PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE - MODULE 1

1. MEANING OF
POLITICS,
GOVERNMENT
AND
GOVERNANCE
MELODY B. MAGTARAYO,
LPT​

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
• Explain the concept, relationship and
importance of politics, government and
governance.
• Clip photos showing political deeds; and
• Demonstrate patriotism in improving Philippine
politics by being a role model and a law
abiding citizen.

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What I know
Directions: Identify words or phrases associated with the
word “POLITICS”. Write your answer on the circle
provided.
POLITICS

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What’s in
TEXTWIZT CHALLENGE.
Arrange the jumbled letters into a word based on the
definition given in each item. Write your answers in your
notebook.
1.NANCEREVOG - The term used specifically to describe
changes in the nature and role of the state following the
public-sector reforms.
2.SCITILOP - The activities associated with the governance of
a country or other area, especially the debate or conflict
among individuals or parties having or hoping to achieve
power.

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What’s in
3. LOCIAS - relating to society or its
organization
4. MEGVERONNT - the governing body of a
nation, state, or community.
5. TANONI - a large body of people united
by common descent, history, culture, or
language, inhabiting a particular country or
territory.

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What is it
politics
• Comes from the Greek word
‘politika’ or affairs of the cities
(polis)
• Set of activities that are associated
with decision making in groups.
• Power relations between
individual
• Distribution resources or status

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What is it
politics
• The exercise of power, the
science of government, the
making of collective decisions,
the allocation of scarce
resources and the practice of
management and leadership.

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What is it
politics
• Politics is an activity that involves the interaction
of people whose relationship is characterized by
conflict and cooperation, and come together to
solve such disagreements through binding
solutions.‖ (Heywood, 2013, History of Politics)

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What is it
• Politics - denotes a social activity which underlies the
creation of maintenance and amendment of social norms and
rules. It is also the art and science of the government
concerning the realm of public affairs or the state.
• Governance - is the exercise of power/authority by political
leader for the well-being of their country‘s citizens or subject.
It also refers to the manner of steering/governing and or
directing and controlling a group of people or the state
POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE IN THE PHILIPPINES

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1. ORDER – is the central to the study of politics because it
shows different components of human society.
BASIC CONCEPT OF POLITICS
STRUCTURES OF ORDER
A. COMMUNITY – is one of social order which refers to the
association of individual who shares a common identity.
B. GOVERNMENT – is the higher level of social order that exist
primarily for the maintenance and perpetuation of the
community.
C. STATE – is the largest social order today and in which the
term politics originally derived.

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2. POWER – the main source of reign of the
Government and the possession to govern or rule
the state.
3. JUSTICE – the process of legalizing and
penalizing the abuse of political power and power
to rule. Justice is in effect if the government gives
what people need, protect and respect their
rights, and put the common good over and above
the personal interest of the leaders.

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• POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY – It is the traditional approach
in which the primary goal is to understand the essence
or the truth about politics.
• POLITICAL SCIENCE – It is the empirical/objective
approach in which it places little emphasis on abstract
and normative question and concentrates on a
dispassionate and objective of the realities of politics.
TWO APPROACHES TO THE STUDY
OF POLITICS

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• It includes the people, most specially the citizens
who will be aware of the need for good governance.
Consequently, such awareness should encourage
them to take action.
• For the achievement of continued empowerment and
sustainable development, they have to learn how to
fight for their rights through proper awareness on
how the Philippine Governance works.
WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF
STUDYING GOVERNANCE?

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• DECISION-MAKING - refers to the process by
which a person or group of persons, guided by
socio-political structures, arriving at a decision
involving their individual and communal needs
and wants.
• IMPLEMENTATION - is the process that logically
follows the decision.
PROCESSES AND ACTORS IN
GOVERNANCE

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• Their influence is felt more clearly in local governments, such
as organized crime syndicates and powerful families, and in
rural and urban areas.
• the actors are the cause of corruption, in that legitimate
government objectives are distorted by their illegal and private
interests.
• they manipulate government officials and agencies, and cause
widespread yet organized violence in the community
• In urban and rural areas, for example, the rich and powerful
families control the economy by controlling the local
government officials.
INFORMAL ACTORS AND BAD
GOVERNANCE

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INDICATORS OF GOOD GOVERNANCE
1. PARTICIPATION – is the active involvement of all
affected and interested parties in the decision-
making process. Participation is one of the strengths
of Philippine governance.
2. RULE OF LAW – in this indicator, democracy becomes
essential. It demands that the people and the civil
society render habitual obedience to the law. It also
demands that the government acts within the limits
of the powers and functions which are prescribed by
the law.

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3. EFFECTIVENESS AND EFFICIENCY – this indicator requires that
actors meet the needs of the society for effective governance. This
means that the valuable resources are utilized, without wasting or
underutilizing any of them.
4. TRANSPARENCY – this indicator means that people are open to
information regarding decision-making process and the
implementation of the same. In legal terms, it means that
information on matters of public concern are made available to the
citizens or those who will be directly affected.
5. RESPONSIVENESS - means that institutions and processes serve
all stakeholders in a timely and appropriate manner. It also means
that actors and structures of governance easily give genuine
expression to the will or desire of the people.

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6. EQUITY AND INCLUSIVENESS - means that all the members
of the society, especially the most vulnerable ones or the
grassroots level, must be taken into consideration in 7 policy-
making. Social equity, as an example, refers to a kind of justice
that gives more opportunity to the less fortunate members of
the society.
7. CONSENSUS ORIENTED - Governance is consensus oriented
when decisions are made after taking into consideration the
different viewpoints of the actors of the society.
8. ACCOUNTABILITY - means answerability or responsibility for
one‘s action. It is based on the principle that every person or
group is responsible for their actions most especially when
their acts affect public interest.

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What’s more
Performance task No. 1.1
CLIP A PHOTO
Directions: Cut at least 5 photos
from newspapers, books,
pamphlets, etc. which shows
involvement in political activities.
Create a caption of these photos.

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Direction: Create a
Schematic Diagram using
the following concepts of
politics: Community,
Government, State, Power,
and Justice
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What’s more
Performance task No. 1.2
Schematic diagram
Rubrics:
Organization 10 pts
Creativity 5 pts
Interpretation 5 pts
Total: 20 pts

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Deadline of Submission
Set B – September 23,
2022
Set A – September 30,
2022
Reminder!