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Chapter 20
Northern Europe,
1600 to 1700
Gardner’s Art Through the Ages,
The Western Perspective 13e
2
Europe in the 17th
Century
3
Goals
• Recognize the distinctive characteristics of the Baroque style
• Understand the diversity of cultures and artistic styles throughout
Europe
• Identify representative Baroque artists and their works
• Identify representative Baroque architects and their works
• Recognize the distinctive characteristics of the Rococo style
• Identify representative Rococo artists and their works
• Identify representative Rococo architects and their works
• Recognize and cite artistic terminology from this period
4
20.1 Baroque Art Northern Europe
• Recognize the distinctive characteristics of the Baroque style
in Northern Europe (Holland, France, England)
• Understand the diversity of cultures and artistic styles
throughout Northern Europe
• Identify representative Baroque artists and their works
• Identify representative Baroque architects and their works
• Recognize and cite artistic terminology from this period 
5
Figure 20-2 PETER PAUL RUBENS, Elevation of the Cross, from Saint Walburga, Antwerp, 1610. Oil on wood, 15’ 1
7/8” x 11’ 1 1/2” (center panel), 15' 1 7/8" x 4' 11" (each wing). Antwerp Cathedral, Antwerp.
6
Figure 20-3 PETER PAUL RUBENS, Arrival
of Marie de’ Medici at Marseilles, 1622–1625. Oil
on canvas, 12’ 11 1/2” x 9’ 7”. Louvre, Paris.
7
Figure 20-4 PETER PAUL RUBENS, Consequences of War, 1638–1639. Oil on canvas, 6’ 9” x 11’ 3 7/8”. Palazzo Pitti,
Florence..
8
Figure 20-5 ANTHONY VAN DYCK,
Charles I Dismounted, ca. 1635. Oil on canvas, 8’
x 11” x 6’ 11 1/2”. Louvre, Paris.
9
Figure 20-6 CLARA PEETERS, Still Life with Flowers, Goblet, Dried Fruit, and Pretzels, 1611. Oil on panel, 1’ 7 3/4” x 2’ 1
1/4”. Museo del Prado, Madrid.
10
Figure 20-7 HENDRICK TER BRUGGHEN, Calling of Saint Matthew, 1621. Oil on canvas, 3’ 4” x 4’ 6”. The Hague.
11
Figure 20-8 GERRIT VAN HONTHORST, Supper Party, 1620. Oil on canvas, 4’ 8” x 7’. Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence.
12
Figure 20-9 FRANS HALS, Archers of Saint Hadrian, ca. 1633. Oil on canvas, approx. 6’ 9” x 11’. Frans Halsmuseum,
Haarlem.
13
Figure 20-10 FRANS HALS, The Women Regents of the Old Men’s Home at Haarlem, 1664. Oil on canvas, 5’ 7” x 8’ 2”. Frans
Halsmuseum, Haarlem.
14
Figure 20-11 JUDITH LEYSTER, Self-Portrait, ca. 1630. Oil on canvas, 2’ 5 3/8” x 2’ 1 5/8”. National Gallery of Art,
Washington, D.C. (gift of Mr. and Mrs. Robert Woods Bliss).
15
Figure 20-12 REMBRANDT VAN RIJN, Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp, 1632. Oil on canvas, 5’ 3 3/4” x 7’ 1 1/4”.
Mauritshuis, The Hague.
16
Figure 20-13 REMBRANDT VAN RIJN, The Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq (Night Watch), 1642. Oil on canvas
(cropped from original size), 11’ 11” x 14’ 4”. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.
17
Figure 20-14 REMBRANDT VAN RIJN,
Return of the Prodigal Son, ca. 1665. Oil on
canvas, approx. 8’ 8” x 6’ 9”. Hermitage
Museum, Saint Petersburg.
18
Figure 20-15 REMBRANDT VAN
RIJN, Self-Portrait, ca. 1659–1660. Oil on
canvas, approx. 3’ 8 3/4” x 3’ 1”.
Kenwood House, London (Iveagh
Bequest).
19
Figure 20-16 REMBRANDT VAN RIJN, Christ with the Sick around Him, Receiving the Children (Hundred Guilder Print), ca.
1649. Etching, 11” x 1’ 3 1/4”. Pierpont Morgan Library, New York.
20
Figure 20-17 AELBERT CUYP, A Distant View of Dordrecht, with a Milkmaid and Four Cows, and Other Figures, late 1640s. Oil
on canvas, 5’ 1” x 6’ 4 7/8”. National Gallery, London.
21
Figure 20-18 JACOB VAN RUISDAEL, View of Haarlem from the Dunes at Overveen, ca. 1670. Oil on canvas, 1’ 10” x 2’ 1”.
Mauritshuis, The Hague.
22
Figure 20-1 JAN VERMEER, Allegory of
the Art of Painting, 1670–1675. Oil on
canvas, 4’ 4” x 3’ 8”. Kunsthistorisches
Museum, Vienna.
23
Figure 20-19 JAN VERMEER, The
Letter, 1666. Oil on canvas, 1’ 5 1/4”
x 1’ 3 1/4”. Rijksmuseum,
Amsterdam.
24
Figure 20-20 JAN STEEN, The Feast
of Saint Nicholas, ca. 1660–1665. Oil
on canvas, 2’ 8 1/4” x 2’ 3 3/4”.
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.
25
Figure 20-21 PIETER CLAESZ, Vanitas Still Life, 1630s. Oil on panel, 1’ 2” x 1’ 11 1/2”. Germanisches
Nationalmuseum, Nuremberg.
26
Figure 20-22 WILLEM KALF, Still
Life with a Late Ming Ginger Jar, 1669. Oil
on canvas, 2’ 6” x 2’ 1 3/4”.
Indianapolis Museum of Art,
Indianapolis. (gift in commemoration of
the 60th anniversary of the Art
Association of Indianapolis, in memory
of Daniel W. and Elizabeth C.
Marmon).
27
Figure 20-23 RACHEL RUYSCH, Flower
Still Life, after 1700. Oil on canvas, 2’ 5
3/4” x 1’ 11 7/8”. The Toledo Museum of
Art, Toledo (purchased with funds from
the Libbey Endowment, gift of Edward
Drummond Libbey).
28
Figure 20-24 NICOLAS POUSSIN, Et in Arcadia Ego, ca. 1655. Oil on canvas, approx. 2’ 10” x 4’. Louvre, Paris.
29
Figure 20-25 NICOLAS POUSSIN, Burial of Phocion, 1648. Oil on canvas, 3’ 11” x 5’ 10”. Louvre, Paris.
30
Figure 20-26 CLAUDE LORRAIN, Landscape with Cattle and Peasants, 1629. Oil on canvas, 3’ 6” x 4’ 10 1/2”.
Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia (George W. Elkins Collection).
31
Figure 20-27 LOUIS LE NAIN, Family of Country People, ca. 1640. Oil on canvas, 3’ 8” x 5’ 2”. Louvre, Paris.
32
Figure 20-28 JACQUES CALLOT, Hanging Tree, from the Miseries of War series, 1629–1633. Etching, 3 3/4” x 7 1/4”.
Private collection.
33
Figure 20-29 GEORGES DE LA TOUR, Adoration of the Shepherds, 1645–1650. Oil on canvas, approx. 3’ 6” x 4’ 6”.
Louvre, Paris.
34
Figure 20-30 HYACINTHE RIGAUD, Louis XIV,
1701. Oil on canvas, 9’ 2” x 6’ 3”. Louvre, Paris.
35
Figure 20-31 CLAUDE PERRAULT, LOUIS LE VAU, and CHARLES LE BRUN, east facade of the Louvre, Paris,
France, 1667–1670.
36
Figure 20-32 Aerial view (looking west) of the palace and gardens, Versailles, France, begun 1669.
37
Figure 20-33 JULES HARDOUIN-MANSART and CHARLES LE BRUN, Galerie des Glaces (Hall of Mirrors), palace of
Louis XIV, Versailles, France, ca. 1680.
38
Figure 20-34 FRANÇOIS GIRARDON and THOMAS REGNAUDIN, Apollo Attended by the Nymphs, Grotto of Thetis,
Versailles, France, ca. 1666–1672. Marble, life-size.
39
Figure 20-35 JULES HARDOUIN-
MANSART, Royal Chapel, with ceiling
decorations by Antoine Coypel, palace of
Louis XIV, Versailles, France, 1698–1710.
40
Figure 20-36 JULES HARDOUIN-MANSART, Église
de Dôme, Church of the Invalides, Paris, France, 1676–
1706.
41
Figure 20-37 INIGO JONES, Banqueting House at Whitehall, London, England, 1619–1622.
42
Figure 20-38 SIR CHRISTOPHER WREN,
new Saint Paul’s Cathedral, London, England,
1675–1710.
43
Discussion Questions
 Compare the values of the 17th
century Dutch Republic to
17th
century France. How did their different values affect
the art created in each culture?
 How does 17th
century Dutch art compare to that of 17th
century Italy? 17th
century Spain?
 How does 17th
century architecture in the Northern
European countries compare to the architecture of Baroque
Italy? Consider appearance, form, and function.

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Chapter20, Northern Europe 1600-1700

  • 1. 1 Chapter 20 Northern Europe, 1600 to 1700 Gardner’s Art Through the Ages, The Western Perspective 13e
  • 2. 2 Europe in the 17th Century
  • 3. 3 Goals • Recognize the distinctive characteristics of the Baroque style • Understand the diversity of cultures and artistic styles throughout Europe • Identify representative Baroque artists and their works • Identify representative Baroque architects and their works • Recognize the distinctive characteristics of the Rococo style • Identify representative Rococo artists and their works • Identify representative Rococo architects and their works • Recognize and cite artistic terminology from this period
  • 4. 4 20.1 Baroque Art Northern Europe • Recognize the distinctive characteristics of the Baroque style in Northern Europe (Holland, France, England) • Understand the diversity of cultures and artistic styles throughout Northern Europe • Identify representative Baroque artists and their works • Identify representative Baroque architects and their works • Recognize and cite artistic terminology from this period 
  • 5. 5 Figure 20-2 PETER PAUL RUBENS, Elevation of the Cross, from Saint Walburga, Antwerp, 1610. Oil on wood, 15’ 1 7/8” x 11’ 1 1/2” (center panel), 15' 1 7/8" x 4' 11" (each wing). Antwerp Cathedral, Antwerp.
  • 6. 6 Figure 20-3 PETER PAUL RUBENS, Arrival of Marie de’ Medici at Marseilles, 1622–1625. Oil on canvas, 12’ 11 1/2” x 9’ 7”. Louvre, Paris.
  • 7. 7 Figure 20-4 PETER PAUL RUBENS, Consequences of War, 1638–1639. Oil on canvas, 6’ 9” x 11’ 3 7/8”. Palazzo Pitti, Florence..
  • 8. 8 Figure 20-5 ANTHONY VAN DYCK, Charles I Dismounted, ca. 1635. Oil on canvas, 8’ x 11” x 6’ 11 1/2”. Louvre, Paris.
  • 9. 9 Figure 20-6 CLARA PEETERS, Still Life with Flowers, Goblet, Dried Fruit, and Pretzels, 1611. Oil on panel, 1’ 7 3/4” x 2’ 1 1/4”. Museo del Prado, Madrid.
  • 10. 10 Figure 20-7 HENDRICK TER BRUGGHEN, Calling of Saint Matthew, 1621. Oil on canvas, 3’ 4” x 4’ 6”. The Hague.
  • 11. 11 Figure 20-8 GERRIT VAN HONTHORST, Supper Party, 1620. Oil on canvas, 4’ 8” x 7’. Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence.
  • 12. 12 Figure 20-9 FRANS HALS, Archers of Saint Hadrian, ca. 1633. Oil on canvas, approx. 6’ 9” x 11’. Frans Halsmuseum, Haarlem.
  • 13. 13 Figure 20-10 FRANS HALS, The Women Regents of the Old Men’s Home at Haarlem, 1664. Oil on canvas, 5’ 7” x 8’ 2”. Frans Halsmuseum, Haarlem.
  • 14. 14 Figure 20-11 JUDITH LEYSTER, Self-Portrait, ca. 1630. Oil on canvas, 2’ 5 3/8” x 2’ 1 5/8”. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. (gift of Mr. and Mrs. Robert Woods Bliss).
  • 15. 15 Figure 20-12 REMBRANDT VAN RIJN, Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp, 1632. Oil on canvas, 5’ 3 3/4” x 7’ 1 1/4”. Mauritshuis, The Hague.
  • 16. 16 Figure 20-13 REMBRANDT VAN RIJN, The Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq (Night Watch), 1642. Oil on canvas (cropped from original size), 11’ 11” x 14’ 4”. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.
  • 17. 17 Figure 20-14 REMBRANDT VAN RIJN, Return of the Prodigal Son, ca. 1665. Oil on canvas, approx. 8’ 8” x 6’ 9”. Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg.
  • 18. 18 Figure 20-15 REMBRANDT VAN RIJN, Self-Portrait, ca. 1659–1660. Oil on canvas, approx. 3’ 8 3/4” x 3’ 1”. Kenwood House, London (Iveagh Bequest).
  • 19. 19 Figure 20-16 REMBRANDT VAN RIJN, Christ with the Sick around Him, Receiving the Children (Hundred Guilder Print), ca. 1649. Etching, 11” x 1’ 3 1/4”. Pierpont Morgan Library, New York.
  • 20. 20 Figure 20-17 AELBERT CUYP, A Distant View of Dordrecht, with a Milkmaid and Four Cows, and Other Figures, late 1640s. Oil on canvas, 5’ 1” x 6’ 4 7/8”. National Gallery, London.
  • 21. 21 Figure 20-18 JACOB VAN RUISDAEL, View of Haarlem from the Dunes at Overveen, ca. 1670. Oil on canvas, 1’ 10” x 2’ 1”. Mauritshuis, The Hague.
  • 22. 22 Figure 20-1 JAN VERMEER, Allegory of the Art of Painting, 1670–1675. Oil on canvas, 4’ 4” x 3’ 8”. Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna.
  • 23. 23 Figure 20-19 JAN VERMEER, The Letter, 1666. Oil on canvas, 1’ 5 1/4” x 1’ 3 1/4”. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.
  • 24. 24 Figure 20-20 JAN STEEN, The Feast of Saint Nicholas, ca. 1660–1665. Oil on canvas, 2’ 8 1/4” x 2’ 3 3/4”. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.
  • 25. 25 Figure 20-21 PIETER CLAESZ, Vanitas Still Life, 1630s. Oil on panel, 1’ 2” x 1’ 11 1/2”. Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Nuremberg.
  • 26. 26 Figure 20-22 WILLEM KALF, Still Life with a Late Ming Ginger Jar, 1669. Oil on canvas, 2’ 6” x 2’ 1 3/4”. Indianapolis Museum of Art, Indianapolis. (gift in commemoration of the 60th anniversary of the Art Association of Indianapolis, in memory of Daniel W. and Elizabeth C. Marmon).
  • 27. 27 Figure 20-23 RACHEL RUYSCH, Flower Still Life, after 1700. Oil on canvas, 2’ 5 3/4” x 1’ 11 7/8”. The Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo (purchased with funds from the Libbey Endowment, gift of Edward Drummond Libbey).
  • 28. 28 Figure 20-24 NICOLAS POUSSIN, Et in Arcadia Ego, ca. 1655. Oil on canvas, approx. 2’ 10” x 4’. Louvre, Paris.
  • 29. 29 Figure 20-25 NICOLAS POUSSIN, Burial of Phocion, 1648. Oil on canvas, 3’ 11” x 5’ 10”. Louvre, Paris.
  • 30. 30 Figure 20-26 CLAUDE LORRAIN, Landscape with Cattle and Peasants, 1629. Oil on canvas, 3’ 6” x 4’ 10 1/2”. Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia (George W. Elkins Collection).
  • 31. 31 Figure 20-27 LOUIS LE NAIN, Family of Country People, ca. 1640. Oil on canvas, 3’ 8” x 5’ 2”. Louvre, Paris.
  • 32. 32 Figure 20-28 JACQUES CALLOT, Hanging Tree, from the Miseries of War series, 1629–1633. Etching, 3 3/4” x 7 1/4”. Private collection.
  • 33. 33 Figure 20-29 GEORGES DE LA TOUR, Adoration of the Shepherds, 1645–1650. Oil on canvas, approx. 3’ 6” x 4’ 6”. Louvre, Paris.
  • 34. 34 Figure 20-30 HYACINTHE RIGAUD, Louis XIV, 1701. Oil on canvas, 9’ 2” x 6’ 3”. Louvre, Paris.
  • 35. 35 Figure 20-31 CLAUDE PERRAULT, LOUIS LE VAU, and CHARLES LE BRUN, east facade of the Louvre, Paris, France, 1667–1670.
  • 36. 36 Figure 20-32 Aerial view (looking west) of the palace and gardens, Versailles, France, begun 1669.
  • 37. 37 Figure 20-33 JULES HARDOUIN-MANSART and CHARLES LE BRUN, Galerie des Glaces (Hall of Mirrors), palace of Louis XIV, Versailles, France, ca. 1680.
  • 38. 38 Figure 20-34 FRANÇOIS GIRARDON and THOMAS REGNAUDIN, Apollo Attended by the Nymphs, Grotto of Thetis, Versailles, France, ca. 1666–1672. Marble, life-size.
  • 39. 39 Figure 20-35 JULES HARDOUIN- MANSART, Royal Chapel, with ceiling decorations by Antoine Coypel, palace of Louis XIV, Versailles, France, 1698–1710.
  • 40. 40 Figure 20-36 JULES HARDOUIN-MANSART, Église de Dôme, Church of the Invalides, Paris, France, 1676– 1706.
  • 41. 41 Figure 20-37 INIGO JONES, Banqueting House at Whitehall, London, England, 1619–1622.
  • 42. 42 Figure 20-38 SIR CHRISTOPHER WREN, new Saint Paul’s Cathedral, London, England, 1675–1710.
  • 43. 43 Discussion Questions  Compare the values of the 17th century Dutch Republic to 17th century France. How did their different values affect the art created in each culture?  How does 17th century Dutch art compare to that of 17th century Italy? 17th century Spain?  How does 17th century architecture in the Northern European countries compare to the architecture of Baroque Italy? Consider appearance, form, and function.