This document discusses different types of business organizations including sole traders, partnerships, limited companies, public limited companies, cooperatives, franchises, and semi-state bodies. It provides information on their formation, ownership, management, finance, profits, risks, and reasons for changing between different structures. Specifically, it outlines the key advantages and disadvantages of each type of business organization.
Organisation chart is very important for company. This will leads to clear communication between employer and employee. For more resources relate to this slides, check out website: www.mybusinessstudies.com for some worksheets to this topic.
A brief introduction here to the concept of delayering - which involves the removal of layers in the organisational hierarchy. Delayering is a key tool or approach in strategic HRM.
Topic 3 Size of business Cambridge AS and A LevelEezy Champion
This document discusses different ways to measure business size and the significance of small businesses. It provides 5 different measures of business size: number of employees, sales turnover, capital employed, market capitalization, and market share. Each measure is explained along with examples. Small businesses are significant because they create jobs, encourage entrepreneurship, provide competition, and can adapt quickly. Government assistance for small businesses includes tax reductions, loan guarantee schemes, and information/advice. The advantages and disadvantages of small and large businesses are also outlined.
ORGANISATIONAL CHANGE & STRESS MANAGEMENT
-Managing Planned change
-Resistance to change
-Overcoming resistance to change
-Politics of change
-Lewin's Three Step Change Model
-Action Research
-Organisational Development
-OD Techniques
-Change issues for today's Managers
Technology in workplace
Stimulating Innovation
Creating & managing a learning organisation
Culture-Bond in organisation
-Work Stress & its management
-Types of stress
-Demand-Resources Model of Stress
-Potential Sources of Stress
-Consequences of Stress
-Not all Stress is Bad
-Burnout
-Stress v/s Burnout
-Managing stress
-Global Implications
-Summary & Managerial Implications
-How to Manage stress.
This document outlines the key topics covered in a chapter on organizational structure from a management textbook. It discusses traditional and contemporary views of work specialization and departmentalization. The five main forms of departmentalization are described. Additional concepts that are defined include chain of command, span of control, centralization, decentralization, and formalization. Factors that influence organizational design decisions such as strategy, size, technology, and environmental uncertainty are also examined. Common traditional and contemporary organizational designs like functional, divisional, team-based and matrix structures are contrasted.
Diversity Management Training In PowerPoint presentation for professionals, Students or want to get related knowledge about the Diversity & other issue normally take place at work.
This chapter explores ideas around the value of teams and team leadership. It discusses that teams can be effective for coordinating interdependent tasks by ensuring information sharing and exchange. However, teams also present a dilemma as individuals must give up some independence. Key aspects of leading teams include providing clear objectives and roles, decision authority, and support. The chapter covers team processes like stages of development and competencies needed. It also addresses challenges of leading virtual teams and handling conflicts.
Organisation chart is very important for company. This will leads to clear communication between employer and employee. For more resources relate to this slides, check out website: www.mybusinessstudies.com for some worksheets to this topic.
A brief introduction here to the concept of delayering - which involves the removal of layers in the organisational hierarchy. Delayering is a key tool or approach in strategic HRM.
Topic 3 Size of business Cambridge AS and A LevelEezy Champion
This document discusses different ways to measure business size and the significance of small businesses. It provides 5 different measures of business size: number of employees, sales turnover, capital employed, market capitalization, and market share. Each measure is explained along with examples. Small businesses are significant because they create jobs, encourage entrepreneurship, provide competition, and can adapt quickly. Government assistance for small businesses includes tax reductions, loan guarantee schemes, and information/advice. The advantages and disadvantages of small and large businesses are also outlined.
ORGANISATIONAL CHANGE & STRESS MANAGEMENT
-Managing Planned change
-Resistance to change
-Overcoming resistance to change
-Politics of change
-Lewin's Three Step Change Model
-Action Research
-Organisational Development
-OD Techniques
-Change issues for today's Managers
Technology in workplace
Stimulating Innovation
Creating & managing a learning organisation
Culture-Bond in organisation
-Work Stress & its management
-Types of stress
-Demand-Resources Model of Stress
-Potential Sources of Stress
-Consequences of Stress
-Not all Stress is Bad
-Burnout
-Stress v/s Burnout
-Managing stress
-Global Implications
-Summary & Managerial Implications
-How to Manage stress.
This document outlines the key topics covered in a chapter on organizational structure from a management textbook. It discusses traditional and contemporary views of work specialization and departmentalization. The five main forms of departmentalization are described. Additional concepts that are defined include chain of command, span of control, centralization, decentralization, and formalization. Factors that influence organizational design decisions such as strategy, size, technology, and environmental uncertainty are also examined. Common traditional and contemporary organizational designs like functional, divisional, team-based and matrix structures are contrasted.
Diversity Management Training In PowerPoint presentation for professionals, Students or want to get related knowledge about the Diversity & other issue normally take place at work.
This chapter explores ideas around the value of teams and team leadership. It discusses that teams can be effective for coordinating interdependent tasks by ensuring information sharing and exchange. However, teams also present a dilemma as individuals must give up some independence. Key aspects of leading teams include providing clear objectives and roles, decision authority, and support. The chapter covers team processes like stages of development and competencies needed. It also addresses challenges of leading virtual teams and handling conflicts.
Specialization, or the division of labor, involves splitting a production process into separate tasks and having each worker perform only one task. This increases productivity as workers focus on tasks they are best at and do not need to switch between tasks. Productivity further increases over time as workers learn faster ways to perform their single repetitive task through experience and training time is reduced. However, specialization can also lead to issues like repetitive motion disorders, loss of flexibility for workers, and greater dependency within the production process.
AS Level Physical Geography - Atmosphere and WeatherArm Punyathorn
Weather influences every part of our daily life. Climate shapes our culture, our history and our civilization. The changes in wind, temperature, humidity can not be underestimated.
Unit 6 external influences on business activity pptIrshad Tunio
The document discusses how governments aim to influence business activity and the economy through various economic objectives and policies. The key objectives for governments are low inflation, low unemployment, economic growth, and a balanced balance of payments. Governments use fiscal policy like taxes and spending, monetary policy involving interest rates, and supply-side policies to achieve these aims. They also regulate business activity to address undesirable impacts on society and the environment.
This document discusses power and influence in the workplace. It identifies different sources of power like expertise, relationships, and formal authority. It also describes influence tactics people can use like rational persuasion, inspirational appeals, and consultation. Finally, it outlines four influence styles: assertive persuasion, reward and punishment, participation and trust, and common vision. The goal is to help people understand how to effectively influence others in appropriate ways.
CAMBRIDGE AS GEOGRAPHY - CASE STUDY: RIVER HARBOURNEGeorge Dumitrache
This case study examines the regular flooding of the village of Harbertonford by the River Harbourne in Devon, England. The river has flooded the village 21 times in the past 60 years due to its flashy nature and the physical geography of its catchment area on Dartmoor. To reduce flooding, a flood storage reservoir and flood defence works were constructed through the village using both hard and soft engineering, including bed lowering, channelization, and storm drains. Flood hazard mapping is also used to identify at-risk areas and plan flood management.
This presentation is suitable for CIE A-Levels' students and teachers who are looking for additional references to teach, learn, study, and make revision. I hope you find it useful.
This document discusses organizational change and its key aspects. It defines organizational change as alternations that occur in a company's overall work environment. Change can result from both external forces like market changes as well as internal forces such as human resource issues. Change happens at various levels from individual to group to the entire organization. There are different types of change including strategic, structural, process-oriented and people-oriented. Successful change management involves three stages - unfreezing the current situation, transitioning to the new change, and refreezing the change to make it permanent. Resistance to change is natural but can be reduced through effective communication and involvement of employees in the change process.
Chapter 4 forms of a business organisationyash gupta
This document provides an overview of different forms of business organizations, including sole traders, partnerships, private limited companies, public limited companies, franchising, public sector organizations, and more. The main points covered are:
- Sole traders are the simplest form and have unlimited liability, while partnerships allow for more capital but also have unlimited liability.
- Private limited companies provide limited liability and allow for sale of shares but have more legal formalities. Public limited companies can raise large amounts of capital by selling shares publicly but have more regulations.
- Other forms include franchising, joint ventures, cooperatives, close corporations, and public sector organizations like public corporations and municipal enterprises.
This document discusses managing diversity in the workplace. It defines diversity as acknowledging differences among people in age, class, ethnicity, gender, ability, race, spirituality, and economic status. Managing diversity means planning systems to maximize the benefits of diversity while minimizing disadvantages. A diverse workforce can stimulate creativity, improve customer service, enhance problem-solving, and create a flexible and happy workforce. Challenges include ensuring fairness, managing resistance to change, and reducing conflicts. The document recommends creating an inclusive environment, avoiding stereotyping, and employing diversity managers.
The document discusses the design of effective organizational interventions. It defines an intervention as a set of planned actions intended to increase organizational effectiveness by disrupting the status quo. Effective interventions are relevant to organizational needs, are based on causal knowledge of intended outcomes, and transfer change management skills to members. The design of interventions considers contingencies like readiness for change, capabilities, and cultural context. Interventions can target human processes, technostructure, human resources management, or strategy. Examples provided include coaching, reengineering, and culture change.
Organizational Behavior-Foundations of Group BehaviorChhavi Sharma
The document discusses groups and group behavior. It defines what groups are and different types of groups like formal and informal groups. It also discusses reasons why people form groups, including group synergy and support. The document outlines stages of group development from forming to adjourning. It discusses concepts like norms, conformity, status, and decision making in groups. It provides an example case study of a marketing team project and questions to analyze factors in its poor performance.
Coordination is the integration and synchronization of group efforts to accomplish common objectives. It ensures smooth interplay of management functions and achieves goals efficiently without waste. Coordination is not a separate function but is inherent in all management functions like planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. It requires balancing, timing, and integrating diverse specialized activities to establish harmony and unity of action. The key principles of effective coordination include direct contact, continuity, dynamism, timing, and reciprocal relationships.
Departmentation is the process of grouping work activities into departments or divisions. There are several strategies for departmentation including functional, product, customer, geographic, and process. Functional departmentation groups by function like marketing, production, HR, etc. It allows for specialization but can lack responsibility for results. Product departmentation groups by product line and ensures better customer service but can be expensive due to duplication. Customer departmentation focuses on customer needs but coordination may be difficult. Geographic departmentation helps cater to local needs but can have communication and coordination challenges. Process departmentation orients towards the end result but can have conflicts between managers.
This document discusses team formation and the stages a team goes through: forming, storming, norming, and performing. It explains that forming involves high dependence on the leader, unclear roles, and questions about the team's purpose. Storming includes difficulties in decision making, factions forming, and potential power struggles. During norming, agreement forms, roles are clear, and decisions are made by consensus. In performing, the team has a shared vision, can work independently of the leader, and resolves disagreements positively.
Technology impacts organizations in several ways:
1. It can reduce costs and increase productivity and quality by automating processes and making information more accessible.
2. It changes the workforce by reducing the need for skilled labor as routine tasks are taken over by technology.
3. There are differing views on if technology deskills or enriches jobs - it may take over repetitive tasks but provide tools for workers to be more creative.
4. Information systems flatten organizations by pushing decision making lower in hierarchies and reducing the need for managers as technology speeds up decisions.
The document discusses managing diversity in the workforce. It covers trends in the changing demographics of the US workforce including more women working and increasing ethnic diversity. It discusses government policies promoting equal employment opportunities. Effective diversity management practices that companies can adopt are outlined, including recruitment, support for minority employees, and work-life balance programs. Managing diversity brings competitive advantages like attracting diverse talent and better serving diverse customer bases.
David Cane, an American manager, hired three French programmers and was concerned about potential cultural problems in communicating and managing them effectively. The main issue was the difference in "power distance" between French and American cultures. The document provided tips for improving cross-cultural communication, including learning how different cultures prefer to receive information, assigning mentors, being involved in helping new employees adjust outside of work, using open-door communication carefully, and keeping discussions focused on business goals and requirements.
Lecture 1 lo1 a organisational change fundamentalsfaiz rasool
This document discusses organizational change and the factors involved. It defines organizational change as modifications to an organization's structure, processes, or products that impact how work is performed. Changes can include altering the organization's structure, operations, roles, or working conditions. Changes can be planned, resulting from deliberate decisions, or unplanned and imposed on the organization. Managing resistance to change is also discussed, including the importance of communication, participation, empathy, negotiation, and other strategies.
Chapter 20 lc business business the economy com devDave Dempsey
The document provides an overview of community development and economic concepts. It discusses what an economy is and different types of economies. It also examines factors of production and various economic variables that impact businesses. Community development is defined as efforts by local communities to solve economic and social problems. Examples are given of local development projects and benefits they provide. Several organizations that support community development through training, grants and other assistance are also outlined.
Chapter 4 lc business enterprise and entrepreneursDave Dempsey
This chapter discusses entrepreneurs and enterprise. It defines enterprise as using initiative to come up with business ideas and defines an entrepreneur as someone who spots opportunities and is willing to take risks to pursue something new. It provides examples of Irish entrepreneurs and discusses characteristics and skills of successful entrepreneurs. It explores how enterprise works in different settings and the importance of enterprise for economic and societal benefits like jobs, tax revenue, and improved standards of living. Reasons for Ireland's growing enterprise culture include education, role models, EU membership, and government supports.
Specialization, or the division of labor, involves splitting a production process into separate tasks and having each worker perform only one task. This increases productivity as workers focus on tasks they are best at and do not need to switch between tasks. Productivity further increases over time as workers learn faster ways to perform their single repetitive task through experience and training time is reduced. However, specialization can also lead to issues like repetitive motion disorders, loss of flexibility for workers, and greater dependency within the production process.
AS Level Physical Geography - Atmosphere and WeatherArm Punyathorn
Weather influences every part of our daily life. Climate shapes our culture, our history and our civilization. The changes in wind, temperature, humidity can not be underestimated.
Unit 6 external influences on business activity pptIrshad Tunio
The document discusses how governments aim to influence business activity and the economy through various economic objectives and policies. The key objectives for governments are low inflation, low unemployment, economic growth, and a balanced balance of payments. Governments use fiscal policy like taxes and spending, monetary policy involving interest rates, and supply-side policies to achieve these aims. They also regulate business activity to address undesirable impacts on society and the environment.
This document discusses power and influence in the workplace. It identifies different sources of power like expertise, relationships, and formal authority. It also describes influence tactics people can use like rational persuasion, inspirational appeals, and consultation. Finally, it outlines four influence styles: assertive persuasion, reward and punishment, participation and trust, and common vision. The goal is to help people understand how to effectively influence others in appropriate ways.
CAMBRIDGE AS GEOGRAPHY - CASE STUDY: RIVER HARBOURNEGeorge Dumitrache
This case study examines the regular flooding of the village of Harbertonford by the River Harbourne in Devon, England. The river has flooded the village 21 times in the past 60 years due to its flashy nature and the physical geography of its catchment area on Dartmoor. To reduce flooding, a flood storage reservoir and flood defence works were constructed through the village using both hard and soft engineering, including bed lowering, channelization, and storm drains. Flood hazard mapping is also used to identify at-risk areas and plan flood management.
This presentation is suitable for CIE A-Levels' students and teachers who are looking for additional references to teach, learn, study, and make revision. I hope you find it useful.
This document discusses organizational change and its key aspects. It defines organizational change as alternations that occur in a company's overall work environment. Change can result from both external forces like market changes as well as internal forces such as human resource issues. Change happens at various levels from individual to group to the entire organization. There are different types of change including strategic, structural, process-oriented and people-oriented. Successful change management involves three stages - unfreezing the current situation, transitioning to the new change, and refreezing the change to make it permanent. Resistance to change is natural but can be reduced through effective communication and involvement of employees in the change process.
Chapter 4 forms of a business organisationyash gupta
This document provides an overview of different forms of business organizations, including sole traders, partnerships, private limited companies, public limited companies, franchising, public sector organizations, and more. The main points covered are:
- Sole traders are the simplest form and have unlimited liability, while partnerships allow for more capital but also have unlimited liability.
- Private limited companies provide limited liability and allow for sale of shares but have more legal formalities. Public limited companies can raise large amounts of capital by selling shares publicly but have more regulations.
- Other forms include franchising, joint ventures, cooperatives, close corporations, and public sector organizations like public corporations and municipal enterprises.
This document discusses managing diversity in the workplace. It defines diversity as acknowledging differences among people in age, class, ethnicity, gender, ability, race, spirituality, and economic status. Managing diversity means planning systems to maximize the benefits of diversity while minimizing disadvantages. A diverse workforce can stimulate creativity, improve customer service, enhance problem-solving, and create a flexible and happy workforce. Challenges include ensuring fairness, managing resistance to change, and reducing conflicts. The document recommends creating an inclusive environment, avoiding stereotyping, and employing diversity managers.
The document discusses the design of effective organizational interventions. It defines an intervention as a set of planned actions intended to increase organizational effectiveness by disrupting the status quo. Effective interventions are relevant to organizational needs, are based on causal knowledge of intended outcomes, and transfer change management skills to members. The design of interventions considers contingencies like readiness for change, capabilities, and cultural context. Interventions can target human processes, technostructure, human resources management, or strategy. Examples provided include coaching, reengineering, and culture change.
Organizational Behavior-Foundations of Group BehaviorChhavi Sharma
The document discusses groups and group behavior. It defines what groups are and different types of groups like formal and informal groups. It also discusses reasons why people form groups, including group synergy and support. The document outlines stages of group development from forming to adjourning. It discusses concepts like norms, conformity, status, and decision making in groups. It provides an example case study of a marketing team project and questions to analyze factors in its poor performance.
Coordination is the integration and synchronization of group efforts to accomplish common objectives. It ensures smooth interplay of management functions and achieves goals efficiently without waste. Coordination is not a separate function but is inherent in all management functions like planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. It requires balancing, timing, and integrating diverse specialized activities to establish harmony and unity of action. The key principles of effective coordination include direct contact, continuity, dynamism, timing, and reciprocal relationships.
Departmentation is the process of grouping work activities into departments or divisions. There are several strategies for departmentation including functional, product, customer, geographic, and process. Functional departmentation groups by function like marketing, production, HR, etc. It allows for specialization but can lack responsibility for results. Product departmentation groups by product line and ensures better customer service but can be expensive due to duplication. Customer departmentation focuses on customer needs but coordination may be difficult. Geographic departmentation helps cater to local needs but can have communication and coordination challenges. Process departmentation orients towards the end result but can have conflicts between managers.
This document discusses team formation and the stages a team goes through: forming, storming, norming, and performing. It explains that forming involves high dependence on the leader, unclear roles, and questions about the team's purpose. Storming includes difficulties in decision making, factions forming, and potential power struggles. During norming, agreement forms, roles are clear, and decisions are made by consensus. In performing, the team has a shared vision, can work independently of the leader, and resolves disagreements positively.
Technology impacts organizations in several ways:
1. It can reduce costs and increase productivity and quality by automating processes and making information more accessible.
2. It changes the workforce by reducing the need for skilled labor as routine tasks are taken over by technology.
3. There are differing views on if technology deskills or enriches jobs - it may take over repetitive tasks but provide tools for workers to be more creative.
4. Information systems flatten organizations by pushing decision making lower in hierarchies and reducing the need for managers as technology speeds up decisions.
The document discusses managing diversity in the workforce. It covers trends in the changing demographics of the US workforce including more women working and increasing ethnic diversity. It discusses government policies promoting equal employment opportunities. Effective diversity management practices that companies can adopt are outlined, including recruitment, support for minority employees, and work-life balance programs. Managing diversity brings competitive advantages like attracting diverse talent and better serving diverse customer bases.
David Cane, an American manager, hired three French programmers and was concerned about potential cultural problems in communicating and managing them effectively. The main issue was the difference in "power distance" between French and American cultures. The document provided tips for improving cross-cultural communication, including learning how different cultures prefer to receive information, assigning mentors, being involved in helping new employees adjust outside of work, using open-door communication carefully, and keeping discussions focused on business goals and requirements.
Lecture 1 lo1 a organisational change fundamentalsfaiz rasool
This document discusses organizational change and the factors involved. It defines organizational change as modifications to an organization's structure, processes, or products that impact how work is performed. Changes can include altering the organization's structure, operations, roles, or working conditions. Changes can be planned, resulting from deliberate decisions, or unplanned and imposed on the organization. Managing resistance to change is also discussed, including the importance of communication, participation, empathy, negotiation, and other strategies.
Chapter 20 lc business business the economy com devDave Dempsey
The document provides an overview of community development and economic concepts. It discusses what an economy is and different types of economies. It also examines factors of production and various economic variables that impact businesses. Community development is defined as efforts by local communities to solve economic and social problems. Examples are given of local development projects and benefits they provide. Several organizations that support community development through training, grants and other assistance are also outlined.
Chapter 4 lc business enterprise and entrepreneursDave Dempsey
This chapter discusses entrepreneurs and enterprise. It defines enterprise as using initiative to come up with business ideas and defines an entrepreneur as someone who spots opportunities and is willing to take risks to pursue something new. It provides examples of Irish entrepreneurs and discusses characteristics and skills of successful entrepreneurs. It explores how enterprise works in different settings and the importance of enterprise for economic and societal benefits like jobs, tax revenue, and improved standards of living. Reasons for Ireland's growing enterprise culture include education, role models, EU membership, and government supports.
Chapter 5 lc introduction to managementDave Dempsey
This document provides an overview of management concepts including:
1) It defines management as the process of bringing together all resources like people, finance, machinery, and materials to get work done by setting and achieving objectives.
2) It lists some key characteristics of effective managers such as being problem solvers, decisive, good communicators, and having self-belief and charisma.
3) It outlines that management occurs in different contexts like at home, school, local communities, and government and will be explored further in later chapters.
A true Story of how a crooked judge and liars can come together and destroy an innocent family. The Granger were set up and put in jail on a total lie. Jefferson county set up a jury and changed documents to put us in jail.
This very short document does not contain enough substantive information to summarize in 3 sentences or less. It consists of only 3 words - "Something", "about", and "me" - without any context or connecting information.
Google Maps was previously the default map application on the iPhone, but Apple removed it and replaced it with their own Apple Maps application. However, Apple Maps had many inaccuracies in its data and was missing important features like transit directions and traffic information that users had come to rely on in Google Maps. As a result, Apple Maps received significant criticism and users wanted Google Maps returned to the iPhone.
The document discusses effective communication, including the goals of communication, benefits of effective communication, and essentials for effective communication. It describes communication as the exchange of information between individuals through symbols or behaviors. The four main goals of communication are to inform, request, persuade, and build relationships. The 10 essentials of effective communication include knowing your audience, respecting them, having a clear objective, organizing before communicating, and listening to feedback.
This document outlines the relationships between different economic measures including gross domestic product, gross national product, net national product, and net national income. It shows how factor costs, subsidies, indirect taxes, and net income from abroad relate to and are used to calculate these key economic aggregates.
The 2013 budget will introduce several new taxes and increase existing taxes. A local property tax of 0.18-0.25% of market value will be introduced. Child benefit will be reduced by €10 per month. Excise duties will rise on alcohol, cigarettes, and fuels. Prescription charges for medical card holders will triple. Third level student contributions will increase by €250 per year. Capital gains and inheritance taxes will also rise by 3%.
This document provides a refreshers guide to bookkeeping concepts. It discusses books of first entry like general journals, control accounts, and day books. It explains key bookkeeping principles such as debits and credits, the EARL rule, and how to complete ledger and control accounts. Examples are provided for journal entries, control accounts for debtors and creditors, and entries in the day books. The document is intended as a review for accounting students and professionals.
Chapter 7 lc business management skills communicationDave Dempsey
This document summarizes key topics around management communication skills. It discusses what communication is, principles of effective communication, barriers to communication, and implications of poor communication for businesses. It also covers different types of communication, meetings, memos, reports and letters. The document provides guidance on choosing communication methods and discusses internal versus external communication. Overall, the summary emphasizes the importance of effective communication for businesses and provides best practices for managers.
Chapter 3 lc bus conflict in workplaceDave Dempsey
This document provides an overview of resolving conflict in the workplace and key areas of industrial relations legislation in Ireland. It discusses what industrial relations are, how pay and conditions are negotiated, types of industrial action, and the roles of the Labour Relations Commission and Labour Court. Key acts discussed include the Industrial Relations Act 1990, Employment Equality Act 1998, and Unfair Dismissals Acts 1977-2007. The purpose of these acts is to define and regulate trade disputes, protect employees' rights, promote equal treatment, and provide recourse for unfair dismissal.
Chapter 1 lc business intro to people in businessDave Dempsey
This document discusses key topics relating to business including what business is, who the stakeholders are, and how business impacts its stakeholders. It defines business as an organization set up to provide goods or services to customers. The main stakeholders identified are entrepreneurs, investors, employers, employees, producers, suppliers, service providers, customers, society, government, and interest groups. It explores how businesses can impact these stakeholders both positively, such as through job creation and tax revenue, and negatively, for example through environmental damage. The document also examines cooperative and competitive relationships in business and potential causes of conflict.
The document discusses the factors of production (land, labor, capital, enterprise), primary sectors (agriculture, fishing, forestry), secondary sectors (construction, manufacturing including agribusiness, TNCs, and indigenous firms), and tertiary sectors (financial services, tourism). It provides details on trends and challenges facing each sector, such as declining EU grants for agriculture, restrictions on fishing quotas, slow returns on forestry investment, decreased construction during economic downturns, and growth of the technology industry in Ireland.
Chapter 2 lc business conflict in marketplaceDave Dempsey
The document provides an overview of resolving conflicts in business contracts and protecting consumer rights. It discusses contract law elements, terminating contracts, and remedies for breach of contract. It also outlines the Sale of Goods and Supply of Services Act 1980 and Consumer Protection Act 2007, which set standards for goods, services, and advertising. The document notes non-legislative and legislative approaches for resolving consumer disputes, such as talking to retailers, seeking help from consumer organizations, or using the Small Claims Court.
Enterprise refers to starting a new business or initiative with vision and risk-taking. An entrepreneur applies enterprise by setting up a business, while an intrapreneur works within an existing organization to develop new ideas. The document then discusses characteristics of successful entrepreneurs such as confidence, flexibility, and innovation. It also outlines important enterprise skills like planning, decision-making, and managing people. The document provides examples of enterprise in different contexts and discusses why enterprise is important for economic growth.
This document contains a list of business-related topics that can be clicked on for more information. The topics include barriers to effective communication, categories of industry, control, economic variables, enterprise skills, EU directives and regulations, forms of business ownership, human resource management, insurance principles, management skills and activities, promotional mix, risk management, sources of new product ideas, stages of new product development, stakeholders, SWOT analysis, technology, types of production, and more.
This document provides an introduction and overview of the FIN1613: Business Finance course at the Australian School of Business, UNSW. It outlines the key concepts that will be covered, including world views on business ownership and investment decisions. It discusses the roles and responsibilities of financial managers in making investment and financing decisions. It also defines important terminology related to firm ownership structures, including sole traders, partnerships, corporations, equity, debt, and agency costs. The document compares the characteristics of different types of business entities and ownership.
The UK has a mixed economy with both public and private sectors. Primary production involves acquiring raw materials through activities like mining, drilling, and tapping. Secondary production manufactures and assembles raw materials into components and products. Tertiary production supports production and distribution through services like transportation, retail, and insurance. These stages form the chain of production that provides consumers with finished goods.
The document compares the legal structures of sole proprietorship, partnership, and corporation for startups. A sole proprietorship gives complete control to one owner but they are liable for all business debts. A partnership allows for sharing of ideas but partners are jointly liable for each other's actions. A corporation provides the most legal protection for owners but costs more time and money to establish. In conclusion, each structure has advantages and disadvantages regarding liability, funding opportunities, and decision-making control for a new business.
This document compares the main types of business organizations: sole proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, and franchises. It outlines the key characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and examples of each type. Sole proprietorships are owned by one person, partnerships by two or more people, corporations are owned by stockholders but treated as a single entity, and franchises operate under a contractual agreement with a parent company.
The document compares the advantages and disadvantages of sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations. Sole proprietorships have fewer regulations but the owner is fully liable, while corporations have limited liability but higher costs. Partnerships are inexpensive but partners can have conflicts. Overall, corporations have the most advantages due to limited liability, but partnerships have the most disadvantages due to potential conflicts between partners.
This document provides an overview of different types of business entities in Singapore, including their key features, advantages, and disadvantages. It discusses sole proprietorships, general partnerships, limited liability partnerships, and private limited companies. Sole proprietorships are the simplest but riskiest, while private limited companies provide liability protection for shareholders but have higher setup and ongoing compliance costs. The document aims to help business owners choose the best entity structure for their needs and investment.
Lead share alternative_financing_presentationmehtanuj
Small business owners face challenges accessing traditional bank financing. This document discusses alternative financing options for small businesses, including accounts receivable financing, friends and family loans, purchase order financing, angel investors, merchant cash advances, peer-to-peer lending, and equipment leasing. It also introduces Compound Profit, an alternative financing provider that offers various financing solutions to help small businesses grow and become profitable.
The document discusses incorporating a business and forming an LLC. It provides information about the Company Corporation which helps businesses incorporate or form LLCs. Key benefits of incorporating discussed are personal asset protection, tax savings, credibility, and perpetual existence. The incorporation process through their website takes 10 minutes or less and guides customers through selecting a business structure and state, filling out paperwork, and filing with the state.
BUSINESS UNITS
Definition
Is an organization or firm that deals in the production or distribution of commodities usually for the purpose of making profit. It may be set up by an individual or group of individuals and its size depends on the amount of capital invested.
FORMS OF BUSINESS UNIT
(i) Public sector
(ii) Private sector
PUBLIC SECTOR
The public sectors comprise of business organization owned by the government. The sector consist of the following;
Public cooperation
Public companies
Local government authorities
Parastatals
PRIVATE SECTOR
The private sectors comprise of business organization owned by private individuals. The sector consist of the
This document discusses considerations for selecting a corporate tax structure and compares the tax implications of sole proprietorships, partnerships, S corporations, and C corporations. It covers factors to consider like financing, liability, profits/losses, exits, and employees. Each structure is then summarized in terms of separate taxation, taxation of income, contributions of property, and special allocations or elections. The presenters are available to answer questions.
This document provides information on different types of business entities and their characteristics. It discusses the key differences between sole proprietorships, partnerships, and limited companies. Sole proprietorships are owned and operated by one individual, while partnerships involve two or more individuals who have joint ownership and liability. Limited companies exist as separate legal entities that can raise capital through issuing shares.
Ch. 2 organizing and financing a new business itmamul akwan_825839_recordingItmamul Akwan
This document outlines the key considerations for organizing and financing a new business. It discusses the main forms of business organization including proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, and limited liability companies. It examines the tax implications and capital raising abilities of each structure. The document also covers intellectual property protection methods, common sources of seed and startup financing, and the components of a basic balance sheet including assets, liabilities, and owner's equity.
Deciding to buy an existing practice as a strategic growth initiative can be very rewarding and a rapid way to grow a revenue base. Planning and preparing are essential for a successful outcome. This PPT tries to outline the process of finding a suitable candidate firm as well as walk through the stages ad steps between and initial meeting and a signed contract. Good luck if this is a direction you are considering - keep pragmatism and analysis in front of enthusiasm and desire and you can be very successful.
This document discusses different forms of business ownership including sole proprietorships, partnerships, close corporations, and private and public companies. A sole proprietorship is owned and run by one individual who receives all profits but also bears unlimited responsibility for losses and debts. Partnerships involve two or more individuals who share profits but are also jointly and individually liable. Close corporations are simple entities with 1-10 members that provide liability protection. Private companies have restrictions on shareholders while public companies can sell shares publicly. The document compares advantages like flexibility with disadvantages like unlimited liability for each form of ownership.
This document discusses different forms of business ownership and legal structures for startups. It provides an overview of common forms like sole proprietorships, partnerships, limited companies, and corporations. The document also includes assignments for understanding these structures better by researching examples of companies that use each form and comparing business ownership across different European countries. The goal is to help startups choose the most appropriate legal form for their needs.
There are four main classifications of business:
1. According to ownership - including sole trader, partnership, private limited, and public limited companies.
2. Collaborative - franchises, licensing, and joint ventures allow businesses to work together.
3. Sector wise - private, public, and quasi-government sectors.
4. Ecommerce - online business models like B2B, B2C, and C2C involve the exchange of goods and services over the internet.
Pillay Ronal Anthony Roll no;79 assignment 1.pdffiweif
The document discusses different types of business organizations including sole proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, and cooperatives. It covers the key characteristics of each type of business organization such as sole proprietorships being owned by one individual, partnerships having two or more owners who share profits and liability, corporations being legally separate entities from their owners with transferable shares, and cooperatives being jointly-owned organizations that provide services to their members. The document also compares the advantages and disadvantages of each type of business organization and factors to consider when choosing between them such as capital requirements, liability, and tax implications.
This document discusses different forms of business organizations that an entrepreneur can pursue, including sole proprietorships, partnerships, private limited companies, public limited companies, and holding companies. It provides details on the key features, advantages, and disadvantages of each type of business structure. Sole proprietorships are owned by one person who is solely responsible for risks and profits/losses. Partnerships involve two or more owners who share risks, profits, and losses. Private and public limited companies separate the business from its owners, who have limited liability. Holding companies control other companies as subsidiaries.
The document compares the advantages and disadvantages of sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations. Sole proprietorships allow owners to keep all profits but they are liable for all debts. Partnerships allow sharing of ideas but require splitting profits and losses. Corporations can raise money but have higher establishment costs and provide limited liability. Most advantages are seen in corporations and partnerships, while sole proprietorships have the most disadvantages.
Setting up a sole proprietorship has advantages like total independence, sole ownership of profits, and low startup costs, but disadvantages include unlimited personal liability, limited access to capital, and business ending if the owner leaves. Corporations are more complex legal entities separate from owners, but establishing one has challenges like high incorporation costs and annual reporting requirements. While not required, partnership agreements outline responsibilities and prevent disputes; contents typically address ownership, profits/losses, capital contributions, and more. Franchise benefits include an established brand and support system, but costs are high and flexibility is limited by contractual obligations to the franchisor.
Similar to Chapter 19 lc business business organisations (20)
2. Key Areas
• Which type of Business Organisation should be
set up…
– Sole Trader
Generally asked to
– Partnership distinguish between
– Ltd Company these
– Public Ltd company
– Business alliances (last chapter)
– Franchising
– Co-ops
• Why would you change between these?
• State involvement in business
D. Dempsey
3. Structures differ in terms of:
• Formation & Dissolution
• Ownership
• Control Things to bare in mind
• Management for question on
Distinguish between
• Finance different forms of
• Profits ownership
• Risk
D. Dempsey
4. Sole Trader
• Own & manage own business
• E.g. hairdresser, mechanic, plumber etc
Formation:- Easy-
Register business name with Companies Reg
office if different from your own name
May require licence e.g. pub
D. Dempsey
6. Print
Sole Trader Advantages Disadvantages
Formation & Dissolution Easy to form Business dies with person
Easily changed
Ownership & control Single person
Full control
Management & Finance Quick decision making Long hours, few hols
Account privacy Hard to raise all finance
Little paperwork themselves
Hard to be an expert at
everything with no
partner
Profits & Risk Keep all profits take all risk (unlimited
liability)
D. Dempsey
8. Partnership
• 2-20 people in business together with a view
to make a profit.
• Formation- simple- Register business name &
register with the Revenue Commissioners
• Deed of partnership (recommended)
– How much invested by each
– How profits are shared
– Salaries to be paid
D. Dempsey
10. Print
Partnerships Advantages Disadvantages
Easy to form New partnership must be
Formation & drawn up when partner
Deed of partnership
Dissolution leaves/dies
Work shared among Disagreements
Management & partners- less stress Delayed decision-making
Finance Better decision making Harder to borrow than a
Extra finance & expertise co.
with new partners
Synergy-sum of talent of Shared profits
Profits & Risk partners exceeds their Unlimited Liablity
individual
contributions=greater
profits
D. Dempsey
11. Note…
Changes in Business Ownership
Pos Q
structures by Businesses
Reasons for change form Sole Trader to Partnership
• New partners bring additional capital for expansion
• New partners bring new expertise and skills to the business
• Risks involved in the business are shared
• Workload of a Sole Trader can be shared in a partnership
D. Dempsey
13. Limited Company
• Businesses are owned by investors called shareholders who
contribute money to a common fund called share capital
• This money is used to finance the business.
• Profits are shared among the shareholders in the form of
dividends
• Limited Liability-Shareholders only loose their investment if
business goes bankrupt
• LTD
• PLC- shares freely bought & sold on stock exchange
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14. How are companies run?
Shareholders
elect
Board of Directors
recruit
Managers
run
Finance Operation Personnel Marketing
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15. See Page 338
Private Limited Company
• 1-99
• Limited Liability
• “Ltd”
• Own legal entity because of the business birth
cert called…
• Publish accounts
• Voting…1 share = 1 vote…3 = 3 votes
D. Dempsey
16. Forming a Private Ltd Company
3 Documents…F A1, M o A, A o A
Registrar of Companies office + legal fee
Certificate of incorporation
Statutory Meeting
2010 Q2 poorly
answered Ready to go!
D. Dempsey
21. Print
LTD Company Advantages Disadvantages
Formation & Dissolution Co. Legally independent Setting up is complex &
of owners, continue to time consuming
exist after a death
Ownership & control Owned by shareholders-
easy & cheap to transfer
ownership by sell shares
Management & Finance Easy to raise finance by On-going paperwork
selling shares
Annual account audit
Give shares to staff to help
motivate them Annual report to CRO
available to public
Incorporated- Improves
buss. image & credit
worthiness
Profits & Risk Limited Liability Profits shared among
Profits shared shareholders
D. Dempsey
22. Changes in Business Ownership
Note… Pos Q
structures by Businesses
Reasons for change from Sole Trader to Private Limited Company
• The Business can raise additional finance for expansion from up to 50
shareholders
• The business can gain additional expertise through new owners
• The owners get all the protection of Ltd Liability
• As a limited Company, the Business will find it easier to borrow from
banks
• The continuity of the Business is assured because if a shareholder
dies, the company carries on
D. Dempsey
24. Co-ops 7 + members
• A Co-Op is formed when a group of people pool their
resources in capital, skills, and trade to improve their position
by working together for their mutual benefit
• Democratically owned & controlled by their members.
Members may be workers, suppliers or customers. Each
member has 1 vote irrespective of shares
• Limited Liability
• Producer Co-op-farmers or fishermen eg. Kerry Co-op who
market & sell their produce
• Worker Co-op- Workers pool their savings to start a business
together eg Taxi firm
• Credit Union D. Dempsey
25. Print
Co-op’s
Advantage Disadvantage
Formation & Equal voting More complex , time-consuming &
Dissolution regardless of no. of expensive than sole trader or
shares partnership.
Difficult to cash in shares without
member approval
Management & One member= one Annual audit & annual return to
Finance vote- CRO
Easier to qualify for Difficult to raise finance
grants & loans than
sole traders &
partnerships
Profits & Risk Limited Liability Profits shared among members
D. Dempsey
27. Public Limited Company
• At least 7 shareholders & no max no.
• PLC shares can be freely bought & sold on
stock exchange
• Formation: starts off as a Private Ltd. Co. &
applies to the stock exchange for a listing
(quotation).
D. Dempsey
29. Print
PLC’s Advantage Disadvantage
Ownership & Cheap & easy to transfer ownership Registering as a PLC complex &
Control from one person to another time-consuming and costly
Mgt & finance PLC have access to large amt of Must comply with Co.’s Acts.
finance by selling more shares. Detailed info made public-
Reward staff by giving them shares reduces confidentiality
in the co. PLC’s attract more public
Credit-worthiness improved attention
Stock market quotation gives Easy take-over targets as
prestige & status shares on stock exchange
Profits & Risk Limited Liability Many shareholders short term
speculators & expect high
dividends- a lot of pressure on
directors
D. Dempsey
30. Note… Pos Q
Changes in Business Ownership
structures by Businesses
Reasons for changing from a Co-op to a PLC
In recent years the biggest agri co-ops in Ireland have become PLCs
(Kerry Coop, Waterford Coop, and Avonmore Coop) Waterford +
Avonmore merged to form Glanbia PLC. Some reasons for this are as
follows:
• Coop model restricts the ability to raise capital, whereas the PLC
has access to large amounts
• Becoming PLC allows a business to raise equity. General public
outside farming.
• PLC status makes easier expansion into international markets
• PLC status allows economies of scale and allow compete with large
internationals on price
• Formation of the PLC allows farmers the opp’ to realise their
investment by selling their shares on stock exchange
• Takeovers of other firms can be paid for through the issue of shares
D. Dempsey
31. Franchising
Is an agreement whereby a person is granted
permission to produce a product or service to a
proscribed formula in return for a fee. The
franchisee may set up the business as a sole Trader,
partnership or Ltd company. The Franchiser receives
an initial fee and a % of profits or turnover from
each franchise
D. Dempsey
32. Benefits to Franchisee Disadvantages to franchisee
• Ready made business • Initial Payment
• Established business more • + Royalty
likely to succeed than new • Loss of control, franchisor
• Economies of scale in imposes restrictions to protect
advertising, production, their name, product etc.
purchasing etc • Unable to sell business
• Guarantee of no competition without franchiser permission
in specified area • Each franchisee must achieve
• Standardised same standards as other
product…customers know outlets
what they are getting • Some outlets achieve bad rep
• Ongoing training, Advice, for all outlets
assistance with marketing,
mgmt etc
• Cost of buying franchise may
be lower than setting up bus
D. Dempsey
35. Semi-State Bodies
Ref : page 344
Semi-State bodies are often criticised for the following reasons:
• Often accused of being inefficient
• Usually heavily unionised and therefore employees are inflexible and
resistant to change
• Many are run at a loss and are therefore subsidised by the taxpayer
• Many are poorly capitalised as there is only one shareholder: the state.
Much of their capital is borrowed which leaves them highly geared
• The may be very bureaucratic and therefore overly concerned with red
tape and procedures
• Some people feel that decisions taken by some semi-state bodies are
often for political reasons, rather than in the best interest of the
country/economy D. Dempsey