art and architecture of bidhism

1. Buddhism
GROUP MEMBERS
MUHAMMAD RAZA -013
SAHIL RAZA -015
YUMNA ALI -018
BASIT NOOR -021

3. What is Buddhism?
• The teaching founded by the Buddha is known, in English, as Buddhism. ... A
Buddha is one who has attained Bodhi; and by Bodhi is meant wisdom, an
ideal state of intellectual and ethical perfection which can be achieved by man
through purely human means. The term Buddha literally means enlightened
one, a knower.
• Developed in India 2500 years ago.
• Based on many of core concepts of Hinduism.
• Siddharta Gotama known as Buddha was himself awakened (englightened) at
the age of 35.

4. Siddhartha Gotama
• Founder of Buddhism, originally a
Hindu in upperclass.
• Born in Lumbini now located in Nepal
in 563 BC.
• At age 29, explored teachings, religions
and philosophies.
• Found the ‘middle path’ and was
enlightened.
• After enlightenment spent rest of his
life teaching principles of Buddhism,
called Dhamma or Truth.
• Spread from India into East and SE Asia.

6. Four Noble Truths
• Everything in life is suffering and sorrow.
• The cause of all pain is people’s cravings and
desires.
• The way to end all pain is too end all desires.
• People can overcome desires and attain
engligtenment by following the Eightfold Path.

7. Eightfold Path
1. Eight knowledge
2. Right purpose
3. Right speech
4. Right action
5. Right living
6. Right effort
7. Right mindfulness
8. Right meditation
By following the Eightfold path, anyone
could attain Nirvana– which was the
release from all pain and suffering.

8. • Young men leave their families to become monks dedicated to
the Eightfold Path and achieving enlightenment and eventually
nirvana.

9. Is Buddhism Scientific?
• Science is knowledge which can be made into a system, which depends upon
seeing and testing facts and stating general natural laws.
The core of Buddhism fit into this definition, because the Four Noble truths
can be tested and proven by anyone in fact the Buddha himself asked his
followers to test the teaching rather than accept his word as true.
Buddhism depends more on understanding than faith.
• Buddhist teachings & beliefs were recorded in a collection called the
Tripitaka.
Wheel of Life

10. Contribution of King Asoka
In the 3rd century B.C.E., several ambitious leaders
built
the expansive Mauryan empire and many bloody
battles were fought to extend its boundaries of
control. One king, named Ashoka, was so troubled by
the effects of the conquests on humanity that he
converted to Buddhism. Adopting a code of
nonviolence, he incorporated
principles of Buddhism in his ruling practices.
Ashoka promoted Buddhist expansion by sending
monks to surrounding territories to share the
teachings of the Buddha. A wave of conversion began,
and Buddhism spread not only through India, but also
internationally. Ceylon, Burma, Nepal, Tibet, central
Asia, China, and Japan are just some of the regions
where the Middle Path was widely accepted.
Today there are approximately 350 million Buddhists
in the world.

12. Divisions/Schools of Buddhism
• Theravada – the most ancient form of Buddhism, is the dominant school in
Southeast Asia (Thailand, Myanmar/Burma, Cambodia, and Laos). By studying
these ancient texts, meditating, and following the eightfold path, Theravada
Buddhists believe they will achieve Enlightenment. Strong emphasis is also
placed on the monastic community and on heeding the advice of the wise.
• Mahayana – Mahayana Buddhism developed out of the Theravada tradition
roughly 500 years after the Buddha attained Enlightenment. A number of
individual schools and traditions have formed under the banner of Mahayana,
including Zen Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism, Pure Land Buddhism, and Tantric
Buddhism. Mahayana Buddhism focuses on the idea of compassion which are
beings that work out of compassion to liberate other sentient beings from
their suffering, as central devotional figures. Found in China, Japan, Korea and
Vietnam.

14. • Vajrayana - last of the three ancient forms to develop, and
provides a quicker path to Enlightenment than either the
Theravada or Mahayana schools. They believe that the
physical has an effect on the spiritual and that the
spiritual, in turn, affects the physical. Vajrayana Buddhists
encourage rituals, chanting, and tantra techniques, along
with a fundamental understanding of Theravada and
Mahayana schools, as the way to attain Enlightenment.
Found in Tibet, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan and Mongolia.
• Zen Buddhism is said to have originated in China with the
teachings of the monk Bodhidharma. Zen Buddhism
treats zazen meditation and daily practice as essential for
attaining Enlightenment, and deemphasizes the rigorous
study of scripture. Mostly in Japan.

16. Main Beliefs:
• They do not believe in god.
• They believed that by following the teachings of the Buddha
they will find peace.
• The Buddha found ways to overcome the imperfectness.
• They meditate.
• They believe that the Buddha was human.

17. Belief: WORDS.
• Anatta: The belief that there is nothing called a
soul.
• Anicca: Impermanence, the belief that nothing
lasts.
• Duhka: Suffering and everything that is
unsatisfactory.
• Karma: Actions that effect future lives.

18. Monasticism (Cult)
• Monastic Life (Burma and Thailand) Young men spend
several months in a monastery Initiation includes a
ceremony where their heads are shaved and new names
are given Yellow robes and begging bowls are also given
at this time A man will not marry until he has served as a
monk (initiation into adulthood) and may return to this life
when he is older Monks and nuns may choose re-enter
society at any time

19. Timeline and buildings

20. Timeline

21. Japan timeline

22. World timeline

23. PAGODA
• Vietnamese pagodas Chinese pagodas Japanese pagodas
Buddhist temples and stupas of Imperial China, and
architectural elements in the People's Republic of China.
Pagodas are quintessential ly Buddhist and an important
component of Japanese Buddhist temple compounds
• Examples Dâu Pagoda, Giác Lâm Pagoda, Hoằng Phúc
Pagoda, Quan Âm Pagoda, Ho Chi Minh City

24. • A pagoda is a tiered tower with multiple eaves
• Most pagodas were built to have a religious function, most
commonly Buddhist, and were often located in or near
viharas.
• In some countries, the term may refer to other religious
structures.
• pagoda is not an accurate word to describe a Buddhist vihara.
• The modern pagoda is an evolution of the Ancient Nepal
stupa, a tomb-like structure where sacred relics could be kept
safe and venerated.
• The architectural structure of the stupa has spread across Asia

25. ARCHITECTURE
• Pagodas attract lightning strikes because of their height.
• Many pagodas have a decorated finial at the top.
• Also Pagodas come in many different sizes some may be small
and others may be large.
• The pagodas in Burma, Thailand, Laos and Cambodia are very
different from Chinese and Japanese pagodas.
• Pagodas in those countries are derived from Nepali stupas,
and are commonly built with cement, concrete and bricks

27. Japan

28. Religious Building
• Kinkaku-Ji (Temple of the Golden
Pavilion)

29. Informations
• Location: Kyoto,Japan Religion
• Zen Buddhist Temple Zen Buddhism is a mixture of Indian
Mahayana Buddhism and Taoism. It began in China, spread
to Korea and Japan, and became very popular in the West
from the mid 20th century. The essence of Zen is
attempting to understand the meaning of life directly,
without being misled by logical thought or language

30. History
• The pavilion was originally built as a retirement villa for
Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu in the late 14th century. It was
converted into a Zen temple by his son. Unfortunately, the
pavilion was burnt down in 1950 by a young monk who had
become obsessed with it. Five years later, the temple was
rebuilt as an exact copy of the original. Today,Kinkaku-Ji has
become one of the most popular tourist attraction in Kyoto.

31. • Pond-host to Kinkaku-Ji,which seems to float in the middle of
the water like a magic boat.In fact,the pavilion was designed to
be appreciated from the water,and boating parties were
usually held here.

32. • The golden pavilion is a
three-storey building of
rather small proportions,
inspired by temples of
southern China. The
Kinkaku ji has successfully
merged three different
architectural styles.

33. • First floor-Chambers of water(Imperial palace style) It creates
a contrast between the earthly and the celestial. It is basically
a large room covered by a peripheral rail. Its wall is also
divided into two parts. Walls are made of shutters-to allow a
certain amount of light and air enter the building.

34. • 2nd floor-Tower of Wind
Waves(Samurai Style). It is formed
by an enclosed room,with a sliding
screens, removable windows and
with a peripheral railing. It is
covered by gold.
• Third floor-Kukkyoo-choo(Zen
Style). It contains a triad of Buddhas
and 25 Bodhisattva figurines. Holy
room. Covered by gold.

35. • Third floor is crowned with an image of phoenix on the top of
the roof.It is a symbolic creatures in Zen’s culture. Made by
steel.It’s a steel phoenix.

36. china

37. BUDDHISM IN CHINA.
• Buddhism was introduced to China
from India around the first century
AD, since the fourth century AD, it
was widely spread and gradually
became the most influential religion
in China.
• Because of varied introduction time
and channel as well as regional,
historic and social backgrounds,
Buddhism in China is divided into
three branches, namely Chinese
Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism and
Pali Buddhism.

38. GREAT WALL OF CHINA
The Great Wall of China is a series of
stone and earthen fortifications built by
a number of emperors to protect the
northern borders against nomadic tribes.
TEMPLE OF HEAVEN
Temple of Heaven is not a single
building but a complex located in the
southern end of central Beijing. The
temple was used by the emperor to
make offerings to the heaven and to
prey for a good harvest.

39. SUMMER PALACE
Situated 13 Km northwest of central
Beijing, the Summer Palace is one of the
largest, best preserved, and most
interesting royal gardens in the world
QIN LING TOMB
The Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor.
This mausoleum was constructed over 38
years, from 246 to 208 BCE, and is
situated underneath a 76-meter-tall
tomb mound. • A terracotta army guards
the complex.

40. INDIA

41. • The basic plan of the Buddhist
temple is established: an entrance
area with a square or rectangular
central Courtyard covered hall or
open courtyard.
• The outward structure is modelled
on the key concept of Mt Meru.
• The basic floor plan is seen in the
early cave monasteries (with
meditation cells added) and the
structural form in the Mahabodhi
temple and Borobudur
stupa.Entrance AreaBASIC PLAN

42. SANCHI STUPA - TORANA
The first Torana gateway to be built is the one at
the principal entrance on the South.
• Each gateway has two square pillars.
• Crowning each pillar on all four sides are four
elephants, four lions and four dwarfs.
• The four dwarfs support a superstructure of
three architraves or carved panels one above
the other.
• Between these are intricately carved
elephants and riders on horseback.
• The lowest architrave is supported on
exquisitely carved bracket figures.
• The panels are decorated with finely carved
figures of men, women, yakshas, lions and
elephants.
• The entire panel of the gateways is covered
with sculptured scenes .

45. Modern Buddhism

46. • Difference between modern and Traditional Buddhism?
• Key thing to understand is
that Buddhism is philosophical
system/faith that adapts to any
and every society it is spread to.

47. Traditional Buddhism:
• Not a religion
• Search for inner self
• Left their family and
become Monk
Modern Buddhism:
• Religion
• Daily Life
• Live with Family

48. Modern Buddhist Architecture:
• In the past, the temple was the center of communities
• Unlike, nowadays, going to temple is optional because the
center of community is in commercial area.
• Contemporary people hardly understand the aim of the old
tradition and also the aim of Buddhism.
• Architectural design of temple has been developed from
old style of temple. Therefore, the Buddhist main idea stays
unchanged and should be maintained through new
designed form, which is able to respond to contemporary
lifestyle, motivating people to participate.

49. Portland Japanese Garden:
• Design for Portland’s
Japanese Garden
• Designed with
classrooms, multipurpose
spaces, a library and
tearoom, the project will
frame a large stone
courtyard around the
Japanese tradition of
monzenmachi.

51. WHITE TEMPLE:
• Designed as a sacred
space for honoring
maternal ancestors
• The temple was
formed around light
and the sensation of
floating.

53. thank you