An input device enters data and instructions into a computer. Common input devices include keyboards, mice, digital cameras, and scanners. A keyboard allows text entry and is often divided into a typing area, numeric keypad, and function keys. Mice and other pointing devices like touchpads and trackballs allow users to control the pointer on the screen. Digital cameras and scanners can input images and text. Voice recognition and bar code scanners are also input methods that convert sounds and codes into digital data a computer can understand.
2. How is a computer defined?
What Is a Computer?
Produces and stores results
Next
An extremely fast electronic device operating under the control of
instructions stored in its own memory which processes data into useful
information.
Processes data into
information
Data that is organized,
meaningful, and useful
Accepts data
Raw facts, figures, and
symbols
3. Basic Characteristics of a Computer
Fast Electronic Device
Can remember information &
retain it future use
Programmable
6. Education
Students use software to
aid in learning and
completing assignments
Delivery of education may
come via computer
Many books come
equipped with educational
software as well.
7. Health Care
Computers are used to
maintain patient’s records
Computers monitor vital
signs
Computers assist with
research
There are many
computerized devices that
are implanted into
patients that allow them to
live longer
8. Travel
Aids in providing
directions
Provides emergency
services when pressing an
emergency button
Dispatches roadside
assistance
Tracks a vehicle if it is
stolen
Honk the horn for
assistance with location
9. Government
Most government offices
have websites for citizens
to access
Computers are able to file
taxes, store drivers
licenses, or apply for
certain permits
Government agency
employees use computers
in their daily activities
FBI posts criminal
information on its website
11. What Is a Computer?
What is the information processing cycle?
Next
Input
Process
Output
Storage
Communication
12. The Components of a Computer
What is an input device?
Hardware used
to enter data
and instructions
Next
_____
13. The Components of a Computer
What is an output device?
Hardware that
conveys
information
to a user
Next
______
14. The Components of a Computer
What is the system unit?
Next
Box-like case
containing
electronic
components
used to process
data
15. The Components of a Computer
What are two main components on the motherboard?
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Also called a microprocessor (ALU & control unit)
Carries out instructions that tell computer what to do
Next
Memory
Temporary holding place for data and instructions
16. The Components of a Computer
What is storage?
p. 1.06
Storage media
Physical material on which data, instructions,
and information are stored
Storage device
Records and retrieves items to and from
a storage medium
Next
Holds data, instructions, and information
for future use
17. The Components of a Computer
Storage media:
p. 7 Next
Floppy Disks
(older media)
Memory Cards
DVDs
(DVD-R, DVD-RW)
CDs
(CD-R, CD-RW)
Hard Disks
(up to 1 TB)
USB Flash Drives
18. Computer Input: What Is Input?
What is input?
p. 5.02 and 5.04 Fig. 5-1 Next
An Input device is
any hardware
component used
to enter data or
instructions
Keyboard, mouse,
stylus, scanner,
digital camera,
voice input
Data or instructions entered into the
memory of a computer
19. p. 5.3 Fig. 5-2
What Is Input?
What are two types
of input?
Data
A collection of
raw
unprocessed
facts, figures,
and symbols
Instructions
Programs
Commands
User responses
DATA
Bradley Kinkade 42 hours $12.50 per hour
hard disk
INSTRUCTIONS
20. What Is Input?
What are the two types of input?
p. 5.02 Fig. 5-2 Next
Unprocessed text,
numbers, images,
audio, and video
Instructions
Programs
Commands
User responses
Data
21. The Keyboard
How is the keyboard divided?
p. 5.04 Fig. 5-3 Next
Typing area
Numeric keypad
Function keys, special
keys that issue
commands
CD/DVD controls
Internet controls
Windows control keys
22. The Keyboard
What are other types of keyboards?
p. 5.06 Fig. 5-6 Next
Cordless keyboard is battery-powered
and transmits data using
wireless technology
Notebook and many
handheld computers
have built-in keyboards
23. The Keyboard
What is an ergonomic keyboard?
Next
Designed to minimize strain on hands and wrists
Ergonomics incorporates comfort, efficiency, and safety
into design of items in workplace
24. Mouse
What is a mouse?
Next
Pointing device that fits under palm of hand
Pointing device controls
movement of pointer, also
called mouse pointer
Mechanical mouse
has rubber or metal
ball on underside
mouse buttons
wheel
button
mouse pad
ball
25. Mouse
What is an optical mouse?
Next
No moving mechanical
parts inside
Senses light to detect
mouse’s movement
More precise than
mechanical mouse
Connects using a
cable, or wireless
26. Other Pointing Devices
What is a trackball?
p. 5.10 Fig. 5-12 Next
Stationary pointing device
with a ball on its top
To move pointer, rotate ball
with thumb, fingers, or palm
of hand
27. Other Pointing Devices
What are a touchpad and a
pointing stick?
Next
Touchpad is small, flat,
rectangular pointing device
sensitive to pressure and motion
Pointing stick is pointing device
shaped like pencil eraser
positioned between keys on
keyboard
Some computers have both.
28. Other Pointing Devices
What are a joystick and a wheel?
p. 5.11 Fig. 5-15 Next
Joystick is vertical
lever mounted
on a base
Wheel is
steering-wheel-type
input device
Pedal simulates
car brakes and
accelerator
29. Other Pointing Devices
What is a light pen?
Next
Handheld input device
that can detect light
Press light pen against
screen surface and then
press button on pen
Can be used in work
areas where employees’
hands may contain dirt,
grease, chemicals, etc.
30. Other Pointing Devices
What is a touch screen?
Next
Touch areas of screen with
finger
Often used with kiosks
A finger breaks the plane of
an electronic grid on the
screen to signal the touch
point.
31. Other Pointing Devices
What is a stylus?
Next
artist using pen
civil engineer using cursor
Looks like a ballpoint pen, but
uses pressure to write text and
draw lines
Used with graphics tablets,
flat electronic boards
Electronic signaturec—clegal
signature created using special
software, stylus, and graphics
tablet
32. Other Pointing Devices
Where is a stylus used?
Next
Digital pen for Tablet PC
Stylus for PDA
Pen for computer monitor
Some desktop computers
Many mobile computers
and devices
Handwriting recognition
software translates
handwriting into characters
that computer can process
33. Voice Input
How does voice recognition work?
Next
Step 2. An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) translates
sound waves into digital measurements computer can
process. Measurements include pitch, volume, silences, and
phonemes. Phonemes are sound units such as aw and guh.
10010111010110101100001101
Step 3. Software compares
spoken measurements with those
in its database to find a match or
list of possible matches.
Matches
Step 4. To narrow a list down, software presents user with
a list of choices or uses a natural language component to
predict most likely match. User may correct any selection
made by software.
Natural Language Engine
Step 1. A user dictates text into a microphone.
34. Voice Input
What is a MIDI (musical instrument
digital interface)?
Next
External device, such as
electronic piano keyboard, to
input music and sound effects
35. Input Devices for Mobile Users
What is a virtual keyboard?
Next
Projects infrared image
of keyboard onto any
flat surface
36. Digital Cameras
What is a digital camera?
Next
Allows you to take
digital pictures
Images viewable
immediately on
camera
Download to
computer via USB
cable connection
Post pictures
to Web sites
37. Digital Cameras
What is resolution?
Next
Sharpness and clarity of image
The higher the resolution, the better the image
quality, but the more expensive the camera
Pixel (picture element)
is single point in
electronic image
Greater the number of
pixels, the better the
image quality
38. Video Input
What is video input?
Next
Process of entering full-motion images
into computer
Video capture card is
adapter card that converts
analog video signal into
digital signal that
computer can use
Digital video (DV)
camera records video as
digital signals
39. Video Input
What are a PC video camera and a Web cam?
Next
PC video camerac—cDV camera used to capture video
and still images, and to make
video telephone calls on Internet
Also called PC camera
Web camc—cvideo camera
whose output displays on
a Web page
40. Scanners and Reading Devices
What is a scanner?
Next
Flatbed
Pen or
Handheld
Sheet-fed
Drum
Light-sensing device that
reads printed text and
graphics
Used for image processing,
converting paper documents
into electronic images
41. Scanners and Reading Devices
How does a flatbed scanner
work?
p. 5.25 Fig. 5-33 Next
Step 2. Bright light moves underneath
scanned document.
Step 3. Image of the document is
reflected into a series of mirrors.
Step 1. Document to be scanned is
placed face down on the glass window.
Step 6. Users can print image,
e-mail it, include it in a document,
or place it on a Web page.
Step 4. Light is
converted to analog
electrical current that
is converted to
digital signal by an
analog-to-digital
converter (ADC).
Step 5. Digital information is sent to
memory in the computer to be used by
illustration, desktop publishing, or
other software; or it is stored on disk.
42. Scanners and Reading Devices
What is an optical reader?
Next
Optical character recognition
(OCR) reads characters in
OCR font
Optical mark recognition
(OMR) reads hand-drawn pencil
marks, such as small circles
Bar code scanner
Device that uses light source to read characters, marks,
and codes and then converts them into digital data
43. Scanners and Reading Devices
What is a bar code scanner?
p. 5.27 Fig. 5-36 Next
Uses laser beams to read bar codes
44. Scanners and Reading Devices
What is a bar code?
p. 5.27 Fig. 5-37 Next
Identification code that consists of a set of vertical
lines and spaces of different widths
Universal Product
Code (UPC)
45. Scanners and Reading Devices
What are some widely used bar codes?
p. 5.28 Fig. 5-38 Next
46. What is a magnetic-ink character recognition
(MICR) reader?
Scanners and Reading Devices
p. 5.29 Fig. 5-39 Next
Can read text printed with magnetized ink
Banking industry almost exclusively uses MICR
for check
processing
47. Terminals
What is a point of sale (POS) terminal?
p. 5.30 Fig. 5-41 Next
Records purchases,
processes credit or debit
cards, and updates inventory
Swipe credit or debit card
through card readerc—creads
customer’s personal data
from magnetic strip
48. Terminals
What is an automatic teller machine (ATM)?
p. 5.31 Fig. 5-42 Next
Self-service banking machine that connects to host
computer through network
49. Biometric Input
What is biometrics?
p. 5.32 Fig. 5-45 Next
Authenticates person’s identity by
verifying personal characteristic
Fingerprint scanner captures
curves and indentations of
fingerprint
Hand geometry system measures
shape and size of person’s hand
50. Next
p. 6.2 Fig. 6-1
Computer Output: What is Output?
What is output?
Data that has been processed
into a useful form, called
information
A computer generates
several types of output Text
Audio
Video
Graphics
51. Next
What is Output?
What is text?
Consists of characters that create words, sentences,
and paragraphs
What is a graphic?
Also called a graphical image
A digital representation of
non-text information such as
a drawing, chart, and
photograph
52. Next
p. 6.3 Fig. 6-1
What is Output?
What is audio?
Music, speech, or any
other sound
What is video? Consists of full-
motion images
that are played
back a various
speeds
Most video also
has accompanying
audio
53. Next
What are Output Devices?
What is an output device?
Any hardware component that can convey information to a user
printer
monitor speakers
54. Next
p. 6.4
Display Devices
What is a display device?
Also called a display
An output device that
visually conveys text,
graphics, and video
information
55. Contains a cathode ray tube
(CRT), a large sealed, glass
screen
The screen is coated with tiny
dots of phosphor material
A pixel, or picture element, is a
single point in an electronic
image
Three dots (red, blue, and
green) combine to make up
each pixel
Next
p. 6.5 Fig. 6-3
Display Devices
What is a CRT monitor?
screen
CRT monitor
cathode ray tube
56. Next
p. 6.5
Display Devices
What are typical sizes for CRT monitors?
15, 17, 19, 21, and 22 inches
Monitor measured
diagonally from one
corner of the casing to
the other
The viewable size is the
diagonal measurement
of the actual viewing
area provided by the
monitor
57. Next
p. 6.5 Fig. 6-4
Display Devices
What is a liquid crystal display (LCD) monitor?
A type of flat-panel display
Uses liquid crystals between
two sheets of material to
present information on a
screen
An electric current passes
though the crystals which
creates the images on the
screen
58. Display Devices
What are some devices that have LCD screens?
p. 6.09 Fig. 6.10 Next
Notebooks
Tablet PCs
PDAs
Smart phones
Mobiles
59. Next
p. 6.6 Fig. 6-5
Display Devices
Where are some features of LCD screens?
Lightweight and compact
Consume less than one-
third of the power than
does a CRT monitor
Come in a variety of sizes
Ideal for notebook and
handheld computers
60. 800 x 600
typically the
standard
Next
p. 6.8
Display Devices
What is display resolution?
Describes the sharpness and clearness of an image
Resolution of a display device stated as dots, or pixels
1280 x 1024
maximum resolution
of most monitors
800
horizontal
pixels
600 vertical
pixels
Total of 480,000
pixels on screen
2048 x 1536
maximum for
high-end monitors
61. Step 1
Step 1
Step 2
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 1
Step 2
Step 4
Step 3
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 1
Next
p. 6.10 Fig. 6-10
Display Devices
How does video travel from
the processor to a CRT
monitor?
62. Next
p. 6.12 Fig. 6-14
Printers
What is a printer?
An output device that
produces text and
graphics on a physical
medium such as paper or
transparency film
A hard copy, or printout,
exists physically
Two orientations
portrait
orientation
landscape
orientation
63. Printers
What is a dot-matrix printer?
p. 6.14 Fig. 6-17 Next
Impact printer that produces printed images
when tiny wire pins strike ribbon
Impact printer forms
characters by striking
mechanism against inked
ribbon that contacts paper
64. Printers
What is a line printer?
p. 6.14 Fig. 6-18 Next
High-speed impact printer
that prints entire line
at a time
Speed measured in lines
per minute (lpm)
Band printer prints fully
formed characters using a
hammer mechanism
Shuttle-matrix printer is
high-speed printer that
works like dot-matrix
printer
65. Printers
What is an ink-jet printer?
p. 6.15 Fig. 6-19 Next
A type of nonimpact printer that
sprays tiny drops of liquid ink
onto paper
Nonimpact printer forms
characters and graphics without
striking paper
Prints in black-and-white or color
on a variety of paper types
66. Printers
What is the resolution of a printer?
p. 6.16 Fig. 6-20 Next
Sharpness and clarity
Measured by number of dots per inch (dpi) printer
can output
67. Printers
How does an ink-jet printer work?
p. 6.17 Fig. 6-21 Next
Step 1. A small
resistor heats the
ink, causing the
ink to boil and
form a vapor
bubble.
Step 2. The
vapor bubble
forces the ink
through the
nozzle.
Step 3. Ink
drops onto the
paper.
Step 4. As the vapor bubble
collapses, fresh ink is drawn into
the firing chamber.
Click to view Web Link,
then click Ink-Jet Printers
below Chapter 6
print cartridge
print head
nozzle
firing
chamber
nozzle
bubble
resistor
ink ink ink dot
paper
68. Printers
What is a photo printer?
p. 6.17 Fig. 6-22 Next
Step 2. Insert
media card into
card reader on
photo printer.
Step 3. Use menu to
select desired image to
print, view it on LCD
screen, edit if necessary,
select size of the print,
and then print image.
Step 4. Remove printed photo
from the printer.
Color printer that produces photo-lab-quality pictures
Click to view
Web Link, then
click Photo Printers
below Chapter 6
media cards
photo
printer
Click to view video
Step 1. Take photograph with
digital camera and store it on
media card in the camera.
media card
69. Printers
What is a laser printer?
p. 6.19 Fig. 6-23 Next
High-speed, high-quality
nonimpact printer
Click to view Web Link,
then click Laser Printers
below Chapter 6
Prints text and graphics in very
high-quality resolution,
ranging from 600 to 2,400 dpi
Typically costs more than
ink-jet printer, but is much
faster
70. Printers
How does a laser printer work?
p. 6.20 Fig. 6-24 Next
Step 1. After user sends an
instruction to print a document,
drum rotates as gears and rollers
feed sheet of paper into printer.
Step 3. Laser beam creates
a charge that causes toner to
stick to drum.
Step 4. As drum continues to
rotate and press against paper,
toner transfers from drum to
paper.
Step 5. Set of rollers
uses heat and pressure
to permanently fuse
toner to paper.
Step 2. Rotating mirror deflects
low-powered laser beam across
surface of drum.
71. Printers
What is a label printer?
p. 6.21 Fig. 6-27 Next
Small printer that prints on adhesive-type material
Postage printer has built-in digital scale and prints
postage stamps
Most also print bar codes
72. Printers
What is a plotter?
p. 6.22 Fig. 6-28 Next
Sophisticated printer used to produce high-quality
drawings
Large-format printer creates photo-realistic-quality
color prints
73. Printers
What is wireless printing?
p. 6.22 Fig. 6-29 Next
Output transmitted to printer wirelessly via infrared
light waves or radio waves
BluetoothTM printing uses radio waves
Devices need to be within 30-foot range
Click to view Web Link,
then click Wireless Printing
below Chapter 6
74. Speakers and Headsets
What is an audio output device?
p. 6.23 Figs. 6-30–6-31 Next
Computer component that produces music, speech, or
other sounds
Speakers and headsets are common devices
subwoofer
speakers
Click to view Web Link,
then click Speakers
and Headsets
below Chapter 6
75. Other Output Devices
What is a facsimile (fax) machine?
p. 6.25 Fig. 6-33 Next
Device that transmits and receives documents over
telephone lines
76. Other Output Devices
What is a fax modem?
p. 6.25 Fig. 6-34 Next
Modem that allows you to send and receive electronic
documents as faxes
external fax
modem
internal fax card
in system unit
fax machine
Click to view Web Link,
then click Fax Modems
below Chapter 6
77. Other Output Devices
What is a multifunction peripheral?
p. 6.26 Fig. 6-35 Next
Provides functionality
of printer, scanner,
copy machine, and
fax machine
Click to view Web Link,
then click Multifunction
Peripherals below Chapter 6
78. Other Output Devices
What is a data projector?
p. 6.26 Fig. 6-36 Next
Device that takes image
from computer screen
and projects it onto
larger screen