)
22. Advantages I
Thermal Fresnel PTC Fresnel vs. PTC
Peak Power Ground
Area
Ground Area Ground Usage
Factor Ratio
88 kWth 264 m2 458 m2 1,73
176 kWth 528 m2 869 m2 1,65
500 kWth 1.500 m2 2.462 m2 1,64
1.0 MWth 3.000 m2 4.923 m2 1,64
10.0 MWth 30.000 m2 48.574 m2 1,62
23. • Low wind load
• Good weight-spread
• High ground usage factor
• No north-south alignment necessary
• Stationary receiver, no flexible connections
• Concentrated sunlight hits absorber
tube always from below
Rooftop
installation
Industry
Steam
Summary Advantages
• Easy cleaning (flat glass / good access)
• Low water demand for cleaning
• Reliable components (mirror/tube/drives)
Low O&M
• Primary mirrors made of flat glass vs. aluminum
(durability, reflectivity)
• Precise temperature and power control
• Less absorber tube per m² allows high quality
70 mm vacuum absorber tube (industrial standard)
• Remote control and monitoring via
LAN and internet
Editor's Notes
Current expenses = aprx 4M shillings a month
2.5 MW of power on demand
78% - Thermal and provided by fuel – 3M a month
22% - Lighting and running of plant – 1M a month provided by Grid power
In order to deliver 2.5 MW
Space required = 7,500m2
Space Available = 6900m2
Cost =
78% of cost is related to boiler
Boilers take 814KW each ( 700,000 Kcal)
To generate the 1.75 MW required the 6900m available is enough
One collector unit (16 MODULES)
(approx. 65 x 8 m)
352 m² / 176 kW peak
12.3 kW per standard module