The document provides an overview of basic computer concepts including defining a computer as an electronic device that processes data according to stored instructions. It describes the typical components of a computer including input/output devices, the system unit, storage, and communications devices. It also discusses computer software, categories of computers, types of computer users, and applications of computers in society such as education, finance, and healthcare.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. Chapter 1 Objectives
Recognize the importance of
computer literacy
Define the term, computer
Identify the components
of a computer
Discuss the advantages and
disadvantages of using computers
Recognize the purpose of a network
Discuss the uses of the Internet and
World Wide Web
Distinguish between system software
and application software
Describe the categories of computers
Identify the elements of
an information system
Describe the various types
of computer users
Discuss various computer
applications in society
Next
3. A World of Computers
What is computer literacy?
p. 4-5 Fig. 1-1 Next
Knowledge and understanding
of computers and their uses
Computers are everywhere
4. How is a computer defined?
What Is a Computer?
p. 6
Produces and stores results
Next
Electronic device operating under the control of
instructions stored in its own memory
Processes data into
information
Data that is organized,
meaningful, and useful
Accepts data
Raw facts, figures, and
symbols
5. What Is a Computer?
What is the information processing cycle?
p. 6 Fig. 1-2 Next
Input
Process
Output
Storage
Communication
6. The Components of a Computer
What is an input device?
p. 7 Fig. 1-3
Hardware used
to enter data
and instructions
Next
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 1, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Input Devices
below Chapter 1
7. The Components of a Computer
What is an output device?
p. 7 - 8 Fig. 1-3
Hardware that
conveys
information
to one or more
people
Next
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 1, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Output Devices
below Chapter 1
8. The Components of a Computer
What is the system unit?
p. 7 - 8 Fig. 1-3 Next
Case that contains
the electronic
components of the
computer that are
used to process data
9. The Components of a Computer
What are two main components on the motherboard?
p. 8
Processor
Also called a Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The electronic component that interprets and carries
out the basic instructions that operate the computer
Next
Memory
Consists of electronic components that store
instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by
those instructions
10. The Components of a Computer
What is storage?
p. 8
Storage media
Physical material on which data, instructions,
and information are stored
Storage device
Records and retrieves items to and from
storage media
Next
Holds data, instructions, and information
for future use
11. The Components of a Computer
What is a USB flash drive?
p. 8 Next
Portable storage device
Small and lightweight enough
to be transported on a keychain
or in a pocket
The average USB flash drive
can hold about 500 million
characters
12. The Components of a Computer
What is a hard disk?
p. 8 Fig. 1-4 Next
Provides greater storage
capacity than a
USB flash drive
Most are housed inside
the system unit
13. The Components of a Computer
What is a compact disc?
p. 9 Fig. 1-5 Next
Flat, round, portable metal disc
CD-ROM
DVD-ROM
14. The Components of a Computer
What is a communications device?
Next
p. 9
Hardware component that
enables a computer to
send and receive data, instructions,
and information
Occurs over cables, telephone
lines, cellular radio networks,
satellites, and other
transmission media
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 1, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Communications
Devices below Chapter 1
15. Storage Communications
Advantages and Disadvantages
of Using Computers
p. 10
What are the advantages of using computers?
Speed Reliability
Next
Consistency
16. Impact on
Labor Force
Advantages and Disadvantages
of Using Computers
p. 10 - 11
What are the disadvantages of using computers?
Next
Violation of
Privacy
Health Risks
Public Safety
Impact on
Environment
17. Networks and the Internet
What is a network?
p. 11 Next
Collection of computers and devices connected together
Used to share
Resources
Hardware
devices Software
programs
Data
Saves
time
and
money
Information
18. Networks and the Internet
What is a server?
p. 11 Fig. 1-6 Next
A server controls
access to resources
on a network
Clients, or
workstations,
request resources
from the server
19. Networks and the Internet
What is the Internet?
p. 12 Fig. 1-7 Next
Worldwide collection of networks that connects
millions of businesses, government agencies, educational
institutions, and individuals
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 1, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Internet
below Chapter 1
20. Networks and the Internet
p. 12 - 13 Fig. 1-8
Why do users access the Internet?
2. Information
3. Shopping
4. Banking and Investing
5. Classes
6. Entertainment
Next
1. Communications
7. Download Music
8. Share Information
21. Networks and the Internet
What is the Web?
p. 12 - 14
A Web site is
a collection of
related Web pages
A Web page contains
text, graphics, audio,
video, and links to
other Web pages
You can share
information on a social
networking Web site or
a photo sharing
community
Next
Billions of documents, called Web pages, available to
anyone connected to the Internet
A blog consists of time-
stamped articles in
a journal format
A podcast is
recorded audio
stored on a Web site
that can be
downloaded
Click to view
Web Link,
click Chapter 1,
Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Social Networking Web
Sites below Chapter 1
22. Consists of a series
of instructions that
tells the computer
what to do and
how to do it
Computer Software
What is software?
p. 15 Next
Also called a
program
23. Computer Software
What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?
p. 15 Fig. 1-10 Next
Allows you to
interact with the
software using text,
graphics, and visual
images such as
icons
Controls how you
enter data and
instructions and
how the screen
displays
information
24. Computer Software
What is system software?
p. 15-16
Operating System (OS)
is a set of programs
that coordinates all
activities among
computer hardware
devices
Utility Programs allow the user to
perform maintenance-type tasks
usually related to managing a
computer, its devices or its programs
Next
Programs that control or maintain the operations of
the computer and its devices
26. Computer Software
What is application software?
p. 16 Fig. 1-11 Next
Presentation
Graphics
Spreadsheet
Database
Word
Processing
Programs designed to make
users more productive
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 1, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Application Software
below Chapter 1
27. Computer Software
How do you install and run programs?
p. 17 Fig. 1-12 Next
Step 1: INSTALL
When you insert a greeting
card program disc
in the CD drive for the first
time, the computer
begins the procedure of
installing the greeting
card program on the hard
disk.
Step 2: RUN
Once installed, you can
instruct the computer to run
the greeting card program.
The computer transfers
instructions from the hard
disk to memory.
Step 3: USE
The greeting card program
executes. Using this program,
you can create custom greeting
cards.
28. Computer Software
What is a programmer?
p. 18 Fig. 1-13 Next
Someone who develops
application or system
software
Programmer writes
the instructions to
direct the computer to
process data into
information
JavaScript
Web application
29. Categories of Computers
p. 19 Next
What are the categories of computers?
Personal Computers
(desktop)
Mobile Computers and
Mobile Devices
Game Consoles
Servers
Mainframes
Supercomputers
Embedded Computers
30. Personal Computers
What are the two most popular styles of personal
computers?
p. 19 Figs. 1-15–1-16 Next
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 1, Click
Web Link from left
navigation, then click Personal
Computers below Chapter 1
PC and compatibles
use the Windows
operating system
Apple Macintosh
usually uses the
Macintosh operating
system (Mac OS X)
31. Personal Computers
What is a desktop computer?
p. 19-20 Fig. 1-15 Next
Designed so all of the components fit entirely on
or under a desk or table
32. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What is a notebook computer?
p. 20 Fig. 1-17 Next
Portable, small enough
to fit on your lap
Also called a laptop
computer
Usually more expensive
than a desktop computer
with equal capabilities
33. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What is a Tablet PC?
p. 21 Fig. 1-18 Next
Especially useful for taking
notes
Resembles a letter-sized slate
Allows you to write on the
screen using a digital pen
34. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What are mobile devices?
p. 21 - 22 Next
Internet-enabled
telephone is a
“smart phone”
Small enough to
carry in a pocket
35. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What is a handheld computer?
p. 21 Fig. 1-19 Next
Used
by mobile
employees such as
meter readers and
delivery people
Small
enough to fit
in one
hand
36. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What is a personal digital assistant (PDA)?
p. 21 Fig. 1-20 Next
Provides personal organizer functions
Calendar
Appointment book
Address book
Calculator
Notepad
37. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What are smart phones?
p. 22 Fig. 1-21 Next
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 1, Click
Web Link from left
navigation, then click Smart
Phones below Chapter 1
A smart phone is
an Internet-enabled
telephone that usually
provides PDA capabilities
38. Game Consoles
What are game consoles?
p. 22 Fig. 1-22 Next
Mobile computing device designed for
single-player or multiplayer video games
39. Servers
What types of servers are there?
p. 23 Figs. 1-23 – 1-25
Mainframe Very powerful,
expensive computer that supports
thousands of connected users
Supercomputer The fastest, most
powerful, most expensive
computer. Used for applications
requiring complex mathematical
calculations
Next
A server controls access to network
resources and provides centralized
storage
40. Embedded Computers
What is an embedded computer?
A special-purpose computer that functions as a
component in a larger product
p. 24 Fig. 1-26 Next
41. Elements of an Information System
What are information system elements?
p. 25 Fig. 1-27 Next
Hardware
Software
Data
People
Procedures
42. Examples of Computer Usage
What software is available for a home user?
p. 26 Fig. 1-28
Next
Personal finance
management
Web access
Communications
Entertainment
Click to view Web Link, click
Chapter 1, Click Web Link from
left navigation, then click
Women in Technology below
Chapter 1
Click to view Web Link, click
Chapter 1, Click Web Link from
left navigation, then click
Minorities in Technology below
Chapter 1
43. Examples of Computer Usage
p. 28 Fig. 1-30
Productivity
software
Specialty
software
Web usage
E-mail
Next
What software is available for a small
office/home office (SOHO) user?
44. Hardware
Notebook computers
Tablet PCs
Internet-enabled PDAs
Smart phones
Examples of Computer Usage
What is available for
a mobile user?
p. 29 Fig. 1-31
Software
Word processing
Spreadsheet
Presentation graphics
software
Next
45. Examples of Computer Usage
What are the needs of a power user?
p. 29 Fig. 1-32 Next
Speed and large amounts of storage
Types of power users
Engineers
Scientists
Architects
Desktop publishers
Graphic artists
46. Examples of Computer Usage
What are the needs of the large business user?
p. 30 Figs. 1-33 Next
Payroll
Inventory
E-commerce
Desktop
publishing
47. Computer Applications in Society
What are some examples
of computer applications
in society?
p. 32-36 Figs. 1-36–1-43 Next
Education
Finance
Government
Health Care
Science
Publishing
Travel
Manufacturing
Click to view Web Link, click
Chapter 1, Click Web Link from
left navigation, then click
Handheld Navigation Devices
below Chapter 1
48. Summary of Introduction to Computers
Basic computer concepts
The term, computer
The components of a computer
The advantages and disadvantages of
using computers
The purpose of a network
The uses of the Internet
Computer software
Categories of computers
Types of computer users
Computer applications in society
Chapter 1 Complete