Chapter 7: Ethnicity
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The document discusses several topics related to ethnicity and nationalism: 1. It examines ethnic groups in Rwanda like the Hutus and Tutsis and how European imperialism exacerbated tensions between them. 2. It analyzes patterns of ethnic clustering in the United States for groups like African Americans, Asian Americans, and Latino Americans. It also discusses historic migration patterns of African Americans. 3. It discusses the concept of apartheid in South Africa and how the white-ruled government forcibly segregated and classified ethnic groups. 4. It explores the relationship between ethnicity, nationality, and self-determination, and how the rise of nation-states in Europe contributed to tensions leading up to World Wars I and
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This document defines key terms related to race and ethnicity such as race, ethnicity, minority, and provides demographic data on the largest racial and ethnic groups in the United States. It discusses the social construction of race and examines theories of prejudice, discrimination, and patterns of intergroup relations such as segregation, assimilation, and pluralism. Racial groups like African Americans, Native Americans, Asian Americans and Hispanic Americans are overviewed in terms of their histories and current statuses.
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The document discusses the regional concentrations and clustering of different ethnic groups in the United States. It notes that African Americans are concentrated in the Southeast, Hispanics in the Southwest, Asian Americans in California and Hawaii, and Native Americans in the Southwest and Plains regions. It also discusses how ethnic groups cluster in particular cities and neighborhoods within cities.
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This document defines key terms related to race and ethnicity such as race, ethnicity, minority, and provides demographic data on the largest racial and ethnic groups in the United States. It discusses the social construction of race and examines theories of prejudice, discrimination, and patterns of intergroup relations such as segregation, assimilation, and pluralism. Racial groups like African Americans, Native Americans, Asian Americans and Hispanic Americans are overviewed in terms of their histories and current statuses.
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This document discusses the distribution of ethnic groups in the United States. It defines ethnicity and race, and identifies the four major ethnic groups in the US besides whites. These groups are clustered in certain areas of the country. Hispanic/Latino and Asian groups are also discussed. Ethnic groups tend to be more concentrated in cities. The document examines the historic migration patterns of African Americans and discusses concepts relating to the geography of race such as segregation, white flight, and blockbusting.
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Ethnicity refers to shared cultural traditions and ancestry that unite a group of people. An ethnic group is defined by common traits like language, religion, customs, and ancestry. Larger ethnic groups can be divided into smaller subgroups over time through isolation or intermarriage. Southeast Asia is home to many ethnic groups that have been influenced by Indian, Chinese, Islamic, and Western cultures due to the region's history of trade and colonization. The ethnic groups vary across Southeast Asian countries and include distinctions based on language, religion, and region. Gender roles also differ across cultures but generally assign males as active and dominant and females as passive and nurturing. [/SUMMARY]
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The Civil War was fought between the Northern and Southern states from 1861 to 1865 over the issues of slavery and states' rights. It had many devastating effects including the deaths of over 600,000 soldiers and the destruction of the Southern economy. A key outcome was the abolition of slavery and provision of citizenship and voting rights to African Americans through constitutional amendments. The war also established the supremacy of the federal government over the individual states.
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This document discusses several topics related to politics in the Middle East:
1) It provides a chronological overview of several major crises in Middle East history from 1946 to the present.
2) It explains why the Middle East is geopolitically significant due to its strategic location between Asia, Africa and Europe as well as its oil resources and proximity to the former Soviet Union.
3) It notes that religious conflicts and the potential for nuclear threats are ongoing issues in the region due to tensions between Israel and neighboring Arab countries as well as the conflict between Iran and the United States.
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The document provides an overview of key aspects of the US Constitution, including:
- The Constitution is the supreme law of the land and establishes how the government works and protects civil rights.
- It outlines the seven articles that make up the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government and relations among states. It also establishes the amendment process.
- The six basic principles of the Constitution are popular sovereignty, limited government, separation of powers, checks and balances, judicial review, and federalism.
- The first ten amendments are the Bill of Rights, which protect civil liberties like freedom of religion, speech, press, right to bear arms, due process, and rights in criminal proceedings.
American civil war
The document summarizes the key differences between the Northern and Southern states that contributed to the American Civil War, including their economies, populations, views on slavery, and political support. It also briefly outlines the secession of Southern states to form the Confederacy, the two opposing presidents, Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, and provides a high-level overview of the major battles and turning points in the first and second stages of the four-year war.
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The document discusses racism in the United States today. It defines racism and explores different perspectives on its meaning. While racism began as discrimination by whites against minorities, the document argues racism now affects all groups and defines it as "all cultures against all." It also discusses the prevalence of racist stereotypes according to studies and argues true racism is difficult to measure. The document concludes by advocating coming together to fight racism through understanding and integration across racial and cultural lines.
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This document discusses the differences between race and ethnicity. Race is based on biological characteristics like skin color and hair, while ethnicity is based on cultural characteristics like shared ancestry, culture, and place of origin. It also discusses myths about race, such as the idea that any race is superior. Minority groups experience unequal treatment compared to dominant groups. Prejudice is an attitude while discrimination is an action. Theories of prejudice include frustration-aggression and the authoritarian personality. Global patterns of intergroup relations include segregation, assimilation, and multiculturalism. The document then discusses race and ethnic relations in the US for various groups such as Europeans, Latinos, African Americans, Asian Americans, and Native Americans.
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The Harlem Renaissance was an artistic movement that took place in Harlem, New York in the 1920s-1930s. African American artists, writers, musicians and thinkers flourished in this period, creating works that explored themes of racial identity and black cultural heritage. Key figures included Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, Jacob Lawrence, Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong, and Billie Holiday, whose works in literature, visual art, music and jazz had a significant influence and helped redefine African American identity.
The Harlem Renaissance
The Harlem Renaissance was a black cultural movement that took place in Harlem, New York in the 1920s. Many African Americans migrated north to Harlem through the Great Migration to escape racial discrimination and a poor economy in the south. Harlem became known as the cultural capital of black America, spawning great works of literature, music, and art that celebrated black identity and promoted racial pride and unity. The Harlem Renaissance had a significant influence on culture in the United States but faced criticism for how black culture was sometimes exploited or exoticized for white entertainment.
Immigration 2012 2013
The document summarizes immigration trends and characteristics between 1880-1921. It shows that immigration to the US shifted from being majority northwestern European to majority southern and eastern European over this period. The new immigrants tended to be young, unskilled males from Catholic and Jewish backgrounds with little money or education. Push factors in Europe and pull factors in the US influenced immigration levels and destinations. Immigrants faced hardships but also gradually assimilated into American society, though nativism and restrictions on immigration increased over time.
Immigration 2012 2013
The document summarizes immigration trends and characteristics between 1880-1921. It shows that immigration to the US shifted from primarily being from Northwestern Europe in 1880 to predominantly Southern and Eastern Europe by 1910. The new immigrants were often young, unskilled males from Catholic and Jewish backgrounds. They faced push factors like poverty and persecution abroad, and pull factors like job opportunities and freedom in America. However, they also faced hardships and discrimination upon arrival. This led to increasing nativist and restrictive policies against immigrants in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Black History Month
Black History Month began as Negro History Week in 1926 to recognize African Americans' role in shaping US history. It is celebrated in February to honor the birthdays of Frederick Douglass, Abraham Lincoln, and Langston Hughes. Black History Month provides an opportunity to learn about the achievements and contributions of African Americans throughout history and their ongoing impact on American society.
The Melting Pot
The document summarizes the concept of the "melting pot" used to describe American immigration and the ideal of different ethnic groups assimilating into a unified American culture. However, in reality racism, cultural heterogeneity, intolerance, and segregation created divisions. Solutions proposed included Americanization to promote English and civic values while also accepting "hyphenated Americans" who maintain aspects of their ethnic identity.
From Enslavement to Freedom: Resources for Teaching the African American Expe...
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The ancient Greeks believed language, not physical characteristics, most distinguished them from "barbarians". They used the word "barbarian" to refer to those who did not speak Greek. In medieval Europe, Ethiopians were seen as saviors, not barbarians, because they were Christian allies against Muslim rule. Modern ideas of racial categories did not emerge until the late 18th century.
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Woodrow Wilson argued in 1918 that liberalism must become more radical and liberal than ever before to save civilization from chaos and ultra-radicalism flooding the world. Germany was forced to sign the War Guilt Clause after World War 1, taking full responsibility for starting the war and agreeing to pay $56 billion in reparations to the Allied forces.
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Chapter 7: Ethnicity
- 1. Chapter 7 Ethnicity PPT by Abe Goldman An Introduction to Human Geography The Cultural Landscape, 8e James M. Rubenstein
- 2. Refugees fleeing Rwanda 1994
- 8. African Americans in the U.S. The highest % of African Ameri.: Rural South Northern cities.
- 9. Latino/ Hispanic Americans in the U.S . Highest % of Hispanic Ameri. in the SW & in N. cities.
- 10. Asian Americans in the US Highest % of Asian Ameri.: in Hawaii & California.
- 11. Native Americans in the U.S. The highest % of Native Americans are in parts of the plains, the SW, & Alaska.
- 12. Ethnicities in Chicago: OLDER Data Afr. Americans, Hisp. Americans, Asian Americans, & Euro. Americans are clustered in different areas of the city.
- 13. Ethnicities in Chicago: Newer data African Amer., Hispanic (Latin) Amer., Asian Amer., & European Americans are clustered in different areas of the Notice: Less other ethnic areas left as divisions.
- 14. Ethnicities in Los Angeles Hispanic, white, African Amer., & Asian areas in & around LA.
- 16. British triangular slave trading system operated among Britain, Africa, & the Caribbean & N. America.
- 17. Slavery Source Areas: Europeans: Slaves mainly from the Western coast of Africa. Arabs & others: Also obtained slaves from Eastern Africa.
- 18. African American Migration in the US 1910-20’s & 1940-50’s 20 th century Great African American Migration w/in U.S. consisted mainly of migration from the rural S. to NE cities, Midwest, & West.
- 21. Diagram of a Slave Ship
- 22. Cotton Sharecroppers in U.S.
- 23. African Americans in Baltimore Areas w/ 90% African Amer. population in Baltimore expanded from a core area NW of downtown in the 1950s .
- 26. Segregation in the U.S.
- 28. Black “Homelands” in South Africa During the apartheid era , South Africa created a series of black “homelands” w/ the expectation that every black would be a citizen of one of them. These were abolished w/ the end of apartheid.
- 29. Train Station Stairs for Blacks & Whites in South Africa under Apartheid
- 37. Republics of the Soviet Union The Soviet Union (USSR) consisted of 15 republics that included the country’s largest ethnic groups. These all became independent countries in the early 1990s.
- 38. Ethnic Groups in Russia : Russia officially recognizes 39 ethnic groups (nationalities); concentrated in western & southern regions.
- 39. Russian Soldiers in Chechnya The Russian army has occupied & destroyed much of Chechnya in suppressing Chechen rebel groups.
- 41. Ethnic Division of South Asia 1947 Brit. India gained independence & was divided into India & E/W Pakistan, resulting in the migration of 17 million ppl & many killings. In 1971, after a brutal civil war, E. Pak. became Bangladesh
- 43. Jammu & Kashmir Although its population is mainly Muslim, much of Jammu & Kashmir became part of India in 1947. India & Pakistan fought 2 wars over it, & there has been a separatist insurgency in the area.
- 44. Ethnicities in the Caucasus The Caucasus region is extremely diverse ethnically. Ethnic groups are spread across several national boundaries.
- 45. Kurdish Refugees from Iraq, 1991 Many Kurds fled Iraq after the 1991 Persian Gulf War when Saddam Hussein’s armed forces attacked Kurdish regions in northern Iraq.
- 46. Ethnicity in the Horn of Africa There have been numerous Interethnic civil conflicts in the Countries of the Horn of Africa (including the Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, & Somalia).
- 47. Ethnicities in Lebanon Christian, Sunni Muslims, Shiite Muslims, & Druze are dominant in different areas of the country.
- 49. Sinhalese &Tamils in Sri Lanka Sinhalese are mainly Buddhist & speak an Indo-European language, while the Tamils are mainly Hindu & speak a Dravidian language.
- 51. Forced Migrations after WW II Territorial changes after World War II resulted in many migrations, especially by Poles, Germans, & Russians.
- 52. Former USSR
- 58. Ethnicities in Africa The boundaries of African states do not ( and cannot ) coincide with the thousands of ethnic groups on the continent.
- 66. Languages in SE Europe Some new states created, & boundaries were shifted after WWI & WWII. New state boundaries often coincided w/ language areas.
- 67. The Balkans in 1914 The northern part of the Balkans was part of Austria- Hungary in 1914, while Much of the south was part of the Ottoman Empire. The country of Yugoslavia was created after WWI.
- 68. Ethnic Regions in Yugoslavia: The Troubled Balkan Region Yugoslavia’s 6 republics til 1992 included much ethnic diversity. Brutal ethnic cleansing occurred in Bosnia, Croatia, & Kosovo during the civil wars of the 1990s.
- 69. Ethnic Cleansing in Kosovo: Aerial photos helped document the stages of ethnic cleansing in W Kosovo in 1999.