Uploaded bynurfadhilah243689
PPTX, PDF488 views

Chapter 2 - The System Unit.pptx

This document provides an overview of computing essentials, including the various components that make up a computer system. It discusses the different types of system units like desktops, laptops, tablets, smartphones and wearables. It also describes the main components inside a system unit like the system board, microprocessor, memory, expansion slots, bus lines and ports. The document is intended to help readers understand the basic functioning and components of computer systems.

Embed presentation

Download to read offline
© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Chapter 5
Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Learning Objectives 1. Differentiate between the five basic types of system units. 2. Describe system boards, including sockets, slots, and bus lines. 3. Recognize different microprocessors, including microprocessor chips and specialty processors. 4. Compare different types of computer memory including RAM, ROM, and flash memory. 5. Explain expansion slots and cards. 6. Describe bus lines, bus widths, and expansion buses. 7. Describe ports, including standard and specialized ports. 8. Identify power supplies for desktop, laptop, tablet, and mobile devices. 9. Explain how a computer can represent numbers and encode characters electronically. 2
Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Introduction Speed, capacity, and flexibility determine the power of personal computers. Knowledge of a computer’s power allows you to make good buying decisions and to determine if your current system will run new applications. Competent end users need to understand the functionality of the basic components of the system unit
Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. System Unit System Chassis Container that houses most of the electronic components that make up a computer system System Unit Contains system’s electronic components and selected secondary storage devices 4
Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. System Unit Types 1. Desktops  System unit is in a separate case  Tower Units  All-in-Ones  All components including monitor 2. Laptops  Portable and much smaller  Ultrabooks – laptop and tablet in one  Gaming – high end graphics
Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. System Unit Types cont. 3. Tablets  Mini tablet 4. Smartphone  Most popular device – handheld computer  Extend the capabilities of cell phones 5. Wearables  Contain embedded computers
Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Components  Although all devices come in many shapes and sizes they have similarities such as  System boards  Microprocessors  Memory  How to Assemble and Disassemble a System Unit?
Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. System Board System board or main board or motherboard controls communication for the entire computer system  All components and devices connect to the system board  Data path and traffic monitor  Allows various components to communication efficiently with one another Tips: Find Mobo Model ? “wmic baseboard get product, manufacturer”
Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Sockets and Chips The system board contains a variety of electronic components  Sockets – the connection point for chips  Chips  Tiny circuit boards etched onto squares of silicon  Also called silicon chip, semiconductor, or integrated circuit  Mounted on chip carriers
Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Slots and Bus Lines Additional system board components:  Slots  Provide a connection point for specialized cards or circuit boards  Provide expansion capabilities for the computer  Bus lines  Connecting lines that provide pathways to support communication among electronic components
Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Microprocessor Central Processing Unit (CPU) or Processor  Contained on a single chip call a Microprocessor  Brains of the computer Two Basic Components of the CPU  Control unit Tells the computer system how to carry out a program’s instruction  Arithmetic-logic unit (ALU) Performs arithmetic and logical operations 11
Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Relationship between Memory, Processor, Storage, Input and Output Devices  When user starts a program, its instruction transfer from a storage device to memory.  Data needed by programs enters memory from either an input device or a storage device.  The control unit interprets and executes instructions in memory, and the ALU performs calculations on the data in memory.  Resulting information is stored in memory, from which it can be sent to an output device or a storage device for future access, as needed.
Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Processor Machine Cycle For every instruction, a processor repeats a set of four basic operations, which comprise a machine cycle. FETCH DECODE EXECUTE STORE
Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Microprocessor Chips  Chip capacities are expressed in word size  Word is the number of bits that can be processed at one time: 16, 32 or 64  Clock Speed  Processing speed or the number of times the CPU fetches and processes data or instructions in a second  Also called clock rate.  It is measured in gigahertz(GHz), or billions of beats per second.  The faster the clock speed, the faster the computer can process information and execute instructions
Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Multicore Chips  Multicore Processors  Two or more separate and independent CPUs within a system unit  Quad-core supports 4 core processes  Parallel Processing  Computer’s ability to divided tasks into parts that can be distributed across each core  Windows 8 and Mac OS X support parallel processing
Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Specialty Processors Coprocessors  Designed to improve specific computing operations  Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) / Graphics coprocessors  Designed to handle a variety of specialized tasks  3D images  Encrypting data  Standard features in gaming computers
Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Memory  Holding area for data, instructions, and information  Contained on chips connected to the system board  Stores three basic categories of items:  Three well-known types of memory chips:  RAM  Random Access Memory  ROM  Read Only Memory  Flash Memory The operating system and other system software Application programs Data being processed and the resulting information
Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Memory The system unit contains two types of memory: Volatile memory Non volatile memory Loses its contents when power is turned off Example includes RAM, cache memory and virtual Does not lose contents when power is removed Examples include ROM and flash memory
Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. RAM  Random Access Memory (RAM) chips hold programs and data that the CPU is presently processing  Volatile or temporary – contents are lost when computer is powered off  Cache memory – temporary, high-speed holding area between the memory and CPU  Additional RAM can be added using an expansion module called a DIMM (Dual in-line memory module)
Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. RAM continued Virtual Memory  a memory management capability that uses hardware and software to allow a computer to compensate for physical memory shortages by temporarily transferring data from random access memory (RAM) to disk storage.
Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. RAM continued Each location in memory has an address Memory is expressed in bytes - memory size is measured in kilobytes (KB or K), megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), or terabytes (TB)
Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. ROM Read-only memory (ROM)  Information stored by the manufacturer  Non-volatile and cannot be changed CPU can read, or retrieve data and programs in ROM but the computer cannot change ROM Contain special instructions  Start the computer  Access memory  Handle keyboard input
Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Flash Memory Flash memory combines of the features of:  RAM, it can be updated  ROM, it is non-volatile  Contains startup information(BIOS -basic input/output system)  Amount of RAM  Type of keyboard, mouse, and secondary storage devices connected Many ROM chips are being replaced by flash memory
Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Expansion Slots and Cards Expands your system’s capabilities:  Graphics cards - for high quality 3D graphics  Network interface cards (NIC) - connect devices to networks via cables  Wireless network cards - connect devices to networks without cables  SD cards - Expansion cards for mobile devices
Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Bus Lines / Bus Connect parts of the CPU to each other and various other components on the system board  Pathway for bits representing data and instructions  Bus width  Number of bits that can travel simultaneously down a bus  Architecture and design are tied to the speed and power for the computer  Two basic categories of buses  System bus – connects CPU to memory  Expansion bus – connects CPU to other components
Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Expansion Buses Principle types:  Universal Serial Bus (USB)  Connects external USB devices onto the USB bus  FireWire  Primarily used to connect audio and video equipment to the system board  PCI Express (PCIe)  Single dedicated path for each connected device
Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Ports Socket for connecting external devices to the system unit Ports connect directly  To the system board  To cards inserted into slots on the system board Two Types  Standard Ports  Specialized Ports
Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Ports (PC)
Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Ports (Laptop)
Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Standard Ports USB  Keyboards, mice, printers, storage devices Ethernet  High speed networking HDMI – High Definition Multimedia Interface  High definition video and audio Thunderbolt  Provides high-speed connections  Can connect up to 7 separate devices through 1 port
Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Specialized Ports  External Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (eSATA)  High-speed connection for external secondary storage  Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI)  Connect musical instruments  Mini DisplayPort (MiniDP or mDP)  Connection to large monitors  VGA & DVI  Connections to analog and digital monitors  FireWire  High-speed connections to FireWire devices
Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Cables Used to connect external devices to the system unit via the ports One end of the cable is attached to the device and the other end has a connector that is attached to a matching connector on the port
Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Making IT Work for You ~ TV Tuners  Using Windows Media Center as a DVR  Install TV Tuner to connect your computer or cable to your computer
Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Power Supply  Computers require direct current (DC) power converting alternating current (AC) from wall outlets or batteries  Desktop computers have a power supply unit in the system unit  Laptops use AC adapters in the system unit  Tablets and mobile devices use internal AC adapters  Smartphones can use wireless charging platforms
Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Electronic Data and Instructions Digital electronic signals  in one of two states: on or off  Recognized by computers Analog signals  Continuous signalvary in strength and quality  Created by voices Conversion must take place from analog to digital before processing can occur
Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Numeric Representation Two-state binary system consists of only two digits called bits  On = 1; negative charge  Off = 0; no charge Byte = 8 bits grouped together as a unit. A byte represents a single character in the computer Hexadecimal system  Uses 16 digits to represent binary numbers (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F)
Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Character Encoding Character encoding standards – a unique sequence of binary representation of a particular letter, number or special character. It is used to facilitate communication among computers by using a common language code . Types of Character Encoding:  ASCII  American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)  the most widely used coding scheme to represent data  Used by personal computers  EBCDIC  Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC)  Used by mainframe computers  Unicode  New encoding due to explosion of the Internet  Uses 16 bits  Recognized by virtually all computer systems
Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. A Look to the Future Wearable computers Send and receive email while jogging Maintain your personal schedule book Remember the names of people at a party
Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Open-Ended Questions (Page 1 of 3) 1. Describe the five most common types of personal computers. 2. Describe system boards including sockets, chips, chip carriers, slots, and bus lines. 3. Discuss microprocessor components, chips, and specialty processors.
Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Open-Ended Questions (Page 2 of 3) 4. Define computer memory including RAM, ROM, and flash memory. 5. Define expansion slots, cards, including graphics cards, network interface cards, wireless network cards, and SD cards. 6. Describe bus lines, bus width, system bus, and expansion bus.
Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Open-Ended Questions (Page 3 of 3) 7. Define ports including standard and specialized ports. Give examples of each. 8. Describe power supply including power supply units and AC adapters. 9. Discuss electronic data and instructions.

More Related Content

PPTX
My presentation on 'computer hardware component' {hardware}
byRahul Kumar
 
PPTX
Computer components
byAva Meek
 
PPTX
Computer systems
byUdara Sandaruwan
 
PPT
Operating Systems
byDan Hess
 
PPTX
computer hardware
byRajat Singla
 
PPT
Computer Hardware
bynitinmote
 
PPT
Input and outputs devices
bynoreenakhtar
 
PDF
Ch 01-types-and-components-of-computers
bymmoussa83
 
My presentation on 'computer hardware component' {hardware}
byRahul Kumar
 
Computer components
byAva Meek
 
Computer systems
byUdara Sandaruwan
 
Operating Systems
byDan Hess
 
computer hardware
byRajat Singla
 
Computer Hardware
bynitinmote
 
Input and outputs devices
bynoreenakhtar
 
Ch 01-types-and-components-of-computers
bymmoussa83
 

What's hot

PPT
04 software system and application software
bySowmini Gowda
 
PPTX
Basic of Computer
byNaganathan Sandramohan
 
DOC
operating system lecture notes
byAVC College of Engineering
 
PPTX
Computer Hardware
byEhtashamulhaq17
 
PPTX
Components of System Unit
bymariya yousaf
 
PPTX
Windows Forensic 101
byDigit Oktavianto
 
PDF
Care for network and computer hardware
byGera Paulos
 
DOCX
Clean Installation of Windows 10 - How to Reformat Computer Windows 10
byRed Red
 
PPTX
Motherboard, It's Functions and It's Components
byPreSolutions Softwares
 
PPTX
Operating system
byvivek anand
 
PPTX
Operating system report
byMarjorieMicabalo
 
PPT
Computer storage devices
byRizwan Qamar
 
PPTX
Basics of computer
byRomio Khumukcham
 
PPT
Operating Systems
byvampugani
 
PPT
Fundamentals Of Computer
byJack Frost
 
PDF
Introduction to Computer Hardware Assembling
byRanjith Siji
 
DOC
Lesson 2 History Of Operating System
byLaguna State Polytechnic University
 
PPTX
Installing windows 10 and creating a bootable usb
byArsalan Qureshi
 
PDF
Web Terminology
byMd. Ejhar Uddin Nomani
 
PPTX
operating system
byKadianAman
 
04 software system and application software
bySowmini Gowda
 
Basic of Computer
byNaganathan Sandramohan
 
operating system lecture notes
byAVC College of Engineering
 
Computer Hardware
byEhtashamulhaq17
 
Components of System Unit
bymariya yousaf
 
Windows Forensic 101
byDigit Oktavianto
 
Care for network and computer hardware
byGera Paulos
 
Clean Installation of Windows 10 - How to Reformat Computer Windows 10
byRed Red
 
Motherboard, It's Functions and It's Components
byPreSolutions Softwares
 
Operating system
byvivek anand
 
Operating system report
byMarjorieMicabalo
 
Computer storage devices
byRizwan Qamar
 
Basics of computer
byRomio Khumukcham
 
Operating Systems
byvampugani
 
Fundamentals Of Computer
byJack Frost
 
Introduction to Computer Hardware Assembling
byRanjith Siji
 
Lesson 2 History Of Operating System
byLaguna State Polytechnic University
 
Installing windows 10 and creating a bootable usb
byArsalan Qureshi
 
Web Terminology
byMd. Ejhar Uddin Nomani
 
operating system
byKadianAman
 

Similar to Chapter 2 - The System Unit.pptx

PPT
chapter 5: system unit computing essentials
byIshratJehan3
 
PPT
lecture_2.ppt
byEdlynFaithPadilla3
 
PPTX
Chapter 1
byGSILPRASIT
 
PPTX
introduction to information technolofgy 23456.pptx
byBilalRizvi18
 
PPTX
5. Components of a Computer Systems_Mod 1.pptx
bylouieazuljr
 
PPTX
Csc118 chapter1
byMazlan Salleh
 
PPTX
Chapter 1 CSC118
byLuqman al-Hakim
 
PPTX
Introduction to Computing - Computer Hardware
byA-Jay Alipio
 
PPTX
Course coordination for it pharm D student
bydoniagaballa
 
PPTX
Day # 1, Session # 1 (Computer Basics.pptx
bypoliticalscienceggc
 
PPT
CompterBasicknowledgeforstudentsfundamental.ppt
byojhaswati0304
 
PDF
Components of the System Unit.pdf
byODINARARCH
 
PPTX
Chapter12017
byhusmos
 
PPT
Ch01
byLukmanulhakim Almamalik
 
PPTX
Computer System using Digital Principles and computer
byRamaniMithra
 
PPT
الوحدة السادسة :: مادة مهارات حاسوب
byHossam Ashi
 
PPTX
Presentation007
byajaytank
 
PPT
Component of system unit.ppt
byAhsanRamzan7
 
PPTX
CSS12- LESSON 2.pptx
byRGSMags
 
DOCX
ICT 1
byella dimaiwat
 
chapter 5: system unit computing essentials
byIshratJehan3
 
lecture_2.ppt
byEdlynFaithPadilla3
 
Chapter 1
byGSILPRASIT
 
introduction to information technolofgy 23456.pptx
byBilalRizvi18
 
5. Components of a Computer Systems_Mod 1.pptx
bylouieazuljr
 
Csc118 chapter1
byMazlan Salleh
 
Chapter 1 CSC118
byLuqman al-Hakim
 
Introduction to Computing - Computer Hardware
byA-Jay Alipio
 
Course coordination for it pharm D student
bydoniagaballa
 
Day # 1, Session # 1 (Computer Basics.pptx
bypoliticalscienceggc
 
CompterBasicknowledgeforstudentsfundamental.ppt
byojhaswati0304
 
Components of the System Unit.pdf
byODINARARCH
 
Chapter12017
byhusmos
 
Ch01
byLukmanulhakim Almamalik
 
Computer System using Digital Principles and computer
byRamaniMithra
 
الوحدة السادسة :: مادة مهارات حاسوب
byHossam Ashi
 
Presentation007
byajaytank
 
Component of system unit.ppt
byAhsanRamzan7
 
CSS12- LESSON 2.pptx
byRGSMags
 
ICT 1
byella dimaiwat
 

Recently uploaded

PDF
Salesforce Data Migration Services.pdf
byRobert Mark
 
PDF
Princeton 2026: Tools That Help You
 Write Better Code
byHenry Schreiner
 
PDF
Princeton RSE: What's new in Python π (3.14)
byHenry Schreiner
 
PDF
828275126-INTUNE-Instructor-Handout-Part2.pdf
byamdusias67
 
PPTX
Performance Engineering: New and Conflicting Trends
byAlexander Podelko
 
PPTX
Instrumentation.Instrumentation.Instrumentation.pptx
byDavid Kurtz
 
PDF
What-Every-Tech-Leader-Needs-to-Know-About-AI-in-2025.pdf
byrishabhxbohra
 
PDF
Cloud Automotive Software: Cost, Speed & Scalability
byShiv Technolabs Pvt. Ltd.
 
PPTX
apidays Australia 2025 | Hey man, which one will deploy much faster, API or kid?
byapidays
 
PDF
Cybernetic Global Intelligence Securing Businesses in a Digital-First World.pdf
byCybernetic Global Intelligence
 
PDF
Projectlify: Everything You Need to Get Things Done
byRafal Ksiazek
 
PDF
Postmates Clone App Delivery Service Business Solution.pdf
byV3CUBE TECHNOLABS
 
PDF
How Fireworks AI Achieves 1TB_s+ Throughput for Model Deployment Across Multi...
byAlluxio, Inc.
 
PPTX
NetworkMediaWireless (1).pptxunsnsndjdjdjjdnd
byre7022
 
PDF
The Future of Microsoft Project Management Tools - Connecting Teams, Work, an...
byOnePlan Solutions
 
PDF
Shaping Your 2026 Testing Strategy | Applitools Product Pulse - January 2026
byApplitools
 
PDF
A Complete Guide to Progressive Web App and Their Development
byMaxtra Technologies
 
PDF
Gojek Clone Business Strategy: From Launch to Scale
byV3CUBE TECHNOLABS
 
PPTX
Orion Context Broker introduction 20260114
byFermin Galan
 
PDF
Salesforce Careers in 2026_ Trends, Certifications, and Must-Have Skills
byDele Amefo
 
Salesforce Data Migration Services.pdf
byRobert Mark
 
Princeton 2026: Tools That Help You
 Write Better Code
byHenry Schreiner
 
Princeton RSE: What's new in Python π (3.14)
byHenry Schreiner
 
828275126-INTUNE-Instructor-Handout-Part2.pdf
byamdusias67
 
Performance Engineering: New and Conflicting Trends
byAlexander Podelko
 
Instrumentation.Instrumentation.Instrumentation.pptx
byDavid Kurtz
 
What-Every-Tech-Leader-Needs-to-Know-About-AI-in-2025.pdf
byrishabhxbohra
 
Cloud Automotive Software: Cost, Speed & Scalability
byShiv Technolabs Pvt. Ltd.
 
apidays Australia 2025 | Hey man, which one will deploy much faster, API or kid?
byapidays
 
Cybernetic Global Intelligence Securing Businesses in a Digital-First World.pdf
byCybernetic Global Intelligence
 
Projectlify: Everything You Need to Get Things Done
byRafal Ksiazek
 
Postmates Clone App Delivery Service Business Solution.pdf
byV3CUBE TECHNOLABS
 
How Fireworks AI Achieves 1TB_s+ Throughput for Model Deployment Across Multi...
byAlluxio, Inc.
 
NetworkMediaWireless (1).pptxunsnsndjdjdjjdnd
byre7022
 
The Future of Microsoft Project Management Tools - Connecting Teams, Work, an...
byOnePlan Solutions
 
Shaping Your 2026 Testing Strategy | Applitools Product Pulse - January 2026
byApplitools
 
A Complete Guide to Progressive Web App and Their Development
byMaxtra Technologies
 
Gojek Clone Business Strategy: From Launch to Scale
byV3CUBE TECHNOLABS
 
Orion Context Broker introduction 20260114
byFermin Galan
 
Salesforce Careers in 2026_ Trends, Certifications, and Must-Have Skills
byDele Amefo
 

Chapter 2 - The System Unit.pptx

  • 1.
    © 2017 byMcGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Chapter 5
  • 2.
    Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 byMcGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Learning Objectives 1. Differentiate between the five basic types of system units. 2. Describe system boards, including sockets, slots, and bus lines. 3. Recognize different microprocessors, including microprocessor chips and specialty processors. 4. Compare different types of computer memory including RAM, ROM, and flash memory. 5. Explain expansion slots and cards. 6. Describe bus lines, bus widths, and expansion buses. 7. Describe ports, including standard and specialized ports. 8. Identify power supplies for desktop, laptop, tablet, and mobile devices. 9. Explain how a computer can represent numbers and encode characters electronically. 2
  • 3.
    Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 byMcGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Introduction Speed, capacity, and flexibility determine the power of personal computers. Knowledge of a computer’s power allows you to make good buying decisions and to determine if your current system will run new applications. Competent end users need to understand the functionality of the basic components of the system unit
  • 4.
    Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 byMcGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. System Unit System Chassis Container that houses most of the electronic components that make up a computer system System Unit Contains system’s electronic components and selected secondary storage devices 4
  • 5.
    Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 byMcGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. System Unit Types 1. Desktops  System unit is in a separate case  Tower Units  All-in-Ones  All components including monitor 2. Laptops  Portable and much smaller  Ultrabooks – laptop and tablet in one  Gaming – high end graphics
  • 6.
    Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 byMcGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. System Unit Types cont. 3. Tablets  Mini tablet 4. Smartphone  Most popular device – handheld computer  Extend the capabilities of cell phones 5. Wearables  Contain embedded computers
  • 7.
    Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 byMcGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Components  Although all devices come in many shapes and sizes they have similarities such as  System boards  Microprocessors  Memory  How to Assemble and Disassemble a System Unit?
  • 8.
    Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 byMcGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. System Board System board or main board or motherboard controls communication for the entire computer system  All components and devices connect to the system board  Data path and traffic monitor  Allows various components to communication efficiently with one another Tips: Find Mobo Model ? “wmic baseboard get product, manufacturer”
  • 9.
    Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 byMcGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Sockets and Chips The system board contains a variety of electronic components  Sockets – the connection point for chips  Chips  Tiny circuit boards etched onto squares of silicon  Also called silicon chip, semiconductor, or integrated circuit  Mounted on chip carriers
  • 10.
    Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 byMcGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Slots and Bus Lines Additional system board components:  Slots  Provide a connection point for specialized cards or circuit boards  Provide expansion capabilities for the computer  Bus lines  Connecting lines that provide pathways to support communication among electronic components
  • 11.
    Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 byMcGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Microprocessor Central Processing Unit (CPU) or Processor  Contained on a single chip call a Microprocessor  Brains of the computer Two Basic Components of the CPU  Control unit Tells the computer system how to carry out a program’s instruction  Arithmetic-logic unit (ALU) Performs arithmetic and logical operations 11
  • 12.
    Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 byMcGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Relationship between Memory, Processor, Storage, Input and Output Devices  When user starts a program, its instruction transfer from a storage device to memory.  Data needed by programs enters memory from either an input device or a storage device.  The control unit interprets and executes instructions in memory, and the ALU performs calculations on the data in memory.  Resulting information is stored in memory, from which it can be sent to an output device or a storage device for future access, as needed.
  • 13.
    Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 byMcGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Processor Machine Cycle For every instruction, a processor repeats a set of four basic operations, which comprise a machine cycle. FETCH DECODE EXECUTE STORE
  • 14.
    Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 byMcGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Microprocessor Chips  Chip capacities are expressed in word size  Word is the number of bits that can be processed at one time: 16, 32 or 64  Clock Speed  Processing speed or the number of times the CPU fetches and processes data or instructions in a second  Also called clock rate.  It is measured in gigahertz(GHz), or billions of beats per second.  The faster the clock speed, the faster the computer can process information and execute instructions
  • 15.
    Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 byMcGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Multicore Chips  Multicore Processors  Two or more separate and independent CPUs within a system unit  Quad-core supports 4 core processes  Parallel Processing  Computer’s ability to divided tasks into parts that can be distributed across each core  Windows 8 and Mac OS X support parallel processing
  • 16.
    Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 byMcGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Specialty Processors Coprocessors  Designed to improve specific computing operations  Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) / Graphics coprocessors  Designed to handle a variety of specialized tasks  3D images  Encrypting data  Standard features in gaming computers
  • 17.
    Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 byMcGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Memory  Holding area for data, instructions, and information  Contained on chips connected to the system board  Stores three basic categories of items:  Three well-known types of memory chips:  RAM  Random Access Memory  ROM  Read Only Memory  Flash Memory The operating system and other system software Application programs Data being processed and the resulting information
  • 18.
    Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 byMcGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Memory The system unit contains two types of memory: Volatile memory Non volatile memory Loses its contents when power is turned off Example includes RAM, cache memory and virtual Does not lose contents when power is removed Examples include ROM and flash memory
  • 19.
    Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 byMcGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. RAM  Random Access Memory (RAM) chips hold programs and data that the CPU is presently processing  Volatile or temporary – contents are lost when computer is powered off  Cache memory – temporary, high-speed holding area between the memory and CPU  Additional RAM can be added using an expansion module called a DIMM (Dual in-line memory module)
  • 20.
    Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 byMcGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. RAM continued Virtual Memory  a memory management capability that uses hardware and software to allow a computer to compensate for physical memory shortages by temporarily transferring data from random access memory (RAM) to disk storage.
  • 21.
    Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 byMcGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. RAM continued Each location in memory has an address Memory is expressed in bytes - memory size is measured in kilobytes (KB or K), megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), or terabytes (TB)
  • 22.
    Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 byMcGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. ROM Read-only memory (ROM)  Information stored by the manufacturer  Non-volatile and cannot be changed CPU can read, or retrieve data and programs in ROM but the computer cannot change ROM Contain special instructions  Start the computer  Access memory  Handle keyboard input
  • 23.
    Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 byMcGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Flash Memory Flash memory combines of the features of:  RAM, it can be updated  ROM, it is non-volatile  Contains startup information(BIOS -basic input/output system)  Amount of RAM  Type of keyboard, mouse, and secondary storage devices connected Many ROM chips are being replaced by flash memory
  • 24.
    Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 byMcGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Expansion Slots and Cards Expands your system’s capabilities:  Graphics cards - for high quality 3D graphics  Network interface cards (NIC) - connect devices to networks via cables  Wireless network cards - connect devices to networks without cables  SD cards - Expansion cards for mobile devices
  • 25.
    Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 byMcGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Bus Lines / Bus Connect parts of the CPU to each other and various other components on the system board  Pathway for bits representing data and instructions  Bus width  Number of bits that can travel simultaneously down a bus  Architecture and design are tied to the speed and power for the computer  Two basic categories of buses  System bus – connects CPU to memory  Expansion bus – connects CPU to other components
  • 26.
    Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 byMcGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Expansion Buses Principle types:  Universal Serial Bus (USB)  Connects external USB devices onto the USB bus  FireWire  Primarily used to connect audio and video equipment to the system board  PCI Express (PCIe)  Single dedicated path for each connected device
  • 27.
    Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 byMcGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Ports Socket for connecting external devices to the system unit Ports connect directly  To the system board  To cards inserted into slots on the system board Two Types  Standard Ports  Specialized Ports
  • 28.
    Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 byMcGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Ports (PC)
  • 29.
    Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 byMcGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Ports (Laptop)
  • 30.
    Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 byMcGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Standard Ports USB  Keyboards, mice, printers, storage devices Ethernet  High speed networking HDMI – High Definition Multimedia Interface  High definition video and audio Thunderbolt  Provides high-speed connections  Can connect up to 7 separate devices through 1 port
  • 31.
    Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 byMcGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Specialized Ports  External Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (eSATA)  High-speed connection for external secondary storage  Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI)  Connect musical instruments  Mini DisplayPort (MiniDP or mDP)  Connection to large monitors  VGA & DVI  Connections to analog and digital monitors  FireWire  High-speed connections to FireWire devices
  • 32.
    Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 byMcGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Cables Used to connect external devices to the system unit via the ports One end of the cable is attached to the device and the other end has a connector that is attached to a matching connector on the port
  • 33.
    Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 byMcGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Making IT Work for You ~ TV Tuners  Using Windows Media Center as a DVR  Install TV Tuner to connect your computer or cable to your computer
  • 34.
    Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 byMcGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Power Supply  Computers require direct current (DC) power converting alternating current (AC) from wall outlets or batteries  Desktop computers have a power supply unit in the system unit  Laptops use AC adapters in the system unit  Tablets and mobile devices use internal AC adapters  Smartphones can use wireless charging platforms
  • 35.
    Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 byMcGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Electronic Data and Instructions Digital electronic signals  in one of two states: on or off  Recognized by computers Analog signals  Continuous signalvary in strength and quality  Created by voices Conversion must take place from analog to digital before processing can occur
  • 36.
    Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 byMcGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Numeric Representation Two-state binary system consists of only two digits called bits  On = 1; negative charge  Off = 0; no charge Byte = 8 bits grouped together as a unit. A byte represents a single character in the computer Hexadecimal system  Uses 16 digits to represent binary numbers (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F)
  • 37.
    Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 byMcGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Character Encoding Character encoding standards – a unique sequence of binary representation of a particular letter, number or special character. It is used to facilitate communication among computers by using a common language code . Types of Character Encoding:  ASCII  American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)  the most widely used coding scheme to represent data  Used by personal computers  EBCDIC  Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC)  Used by mainframe computers  Unicode  New encoding due to explosion of the Internet  Uses 16 bits  Recognized by virtually all computer systems
  • 38.
    Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 byMcGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. A Look to the Future Wearable computers Send and receive email while jogging Maintain your personal schedule book Remember the names of people at a party
  • 39.
    Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 byMcGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Open-Ended Questions (Page 1 of 3) 1. Describe the five most common types of personal computers. 2. Describe system boards including sockets, chips, chip carriers, slots, and bus lines. 3. Discuss microprocessor components, chips, and specialty processors.
  • 40.
    Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 byMcGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Open-Ended Questions (Page 2 of 3) 4. Define computer memory including RAM, ROM, and flash memory. 5. Define expansion slots, cards, including graphics cards, network interface cards, wireless network cards, and SD cards. 6. Describe bus lines, bus width, system bus, and expansion bus.
  • 41.
    Computing Essentials 2017 © 2017 byMcGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Open-Ended Questions (Page 3 of 3) 7. Define ports including standard and specialized ports. Give examples of each. 8. Describe power supply including power supply units and AC adapters. 9. Discuss electronic data and instructions.

Editor's Notes

  • #4 Inform students about the Computer Buyer’s Guide at the end of the book which provides additional information on purchasing a computer.
  • #5 System unit (key term) is also referred to as the system chassis(Key Term)
  • #6 All computers have a system unit Desktop (key term) – contains electronic components and selected secondary storage. System units are placed in tower units (key term) or tower computers (key term) Laptop (key term) – contains electronic components, secondary devices, and input devices – often called notebook computers (Key Term) Ultrabook or Ultraportables (key term) or mini notebook (key term) are very portable laptops. Lighter, thinner, longer battery life
  • #7 Tablet (Key Term) or tablet computer – flat screen and typically do not have a keyboard. Operating system controls their operations Smartphones (key term) or Hand-held computer systems (key term) – entire computer system is contained in the device. Most popular Wearables (key term) contain embedded computers Smartwatches and Activity Trackers
  • #8 Components are very similar on different devices.
  • #9 System board (key term) or mainboard (key term) or motherboard (key term) – controls communication for the entire computer system All devices and components connect to the system board Acts as a data path and traffic monitor that allows the components to communicate with each other.
  • #10 Sockets (key term) – connection point for chips Chips (key term) contain numerous circuits etched on a small wafer of layers of silicon and other materials Chips are mounted on carrier packages (Key Term) Chips are also referred to as a silicon chip (Key Term), semiconductor (Key Term), or integrated circuit (Key Term)
  • #11 Slots (key term) – connection point for specialized cards or circuit board Provides expansion capability Bus lines (key term) –connecting lines that provide pathways that support communication
  • #12 Central Processing Unit (CPU) (key term) or processor is located on the microprocessor (key term) chip and has two components - the control unit and the arithmetic-logic unit Control Unit (key term) Program instructions Directs flow between memory and Arithmetic-Logic Unit Directs flow between CPU and I/O devices Arithmetic-Logic Unit – ALU (key term) Two types of operations Arithmetic operation (Key Term) such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division Logical operation (Key Term) comparisons such as equal to, less than and greater than
  • #15 A word (Key Term) is the number of bits that can be accessed at one time by the CPU 8 bits group together to form a byte 32 bit word computer can access 4 bytes at a time 64 bit word computer can access 8 bytes at a time Clock speed (key term) – number of times the CPU can fetch and process data and instructions in a second Older computers measured in millionth of a second – microsecond Newer computers measured in billionth of a second – nanosecond Super computers measured in picoseconds
  • #16 Multicore processors (key term) – allow a single computer to run two or more operations at the same time Example: quad-core processor could have one core computing a complex Excel spreadsheet while the other is running a multimedia presentation while the third is running Word and the fourth is running Acess. Parallel Processing (key term) – dividing tasks into parts that can be distributed across each core
  • #17 Specialty processors are designed to handle special functions Coprocessor (key term) chips designed to improve specific computing operations Graphics coprocessor (key term), Graphics Processing Unit Displaying 3-D images and encrypting data Cars may have up to 70 specialty processors now.
  • #18 Memory (key term) – holding area for data, instructions and information RAM (Random-access memory) (Key Term) ROM (Read-only memory) (Key Term) Flash (Key Term)
  • #20 Temporarily holds data and programs being processed by the CPU Volatile - when power shuts off, contents of RAM are emptied Exception - flash RAM can retain data when power disrupted, used in high end portable computers Cache memory (key term) – improves processing by acting as a temporary high-speed holding area between the memory and CPU Area in RAM set aside to store information frequently accessed DIMM (dual in-line memory module) (key term) – additional RAM RAM is also referred to as temporary or volatile storage It is a good idea to save your work in progress to a second a secondary storage device. which is permanent or nonvolatile storage
  • #21 Virtual memory (key term) – dividing a program between memory and storage enabling the system to run very large programs
  • #23 ROM is used for special instructions such as starting the computer, accessing memory and handling keyboard input. Many ROM chips have been replaced by flash memory by many applications
  • #24 Used for a wide-range of applications Used to store start-up instructions; BIOS (basic input/output system) (key term) Flash memory – can retain data even if the power is disrupted Most expensive type of RAM Used for digital telephones, digital video cameras, and portable computers
  • #25 Expansion slots (key term) used to insert expansion cards (key term) Graphics cards (Key term) - provides high quality of 3-D graphics Network Interface Cards (Key Term) (NICs) or Network Adapter Cards) – attaches a user to a network Wireless network cards (key term) – allow computers to be connected to a network without cables SD Cards (key term) – expansion cards for laptops, tablets and smartphones.
  • #26 Bus lines provide (key term) data pathways that connect various system components A bus line is also called a bus (Key Term) Bus width (key term) is the number of bits that can travel at once It is a pathway for bits representing data and instructions A bus is similar to a multilane highway. Every computer has two basic categories of buses System bus (key term) – connects the CPU to memory on the system board Expansion bus (key term) – connects the CPU other components and to slots on the system board
  • #27 Universal Serial Bus (USB) (key term) – most widely userd FireWire buses (key term) – similar to USB but more specialized. used primarily to connect audio and video equipment to the system board PCI Express (PCIe) (key term)– widely used in many of today’s most powerful computers; provides a single dedicated path for each connected device (unlike other buses which share a single bus line or path with several devices.
  • #28 Ports are connecting sockets on the outside of a system unit Ports are often standard features of computer systems and others are more specialized Two types of ports: Standardized Specialized
  • #31 Port (key term) – socket for external devices USB (universal serial bus) (key term) - connects several devices to the system unit Ethernet (key term) – standard for networking, allows you to connect multiple computers for sharing files, or to a DSL or cable modem for internet access HDMI (key term) – High-Definition Multimedia Interface – provides high-definition video and audio Thunderbolt – identified by Apple’s MacBook Pro and provides a high-speed connection Promises to replace a number of ports such as Mini Display port.
  • #32 External Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (eSATA) (key term) – provides a very high-speed hard drive connection Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) (key term) – special ports for connecting musical instruments Mini DisplayPort (MiniDP or mDP) (key term) – Provides a connection for a large monitor VGA and DVI – connections to analog and digital monitors FireWire ports (key term) connects camcorders and storage devices
  • #33 Cables (key term) physical connections for devices to the system unit via ports
  • #35 Direct current (DC) powers computers Desktop computers have a power supply unit (key term) unit located within the system unit Laptop computers use AC adapters (key term) that are located outside the system unit Tablets and mobile devices use AC adapters Smartphones use a wireless charging platforms
  • #36 Digital signals (key terms) – electronic signals only recognized by computers Analog signals (key terms) – created by voice
  • #37 Binary System (key term) – consists of only two digits, 0 and 1. Each 0 or 1 is called a bit (key term) which is short for binary digit 8 bits grouped together is a byte (key term) Binary numbers are difficult to read so they are represented in a hexadecimal system (key term) or hex using 16 digits to represent binary numbers
  • #38 Character encoding standards (key term) assign a unique sequence of bits to each character Historically used ASCII (key term) for microcomputers and EBCDIC (Extended Binary coded Decimal Interchange Code) (key term) for mainframes Unicode (key term) is a new character encoding using 16 bits Uses a variable number of bits to represent each character.
  • #39 Wearable computers already exist for the military In the future, will be used by surgeons in operating rooms