Chapter_36_Skeletal_Muscular_and_Integ.ppt

1. Ch 36- Skeletal,
Muscular, and
Integumentary
Systems
36.1 Skeletal System
36.2 Muscular System
36.3 Integumentary System

2. 36-1 Skeletal System
 206 bones in your body compose your Skeleton
 The bones of your skull, ribs, spine, and sternum
form the Axial Skeleton
 Appendicular Skeleton is the bones of your arms,
legs, scapula, clavicle and pelvis

3. 36-1 Skeletal System
 The bone’s surface is covered by a tough membrane called
Periosteum
 Compact Bone is the layer under the periosteum which is
composed of a mineral crystal cylinders called Haversian
Canals which contain blood vessels.
 In between haversian canals are Osteocytes which are the
living bone
 A network of connective tissue inside the compact bone is
called Spongy Bone. (Hard for support)
 Bone Marrow is a soft tissue in the spongy bone that produces
red and white blood cells and also stores fat for energy reserve

4. Cross section of a bone
Fig 36-3

5. 36-1 Cont
 Fracture is a break or crack in a bone
 When cartilage is converted into bone through the
depositing of minerals is called Ossification
 Bone elongation takes place near the end of long
bones in the Epiphyseal Plate.

6. 36-1
 The place where two bones meet is a Joint
 Movable Joint- Majority of joints in the body in
which allows a wide range of movements
 Fixed Joint- Prevent movement (Bony plates that
compose the Skull)
 Semimovable Joints- permits limited movement-
Example-Spine
 Tough bands of connective tissue, called
Ligaments, hold the bones of the joint in place
 The term Arthritis is used to describe painful,
swollen joints

7. Questions
 Pg 925 (1-5)

8. 36-2 Muscular System
 Skeletal muscle tissue is made up of elongated cells
called Muscle Fibers
 Each fiber has dark and light lines called Striation
 Fascicles are the dense bundles of muscle fibers
 Voluntary Muscles are consciously controlled
 Skeletal Muscles
 Because most of its movements cannot be
consciously controlled, Smooth and Cardiac muscle
is referred to as Involuntary Muscles

9.  Each muscle fiber
consists of Myofibrils
 Each myofibrils is
composed of two
proteins:
 Myosin- Thick
filaments
 Actin-Thin Filaments
 Where all of the actin
are anchored together is
the Z-Line
 From z-line to the next
is considered a
Sarcomere

10. 36-2 Muscular System
 Muscle are attached to periosteum by a Tendon
 The point where a muscle attaches to a stationary bone is
called the Origin
 The point where a muscle attaches to a moving bone is
called the Insertion
 Flexor- Muscle that bends the joint-Bicep
 Extensor- Muscle that straightens the joint- Triceps
 Neuromuscular junction is to point in which the motor
neuron and a skeletal muscle meet
 The neurotransmitter released at this junction is
Acetylcholine

11. Questions
 Pg 931 (1-6)

12. 36-3 Integumentary
System (Skin)
 Skin is the body’s largest organ
 The outer layer of the skin, Epidermis, is composed of
layers of thin Epithelial cells (Dead)
 Keratin- A protein in epidermal cells which makes it
leathery and waterproof
 A color pigment in skin called Melanin, is what absorbed
Ultra Violet light to protect us
 The inner layer of living skin, Dermis, and has specialized
structures such as Sensory Neurons, Blood Vessels, Muscle
Fibers, Hair Follicles, and Glands

14. 36-3 Cont..
 Hair, which protects and insulates the body is produced in
the dermis in pits called Hair Follicles
 Exocrine glands- Glands that release secretion through
ducts in the skin
 Glands that release excess water, salt and Urea are called
Sweat Glands
 Oil Glands, Which are found in large numbers on the face
and scalp produce a fatty substance known as Sebum
 Excess amount of Sebum, dead cells and bacteria produces
the skin disorder Acne

15. Book Questions
 Pg 936- (1-6)
 HW if you don’t finish
 Pg 939 (1-20) complete sentences