PPt on admin. culture

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SAFEGUARDING
THE ETHICAL
CONDUCT IN
ORGANIZATIONS
Administrative Culture
Presented by: Menchie B. Bufi

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LEARNING
OBJECTIVES:
1. Define Administrative Culture
2. Identify different faces of Administrative
Culture in the Philippine Government.

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ADMINISTRATIVE
CULTURE
-Is the system of shared assumptions,
values, and beliefs that govern how
people behave in organizations.

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Three major traits which highlight
Filipino behavior and decision-
making:
■ Personalism
■ Familism
■ Particularism/Popularism

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Different Faces of
Administrative
Culture

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The Culture of
Patronage
Refers to the political patronage that impedes the positive
institutionalization of the culture of merit in the bureaucracy.
• Nepotism or favoritism.
• Padrino (political backer)
• Politics of patronage.

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The Culture of
Bureaucratic
Mediocrity
Revolves around the principle and system of merit
competence.

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The Culture of
Bureaucratic
Ambiguity
Rooted in the multiciplity of conflicting laws, executive orders,
judicial decisions, etc. which result in unclear and constantly
changing policies and rules.

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REPUBLIC ACT No. 2260
AN ACT TO AMEND AND REVISE THE LAWS RELATIVE
TO PHILIPPINE CIVIL SERVICE
Title of Act. This Act shall be known as the Civil Service Act of
1959.
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6850
AN ACT TO GRANT CIVIL SERVICE ELIGIBILITY
UNDER CERTAIN CONDITIONS TO
GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES APPOINTED UNDER
PROVISIONAL OR TEMPORARY STATUS WHO
HAVE RENDERED A TOTAL OF SEVEN (7)
YEARS OF EFFICIENT SERVICE, AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES

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The Culture of Graft
and Corruption
It has historical roots and antecedents.
• Spanish period
• American period
• Marcos’ era
• Cory Aquino administration

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Spanish Period:
● could dispose of anything in it through any means that he
desired.
God Glory Gold

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American period:
● after the grant of independence, the administrative system was
placed under tremendous pressure making it vulnerable to graft
and corruption.
"An Act for the
Establishment and
Maintenance of
an Efficient and Honest
Civil Service in the
Philippine Islands.“
*Bureau of Civil Service
There were, in fact, some features
of the civil service law which may be
labeled as vestiges of Spanish
colonial practices. One of these
barred public officials from engaging
in private business, unless they first
obtained permission from the
governor-general. Many public
officials seemed to have taken
advantage of this provision, which
resulted in several instances of
scandal.
Another early provision was also
reminiscent of Spanish practices.
'This concerned. the position of
justices of the peace in the towns,
all of whom were Filipinos. Through
a curious oversight, they were not
paid salaries but were permitted to
collect fees for their services. 'this
group of officials became the
perpetrators of petty corruption,
Another group of public officials who
also committed petty graft were
civilians and discharged soldiers
who had entered the civil service
without any examination.

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Marcos’ Era:
● violations of the principle and system of merit and competence.
Cory Aquino administration:
● Filipino administrative cultures still exist.

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Cory Aquino administration:
Aquino government wanted to institutionalize the anti-graft and
corruption values in the bureaucracy, but:
1. There was no convincing political will nor iron hand in the
campaign to eradicate graft and corruption.
2. Corrupt officials were given a face-saving way out, so the "big
fishes" escaped the net.
3. The government was investigating but not taking visible direct
actions.

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Cory Aquino administration:
4. The grafters were still in place, even in high positions.
5. Graft and corruption cannot be eradicated because of utang-na-
loob and pakikisama.
6. Graft and corruption cannot be eradicated since it is part of
human nature.
• The counterculture against graft and corruption that the
Aquino administration suggested:
1. ethics and public accountability
2. openness and transparency

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THANK
YOU!

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REFERENCES:
Aufrecht, S., Rachtam, A., Pradhan, G. B. N., & Reforma, M. A. (1991). Traditional Thai Values and the Thai
Bureaucracy's Ability to Change. Public Management in the 1990s: Challenges and Opportunities (GBN
Pradhan and MA Reforma, eds.). Manila: Eastern Regional Organization for Public Administration.
https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/
https://www.slideshare.net/mylez/administrative-culture-in-the-philippine-bureaucracy
https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/colegio-de-san-gabriel-arcangel/bs-accountancy/report-on-ethics-
and-filipino-values/24697061
Varela, A.P. (1996). Administrative Culture and Political Change.
Retrieved from: https://www.pssc.org.ph/wp-content/pssc-
archives/Philippine%20Journal%20of%20Public%20Administration/1996/Num%203-
4/12_Administrative%20Culture%20and%20Political%20Change.pdf
https://www.pssc.org.ph/wp-content/pssc-archives/Philippine%20Journal%20of%20Public%20Administration/1979/Num%203-
4/06_Historical%20Notes%20on%20Graft%20and%20Corruption%20in%20the%20Phils..pdf