The document discusses network layer protocols and routing. It provides an overview of network layer protocols like IPv4 and IPv6, and explains how routers use routing tables to determine the path for forwarding packets between networks. Key concepts covered include addressing, encapsulation, routing, and de-encapsulation performed by the network layer, as well as the components and functions of routers.
CCNA 1 Routing and Switching v5.0 Chapter 6Nil Menon
This document provides an overview of network layer protocols and routing. It discusses how network layer protocols like IP address devices and enable end-to-end transport of data across networks. Routers maintain routing tables to determine the best path between networks and enable connectivity. The document reviews IPv4 and IPv6 packet structures and addresses limitations of IPv4. It also examines how hosts and routers use routing tables to make packet forwarding decisions and describes basic router configurations.
CCNA 2 Routing and Switching v5.0 Chapter 5Nil Menon
This document discusses inter-VLAN routing and layer 3 switching. It describes the different options for enabling inter-VLAN routing including legacy routing, router-on-a-stick, and layer 3 switching. It provides instructions for configuring each method and troubleshooting common issues like incorrect switch port configurations, IP addressing errors, and VLAN mismatches. Layer 3 switching allows high-performance switches to perform routing internally at wire speed.
This document provides an overview of the contents of the Sybex CCNA certification course. It outlines topics covered like TCP/IP fundamentals, routing, switching, VLANs, and security. It also describes the chapters and objectives, including internetworking basics, layered models, the OSI model, Ethernet networking, and data encapsulation. Cisco's three-layer model is introduced along with examples of switches, hubs, and cabling in a network. Review questions assess understanding of broadcast domains, collision domains, and simultaneous host transmissions.
The document describes the Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) Routing and Switching composite exam, including the topics covered, their weightings, and examples of items assessed. The exam focuses on network fundamentals, LAN switching technologies, IPv4 and IPv6 routing technologies, WAN technologies, infrastructure services, infrastructure security, and infrastructure management. It provides detailed breakdowns of the content assessed within each of these areas.
CCNA 2 Routing and Switching v5.0 Chapter 3Nil Menon
This document discusses VLANs and trunking. It covers VLAN segmentation and implementation, including assigning ports to VLANs, configuring trunk ports, and troubleshooting VLAN and trunking issues. It also addresses VLAN security concerns like spoofing attacks and mitigation techniques like private VLANs. The document provides best practices for VLAN design such as separating management and user traffic into different VLANs.
This document provides an overview and configuration guidance for Cisco's CCNA Switching certification course. It covers topics like high availability campus network design, spanning tree protocol operations and configurations, rapid PVST+, and troubleshooting techniques. The agenda includes discussions of STP variants, operations, port states, timers, and features to optimize convergence like PortFast, UplinkFast, BackboneFast, and root guard.
CCNA 1 Routing and Switching v5.0 Chapter 6Nil Menon
This document provides an overview of network layer protocols and routing. It discusses how network layer protocols like IP address devices and enable end-to-end transport of data across networks. Routers maintain routing tables to determine the best path between networks and enable connectivity. The document reviews IPv4 and IPv6 packet structures and addresses limitations of IPv4. It also examines how hosts and routers use routing tables to make packet forwarding decisions and describes basic router configurations.
CCNA 2 Routing and Switching v5.0 Chapter 5Nil Menon
This document discusses inter-VLAN routing and layer 3 switching. It describes the different options for enabling inter-VLAN routing including legacy routing, router-on-a-stick, and layer 3 switching. It provides instructions for configuring each method and troubleshooting common issues like incorrect switch port configurations, IP addressing errors, and VLAN mismatches. Layer 3 switching allows high-performance switches to perform routing internally at wire speed.
This document provides an overview of the contents of the Sybex CCNA certification course. It outlines topics covered like TCP/IP fundamentals, routing, switching, VLANs, and security. It also describes the chapters and objectives, including internetworking basics, layered models, the OSI model, Ethernet networking, and data encapsulation. Cisco's three-layer model is introduced along with examples of switches, hubs, and cabling in a network. Review questions assess understanding of broadcast domains, collision domains, and simultaneous host transmissions.
The document describes the Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) Routing and Switching composite exam, including the topics covered, their weightings, and examples of items assessed. The exam focuses on network fundamentals, LAN switching technologies, IPv4 and IPv6 routing technologies, WAN technologies, infrastructure services, infrastructure security, and infrastructure management. It provides detailed breakdowns of the content assessed within each of these areas.
CCNA 2 Routing and Switching v5.0 Chapter 3Nil Menon
This document discusses VLANs and trunking. It covers VLAN segmentation and implementation, including assigning ports to VLANs, configuring trunk ports, and troubleshooting VLAN and trunking issues. It also addresses VLAN security concerns like spoofing attacks and mitigation techniques like private VLANs. The document provides best practices for VLAN design such as separating management and user traffic into different VLANs.
This document provides an overview and configuration guidance for Cisco's CCNA Switching certification course. It covers topics like high availability campus network design, spanning tree protocol operations and configurations, rapid PVST+, and troubleshooting techniques. The agenda includes discussions of STP variants, operations, port states, timers, and features to optimize convergence like PortFast, UplinkFast, BackboneFast, and root guard.
CCNA 2 Routing and Switching v5.0 Chapter 7Nil Menon
This document discusses dynamic routing protocols and provides an overview of how they operate. It explains that dynamic routing protocols automatically share information about remote networks to determine the best path. The document compares static and dynamic routing, and outlines the basic process by which routers using dynamic routing protocols like RIP discover networks, exchange routing information, and update their routing tables. Objectives of the chapter are also listed, such as explaining dynamic routing operation and configuring RIP and OSPF protocols.
CCNA 1 Routing and Switching v5.0 Chapter 8Nil Menon
This document chapter discusses IP addressing and provides objectives for learning about IPv4 and IPv6 addressing structures, types of addresses, and network connectivity testing tools. Specifically, it will cover the binary and decimal structures of IPv4 addresses, subnet masks and how they define the network and host portions of an IP, the different types of IPv4 unicast, broadcast and multicast addressing, public vs private IP address spaces, the motivation and features of IPv6, and how to configure and test basic IPv4 and IPv6 connectivity.
This document discusses the configuration and operation of single-area OSPF routing. It begins with an overview of OSPF components and operations, including the use of link-state advertisements to exchange routing information. It then covers topics like configuring OSPF such as setting costs, passive interfaces, and area types. Verification techniques are provided like checking neighbors, routes, and protocol settings. OSPFv3 is also summarized, noting the similarities to and differences from OSPFv2 in areas like interface configuration and address types.
1) Explain the basic operation of dynamic routing protocols.
2) Compare and contrast dynamic and static routing.
3) Determine which networks are available during an initial network discovery phase.
4) Define the different categories of routing protocols.
5) Describe the process by which distance vector routing protocols learn about other networks.
6) Identify the types of distance-vector routing protocols.
7) Configure the RIP routing protocol.
8) Configure the RIPng routing protocol.
9) Explain the process by which link-state routing protocols learn about other networks.
10) Describe the information sent in a link-state update.
11) Describe advantages and disadvantages of using link-state routing protocols.
12) Identify protocols that use the link-state routing process. (OSPF, IS-IS)
13) Determine the route source, administrative distance, and metric for a given route.
14) Explain the concept of a parent/child relationship in a dynamically built routing table.
15) Compare the IPv4 classless route lookup process and the IPv6 lookup process.
16) Analyze a routing table to determine which route will be used to forward a packet.
CCNA 1 Routing and Switching v5.0 Chapter 4Nil Menon
This document discusses network access and connectivity at the physical and data link layers. It covers various physical media including copper, fiber optic and wireless technologies. Frame structure and data link layer protocols are explained. Media access control methods for local area and wide area networks are also summarized. The objectives are to understand device connectivity options, physical and data link layer standards and protocols, and selecting the appropriate physical media.
CCNA 1 Routing and Switching v5.0 Chapter 9Nil Menon
This chapter discusses subnetting and IP addressing. It covers subnetting IPv4 and IPv6 networks to segment large networks into smaller subnetworks for improved routing and performance. Variable length subnet masking (VLSM) allows more efficient use of addresses by allocating different subnet mask lengths. The chapter also addresses planning and designing addressing schemes, including considerations for network requirements and structured allocation of addresses.
This document is from a Cisco training course on DHCP. It covers DHCPv4 and DHCPv6. For DHCPv4, it explains how DHCPv4 operates, how to configure a router as a DHCPv4 server and client, and how to troubleshoot DHCPv4 configurations. For DHCPv6, it describes stateless address autoconfiguration (SLAAC) and how to configure stateless and stateful DHCPv6 servers and clients, as well as troubleshooting DHCPv6 configurations. The objectives are to understand the operations of DHCPv4 and DHCPv6, and configure and troubleshoot DHCP servers, clients, and relay agents for IPv4 and IPv6 networks.
CCNA 1 Routing and Switching v5.0 Chapter 7Nil Menon
This document summarizes a chapter about the transport layer in computer networking. It describes the purpose of the transport layer in managing data transportation between applications. It discusses the two main transport layer protocols, TCP and UDP, including how TCP provides reliable connections while UDP is unreliable but lower overhead. It also covers topics like port numbers, TCP handshake and flow control, and when different applications typically use TCP or UDP.
CCNA 2 Routing and Switching v5.0 Chapter 8Nil Menon
The document discusses the configuration and operation of single-area OSPF routing. It covers OSPF concepts like link-state routing, neighbor adjacencies, designated routers, flooding LSAs, and SPF calculations. It also compares OSPFv2 to OSPFv3, describing how OSPFv3 uses link-local addresses and interfaces are enabled directly instead of using network statements. The document provides instructions for configuring OSPFv2 and OSPFv3 on Cisco routers as well as commands for verifying their operation and settings.
This document provides instructor materials for a chapter on static routing. The chapter objectives are to explain static routing concepts, configure static and default routes, and troubleshoot static route issues. Static routes are manually configured without a routing protocol. They provide security, use fewer resources than dynamic routing, and are useful for small networks or stub networks with a single connection. The document covers configuring standard static routes, default routes, summary routes, and floating routes in IPv4 and IPv6 along with verifying the configurations. Troubleshooting tips include using ping, traceroute, and checking the routing table.
CCNA 2 Routing and Switching v5.0 Chapter 10Nil Menon
This document discusses DHCP and its operations. It covers DHCPv4 and DHCPv6, including stateless and stateful address configuration methods. For DHCPv4, it describes server and client configuration, address allocation techniques, and troubleshooting. For DHCPv6, it discusses stateless autoconfiguration, stateless and stateful DHCPv6 options, and server, client, and relay agent configuration. The same troubleshooting tasks apply to both DHCPv4 and DHCPv6.
This document provides an overview of OSPF configuration and features. It describes how to configure multiple OSPF areas on routers and validate the routing tables. Key aspects covered include OSPF packet types, basic features like route updates and ECMP support, defining areas, router types, configuring networks on interfaces in different areas, and using commands to display neighbor relationships and routing tables. The goal is to help readers understand how to set up an OSPF routing domain with multiple areas.
This document provides an overview of network layer protocols and routing. It discusses how network layer protocols like IP and IPv6 support communication across networks by addressing devices, encapsulating data, routing packets, and de-encapsulating. Routers enable connectivity across networks by maintaining routing tables and forwarding packets based on the destination address. The document reviews the components and characteristics of IP, as well as IPv4 and IPv6 packet headers. It also examines how hosts and routers maintain routing tables and make forwarding decisions. Finally, it provides an overview of routers, including their anatomy as computers running an operating system and memory to store routing tables and packet buffers.
This document covers network layer protocols and routing. It discusses:
- Network layer protocols like IPv4 and IPv6 and their packet headers
- How routers make packet forwarding decisions using routing tables with directly connected and remote network entries
- The basic anatomy of routers including CPU, memory, interfaces, and bootup process
The document discusses network layer protocols and routing. It describes how network layer protocols like IPv4 and IPv6 support communication across networks by addressing devices, encapsulating data, and routing packets. It also explains how routers use routing tables to determine the paths that network traffic should take to reach different destinations and enable connectivity in a network.
The document is a chapter from a Cisco networking textbook that discusses network layer concepts including network layer protocols, routing, routers, and configuring Cisco routers. It provides an introduction to topics like IPv4 and IPv6 addressing and packet structures, routing tables, and how routers use routing tables to forward traffic across networks. Examples of IPv4 and IPv6 packet headers, host and router routing tables, and directly/remotely connected routing table entries are shown.
CCNA 2 Routing and Switching v5.0 Chapter 7Nil Menon
This document discusses dynamic routing protocols and provides an overview of how they operate. It explains that dynamic routing protocols automatically share information about remote networks to determine the best path. The document compares static and dynamic routing, and outlines the basic process by which routers using dynamic routing protocols like RIP discover networks, exchange routing information, and update their routing tables. Objectives of the chapter are also listed, such as explaining dynamic routing operation and configuring RIP and OSPF protocols.
CCNA 1 Routing and Switching v5.0 Chapter 8Nil Menon
This document chapter discusses IP addressing and provides objectives for learning about IPv4 and IPv6 addressing structures, types of addresses, and network connectivity testing tools. Specifically, it will cover the binary and decimal structures of IPv4 addresses, subnet masks and how they define the network and host portions of an IP, the different types of IPv4 unicast, broadcast and multicast addressing, public vs private IP address spaces, the motivation and features of IPv6, and how to configure and test basic IPv4 and IPv6 connectivity.
This document discusses the configuration and operation of single-area OSPF routing. It begins with an overview of OSPF components and operations, including the use of link-state advertisements to exchange routing information. It then covers topics like configuring OSPF such as setting costs, passive interfaces, and area types. Verification techniques are provided like checking neighbors, routes, and protocol settings. OSPFv3 is also summarized, noting the similarities to and differences from OSPFv2 in areas like interface configuration and address types.
1) Explain the basic operation of dynamic routing protocols.
2) Compare and contrast dynamic and static routing.
3) Determine which networks are available during an initial network discovery phase.
4) Define the different categories of routing protocols.
5) Describe the process by which distance vector routing protocols learn about other networks.
6) Identify the types of distance-vector routing protocols.
7) Configure the RIP routing protocol.
8) Configure the RIPng routing protocol.
9) Explain the process by which link-state routing protocols learn about other networks.
10) Describe the information sent in a link-state update.
11) Describe advantages and disadvantages of using link-state routing protocols.
12) Identify protocols that use the link-state routing process. (OSPF, IS-IS)
13) Determine the route source, administrative distance, and metric for a given route.
14) Explain the concept of a parent/child relationship in a dynamically built routing table.
15) Compare the IPv4 classless route lookup process and the IPv6 lookup process.
16) Analyze a routing table to determine which route will be used to forward a packet.
CCNA 1 Routing and Switching v5.0 Chapter 4Nil Menon
This document discusses network access and connectivity at the physical and data link layers. It covers various physical media including copper, fiber optic and wireless technologies. Frame structure and data link layer protocols are explained. Media access control methods for local area and wide area networks are also summarized. The objectives are to understand device connectivity options, physical and data link layer standards and protocols, and selecting the appropriate physical media.
CCNA 1 Routing and Switching v5.0 Chapter 9Nil Menon
This chapter discusses subnetting and IP addressing. It covers subnetting IPv4 and IPv6 networks to segment large networks into smaller subnetworks for improved routing and performance. Variable length subnet masking (VLSM) allows more efficient use of addresses by allocating different subnet mask lengths. The chapter also addresses planning and designing addressing schemes, including considerations for network requirements and structured allocation of addresses.
This document is from a Cisco training course on DHCP. It covers DHCPv4 and DHCPv6. For DHCPv4, it explains how DHCPv4 operates, how to configure a router as a DHCPv4 server and client, and how to troubleshoot DHCPv4 configurations. For DHCPv6, it describes stateless address autoconfiguration (SLAAC) and how to configure stateless and stateful DHCPv6 servers and clients, as well as troubleshooting DHCPv6 configurations. The objectives are to understand the operations of DHCPv4 and DHCPv6, and configure and troubleshoot DHCP servers, clients, and relay agents for IPv4 and IPv6 networks.
CCNA 1 Routing and Switching v5.0 Chapter 7Nil Menon
This document summarizes a chapter about the transport layer in computer networking. It describes the purpose of the transport layer in managing data transportation between applications. It discusses the two main transport layer protocols, TCP and UDP, including how TCP provides reliable connections while UDP is unreliable but lower overhead. It also covers topics like port numbers, TCP handshake and flow control, and when different applications typically use TCP or UDP.
CCNA 2 Routing and Switching v5.0 Chapter 8Nil Menon
The document discusses the configuration and operation of single-area OSPF routing. It covers OSPF concepts like link-state routing, neighbor adjacencies, designated routers, flooding LSAs, and SPF calculations. It also compares OSPFv2 to OSPFv3, describing how OSPFv3 uses link-local addresses and interfaces are enabled directly instead of using network statements. The document provides instructions for configuring OSPFv2 and OSPFv3 on Cisco routers as well as commands for verifying their operation and settings.
This document provides instructor materials for a chapter on static routing. The chapter objectives are to explain static routing concepts, configure static and default routes, and troubleshoot static route issues. Static routes are manually configured without a routing protocol. They provide security, use fewer resources than dynamic routing, and are useful for small networks or stub networks with a single connection. The document covers configuring standard static routes, default routes, summary routes, and floating routes in IPv4 and IPv6 along with verifying the configurations. Troubleshooting tips include using ping, traceroute, and checking the routing table.
CCNA 2 Routing and Switching v5.0 Chapter 10Nil Menon
This document discusses DHCP and its operations. It covers DHCPv4 and DHCPv6, including stateless and stateful address configuration methods. For DHCPv4, it describes server and client configuration, address allocation techniques, and troubleshooting. For DHCPv6, it discusses stateless autoconfiguration, stateless and stateful DHCPv6 options, and server, client, and relay agent configuration. The same troubleshooting tasks apply to both DHCPv4 and DHCPv6.
This document provides an overview of OSPF configuration and features. It describes how to configure multiple OSPF areas on routers and validate the routing tables. Key aspects covered include OSPF packet types, basic features like route updates and ECMP support, defining areas, router types, configuring networks on interfaces in different areas, and using commands to display neighbor relationships and routing tables. The goal is to help readers understand how to set up an OSPF routing domain with multiple areas.
This document provides an overview of network layer protocols and routing. It discusses how network layer protocols like IP and IPv6 support communication across networks by addressing devices, encapsulating data, routing packets, and de-encapsulating. Routers enable connectivity across networks by maintaining routing tables and forwarding packets based on the destination address. The document reviews the components and characteristics of IP, as well as IPv4 and IPv6 packet headers. It also examines how hosts and routers maintain routing tables and make forwarding decisions. Finally, it provides an overview of routers, including their anatomy as computers running an operating system and memory to store routing tables and packet buffers.
This document covers network layer protocols and routing. It discusses:
- Network layer protocols like IPv4 and IPv6 and their packet headers
- How routers make packet forwarding decisions using routing tables with directly connected and remote network entries
- The basic anatomy of routers including CPU, memory, interfaces, and bootup process
The document discusses network layer protocols and routing. It describes how network layer protocols like IPv4 and IPv6 support communication across networks by addressing devices, encapsulating data, and routing packets. It also explains how routers use routing tables to determine the paths that network traffic should take to reach different destinations and enable connectivity in a network.
The document is a chapter from a Cisco networking textbook that discusses network layer concepts including network layer protocols, routing, routers, and configuring Cisco routers. It provides an introduction to topics like IPv4 and IPv6 addressing and packet structures, routing tables, and how routers use routing tables to forward traffic across networks. Examples of IPv4 and IPv6 packet headers, host and router routing tables, and directly/remotely connected routing table entries are shown.
This document provides an overview of network layer concepts including network layer protocols, routing, routers, and configuring Cisco routers. It describes key network layer protocols like IPv4 and IPv6 and how routers use routing tables to forward packets across networks. The document also examines the components of routers and how they boot up and run the Cisco IOS operating system.
This document discusses the configuration and operation of single-area OSPF routing. It begins with an overview of OSPF components and operations, including neighbor discovery using Hello packets, link-state advertisement flooding, and SPF calculations. It then covers practical configuration topics like setting interface costs and passive interfaces. OSPFv3 operation and configuration is also summarized at a high level.
This document provides an overview of routing concepts and router configuration. It covers the basic functions of routers, including routing decisions, packet forwarding methods, and building routing tables through directly connected networks, static routes, and dynamic routing protocols. The document also describes how to initially configure a router by setting the hostname, interfaces, and verifying connectivity between networks.
Chapter 4: Objectives
-------------------------------------------------
Configure a router to route between multiple directly connected networks
Describe the primary functions and features of a router.
Explain how routers use information in data packets to make forwarding decisions in a small- to medium-sized business network.
Explain the encapsulation and de-encapsulation process used by routers when switching packets between interfaces.
Compare ways in which a router builds a routing table when operating in a small- to medium-sized business network.
Explain routing table entries for directly connected networks.
Explain how a router builds a routing table of directly connected networks.
Yaser Rahmati | یاسر رحمتی
Rahmati Academy | آکادمی رحمتی
www.yaser-rahmati.ir
www.rahmati-academy.ir
This document covers routing concepts and configuration on Cisco routers. It discusses the functions of routers, including interconnecting networks and choosing the best paths using routing tables. It also covers building a routing table through directly connected networks, static routes, and dynamic routing protocols. The objectives include configuring router interfaces, verifying connectivity, and explaining the routing decision process.
1) Configure a router to route between multiple directly connected networks
2) Describe the primary functions and features of a router.
3) Explain how routers use information in data packets to make forwarding decisions in a small- to medium-sized business network.
4) Explain the encapsulation and de-encapsulation process used by routers when switching packets between interfaces.
5) Compare ways in which a router builds a routing table when operating in a small- to medium-sized business network.
6) Explain routing table entries for directly connected networks.
7) Explain how a router builds a routing table of directly connected networks.
8) Explain how a router builds a routing table using static routes.
9) Explain how a router builds a routing table using a dynamic routing protocol.
This document discusses Frame Relay technology and configurations. It covers fundamental Frame Relay concepts like virtual circuits, encapsulation, and Local Management Interface. It also describes how to configure basic and advanced Frame Relay permanent virtual circuits, including troubleshooting connectivity issues. Subinterfaces are presented as a solution to reachability problems in Frame Relay hub-and-spoke topologies.
This document discusses spanning tree protocols used in local area networks (LANs). It begins with an introduction to spanning tree concepts and how they address issues with redundant network paths such as broadcast storms and unstable MAC address tables. The document then covers various spanning tree protocols including IEEE 802.1D STP, PVST+, and Rapid PVST+. It describes the operation of each protocol including BPDU frame formats, port states, and how they select the root bridge and block redundant paths. Configuration of PVST+ and Rapid PVST+ in a switched LAN environment is also discussed.
This document provides instructions on configuring basic settings on a Cisco router, including:
- Setting the hostname of the router
- Configuring login passwords for the console and VTY lines
- Enabling password encryption
The steps outlined include entering privileged mode, going into configuration mode, setting the hostname, configuring login passwords on the console and VTY lines, and enabling password encryption for increased security.
This document provides an overview of single-area OSPF routing protocols. It discusses the characteristics and components of OSPF, including how it establishes neighbor adjacencies, exchanges link state advertisements (LSAs), and calculates the shortest path tree. It then describes how to configure single-area OSPFv2 and OSPFv3 on Cisco routers, including setting the router ID, network types, costs, and passive interfaces. Verification commands are also provided.
instructor ppt_chapter8.2.2 - i_pv6 addressing with exercises of IPv6cyberjoex
The document discusses IPv6 addressing and the transition from IPv4 to IPv6. It covers the need for IPv6 due to the depletion of IPv4 addresses, the structure of IPv6 addresses which use 128-bit addressing and are written in hexadecimal, and methods for compressing IPv6 addresses. IPv6 addresses can be represented in different compressed formats by omitting leading zeros in each section or replacing consecutive sections of zeros with a double colon. The document also discusses types of IPv6 addresses and techniques for IPv4 and IPv6 coexistence like dual stack, tunneling, and translation.
Chapter 7: Objectives
--------------------------------------------
Explain the basic operation of dynamic routing protocols.
Compare and contrast dynamic and static routing.
Determine which networks are available during an initial network discovery phase.
Define the different categories of routing protocols.
Describe the process by which distance vector routing protocols learn about other networks.
Identify the types of distance-vector routing protocols.
Configure the RIP routing protocol.
Configure the RIPng routing protocol.
Explain the process by which link-state routing protocols learn about other networks.
Describe the information sent in a link-state update.
Describe advantages and disadvantages of using link-state routing protocols.
Identify protocols that use the link-state routing process. (OSPF, IS-IS)
Determine the route source, administrative distance, and metric for a given route.
Explain the concept of a parent/child relationship in a dynamically built routing table.
Compare the IPv4 classless route lookup process and the IPv6 lookup process.
Analyze a routing table to determine which route will be used to forward a packet.
Yaser Rahmati | یاسر رحمتی
Rahmati Academy | آکادمی رحمتی
www.yaser-rahmati.ir
www.rahmati-academy.ir
This document provides an overview of dynamic routing protocols. It discusses the basic operation and purpose of dynamic routing protocols, including how they discover networks, exchange routing information, and converge on a network view. It also categorizes routing protocols as either distance vector or link-state, and covers example protocols like RIP, EIGRP, and OSPF. Specific topics covered include dynamic routing fundamentals, static versus dynamic routing, protocol metrics, and the operation of distance vector routing.
Cisco WLAN - Chapter. 08 : Applications, Design, and Site Survey PreparationYaser Rahmati
This document discusses site surveys for wireless networks. It describes the steps in performing a site survey, including gathering tools and documentation. Key considerations for site surveys are determining feasible coverage, identifying interference sources, and understanding wired connectivity limitations. Proper documentation of access point locations and network information is also discussed. Site surveys are important for designing a wireless network that meets coverage, capacity, and reliability needs.
The document discusses various types of antennas used for wireless LANs. It describes how directional antennas radiate RF energy predominantly in one direction, while omnidirectional antennas radiate equally in all horizontal directions. Key points include:
- Directional antennas include Yagis and parabolic dishes, which have a narrow beamwidth. Omnidirectional types include dipoles, patches, and various indoor/outdoor models.
- Parameters like gain, beamwidth, bandwidth, polarization and EIRP are defined. Higher gain antennas have a stronger but narrower signal.
- Common Cisco antenna models are described for 2.4GHz and 5GHz networks, including rubber ducks, ceiling mounts,
Cisco WLAN - Chapter. 03 : wireless radio technologyYaser Rahmati
This document provides an overview of wireless radio technology concepts including:
1. Wireless propagation is affected by attenuation from obstructions, reflection, refraction, and diffraction of radio signals. Multipath reflection can reduce signal strength.
2. Weather such as rain, snow, ice and wind can impact wireless signals through attenuation, damage to antennas, or changing the aim of antennas.
3. Wireless power is measured in watts and decays exponentially over distance according to the inverse square law. Power ratios and decibel measurements are used to quantify changes in signal strength.
This document provides an overview of wireless topologies, including:
- Wireless devices must use 802.11 standards for interoperability.
- Access points connect wireless networks to wired networks and allow wireless clients to connect.
- Antennas are selected based on the access point and desired coverage area.
- Topologies include basic service sets using a single access point, extended service sets connecting multiple access points to a wired network, and wireless bridges connecting networks in different buildings with a point-to-point configuration.
- Proper channel planning is important to minimize interference between overlapping wireless networks.
Chapter 11 - Network Address Translation for IPv4Yaser Rahmati
Chapter 11: Objectives
------------------------------------------------------
Describe NAT characteristics.
Describe the benefits and drawbacks of NAT.
Configure static NAT using the CLI.
Configure dynamic NAT using the CLI.
Configure PAT using the CLI.
Configure port forwarding using the CLI.
Configure NAT64.
Use show commands to verify NAT operation.
Yaser Rahmati | یاسر رحمتی
Rahmati Academy | آکادمی رحمتی
www.yaser-rahmati.ir
www.rahmati-academy.ir
Chapter 10: Objectives
------------------------------------------------------
Describe the operation of DHCPv4 in a small-to-medium-sized business network.
Configure a router as a DHCPv4 server.
Configure a router as a DHCPv4 client.
Troubleshoot a DHCP configuration for IPv4 in a switched network.
Explain the operation of DHCPv6.
Configure a stateless DHCPv6 for a small-to-medium-sized business.
Configure a stateful DHCPv6 for a small-to-medium-sized business.
Troubleshoot a DHCP configuration for IPv6 in a switched network.
Yaser Rahmati | یاسر رحمتی
Rahmati Academy | آکادمی رحمتی
www.yaser-rahmati.ir
www.rahmati-academy.ir
Chapter 9: Objectives
-----------------------------------------------------------
Explain how ACLs are used to filter traffic.
Compare standard and extended IPv4 ACLs.
Explain how ACLs use wildcard masks.
Explain the guidelines for creating ACLs.
Explain the guidelines for placement of ACLs.
Configure standard IPv4 ACLs to filter traffic according to networking requirements.
Modify a standard IPv4 ACL using sequence numbers.
Configure a standard ACL to secure vty access.
Explain the structure of an extended access control entry (ACE).
Configure extended IPv4 ACLs to filter traffic according to networking requirements.
Configure an ACL to limit debug output.
Explain how a router processes packets when an ACL is applied.
Troubleshoot common ACL errors using CLI commands.
Compare IPv4 and IPv6 ACL creation.
Configure IPv6 ACLs to filter traffic according to networking requirements.
Yaser Rahmati | یاسر رحمتی
Rahmati Academy | آکادمی رحمتی
www.yaser-rahmati.ir
www.rahmati-academy.ir
Chapter 6: Objectives
-----------------------------------------------
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of static routing.
Explain the purpose of different types of static routes.
Configure IPv4 and IPv6 static routes by specifying a next-hop address.
Configure an IPv4 and IPv6 default routes.
Explain the use of legacy classful addressing in network implementation.
Explain the purpose of CIDR in replacing classful addressing.
Design and implement a hierarchical addressing scheme.
Configure an IPv4 and IPv6 summary network address to reduce the number of routing table updates.
Configure a floating static route to provide a backup connection.
Explain how a router processes packets when a static route is configured.
Troubleshoot common static and default route configuration issues.
Yaser Rahmati | یاسر رحمتی
Rahmati Academy | آکادمی رحمتی
www.yaser-rahmati.ir
www.rahmati-academy.ir
Chapter 02 - Introduction to Switched NetworksYaser Rahmati
Chapter 2: Objectives
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Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to:
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of static routing.
Configure initial settings on a Cisco switch.
Configure switch ports to meet network requirements.
Configure the management switch virtual interface.
Describe basic security attacks in a switched environment.
Describe security best practices in a switched environment.
Configure the port security feature to restrict network access.
Yaser Rahmati | یاسر رحمتی
Rahmati Academy | آکادمی رحمتی
www.yaser-rahmati.ir
www.rahmati-academy.ir
Chapter 3: Objectives
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Explain the purpose of VLANs in a switched network.
Analyze how a switch forwards frames based on VLAN configuration in a multi-switched environment.
Configure a switch port to be assigned to a VLAN based on requirements.
Configure a trunk port on a LAN switch.
Configure Dynamic Trunk Protocol (DTP).
Troubleshoot VLAN and trunk configurations in a switched network.
Configure security features to mitigate attacks in a VLAN-segmented environment.
Explain security best practices for a VLAN-segmented environment.
Yaser Rahmati | یاسر رحمتی
Rahmati Academy | آکادمی رحمتی
www.yaser-rahmati.ir
www.rahmati-academy.ir
Chapter 01 - Introduction to Switched NetworksYaser Rahmati
Chapter 1: Objectives
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Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to:
Describe convergence of data, voice, and video in the context of switched networks.
Describe a switched network in a small-to-medium-sized business.
Explain the process of frame forwarding in a switched network.
Compare a collision domain to a broadcast domain.
Yaser Rahmati | یاسر رحمتی
Rahmati Academy | آکادمی رحمتی
www.yaser-rahmati.ir
www.rahmati-academy.ir
Chapter 11: Objectives
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Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to:
Identify the devices and protocols used in a small network.
Explain how a small network serves as the basis of larger networks.
Describe the need for basic security measures on network devices.
Identify security vulnerabilities and general mitigation techniques.
Configure network devices with device hardening features to mitigate security threats.
Use the output of ping and tracert commands to establish relative network performance.
Use basic show commands to verify the configuration and status of a device interface.
Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to:
Identify the devices and protocols used in a small network.
Explain how a small network serves as the basis of larger networks.
Describe the need for basic security measures on network devices.
Identify security vulnerabilities and general mitigation techniques.
Configure network devices with device hardening features to mitigate security threats.
Use the output of ping and tracert commands to establish relative network performance.
Use basic show commands to verify the configuration and status of a device interface.
Yaser Rahmati | یاسر رحمتی
Rahmati Academy | آکادمی رحمتی
www.yaser-rahmati.ir
www.rahmati-academy.ir
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.