Chapter 14 section 4
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There were three main social groups in the antebellum South: planters who owned 20 or more slaves and comprised 1% of the population, small farmers who owned some land and 1-2 slaves making up 75% of whites, and poor whites who rented land. Free African Americans faced discrimination through laws restricting their movement and rights in an attempt to prevent rebellion or proving self-sufficiency. Slave codes further stripped enslaved African Americans of rights by prohibiting assembly, travel without permission, gun ownership, education, and testimony in court. Despite long workdays and family separation, slaves resisted through close family units and religious worship where allowed.
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This document discusses slavery and its role in causing sectionalism and the Civil War. It provides details on the slave experience, including that most slaves were not considered people and were separated from their families. It also discusses the key election of 1860 and the secession of southern states after Lincoln's victory. The economy and way of life differed between the northern and southern states, with the south dependent on slavery and cotton production. Disagreements over states' rights, tariffs and the potential abolition of slavery increased tensions between the sections.
The death of slavery
After the end of slavery during the Civil War, white southerners feared the collapse of the economy and loss of racial hierarchy. This led to the development of Black Codes that curtailed the freedoms of African Americans and forced them into labor contracts. Federal legislation like the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments along with the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and the Freedmen's Bureau attempted to protect the rights of freed slaves and provide assistance. However, southern states later instituted racial segregation and Jim Crow laws to maintain the racial caste system and white supremacy.
Trailoftears
The document summarizes the Trail of Tears, which was the forced relocation of Native American tribes from the Southeast U.S. to lands west of the Mississippi River in the 1830s. It discusses the Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Seminole tribes being removed from their homelands in Tennessee, Alabama, North Carolina, and Georgia and sent to Indian Territory due to the Indian Removal Act passed by Congress to open more lands for white settlement. During the forced march thousands of Native Americans died from exposure, disease, and starvation.
Trail of tears
The Trail of Tears was the forced relocation of the Cherokee nation from their homelands in Georgia to Indian Territory in present-day Oklahoma in the 1830s. Over 7,000 American troops removed the Cherokee despite a Supreme Court ruling in their favor, resulting in thousands of Cherokee dying along the way. The removal was driven by white settlers wanting Cherokee lands for farming and mining, as well as President Andrew Jackson's goal of Indian removal. The Trail of Tears is considered one of the most tragic events in American history due to the cruel treatment and many deaths of the Cherokee people.
Trail of Tears
This document summarizes key events involving the forced removal of Native American tribes from their eastern lands in the 1830s. It describes how the Black Hawk War led to the Sauk tribe being forced out of Illinois, then the passage of the Indian Removal Act allowing the federal government to relocate tribes west of the Mississippi River against their will. It discusses how the Cherokee tribe, who had adopted aspects of white culture, sued Georgia over the seizure of their lands, but President Jackson refused to enforce the Supreme Court ruling in their favor. Finally, it outlines how the Cherokee were then forcibly marched west on the Trail of Tears, during which a quarter of the tribe perished.
Presentation on the Trail of Tears
This document summarizes the Trail of Tears, which was the forced relocation of the Cherokee nation in the 1830s. It describes how the Indian Removal Act allowed the government to remove Native Americans from the Southeast to lands west of the Mississippi. Specifically, it discusses how the Cherokee refused to leave Georgia, resulting in the Supreme Court ruling in Worcester v. Georgia that Georgia had no right to remove them. However, President Jackson ignored this ruling. In 1838, over 7,000 troops forced the Cherokee on the trail west, resulting in thousands of deaths from disease and hardship along the 800-mile journey.
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The early 1800s saw many conflicts over the expansion of slavery into new states. The Missouri Compromise of 1820 created a line dividing free and slave states, but this was challenged by the California gold rush and its desire to join as a free state. The Compromise of 1850 admitted California as free and included the Fugitive Slave Act, while popular sovereignty was established for the Mexican Cession territories. Further tensions arose from the Kansas-Nebraska Act repealing the Missouri Compromise and Bleeding Kansas violence, leading to the formation of the Republican Party opposing slavery's spread.
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Trail of Tears
This document summarizes key events involving the forced removal of Native American tribes from their eastern lands in the 1830s. It describes how the Black Hawk War led to the Sauk tribe being forced out of Illinois, then the passage of the Indian Removal Act allowing the federal government to relocate tribes west of the Mississippi River against their will. It discusses how the Cherokee tribe, who had adopted aspects of white culture, sued Georgia over the seizure of their lands, but President Jackson refused to enforce the Supreme Court ruling in their favor. Finally, it outlines how the Cherokee were then forcibly marched west on the Trail of Tears, during which a quarter of the tribe perished.
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1 causes and compromises
The early 1800s saw many conflicts over the expansion of slavery into new states. The Missouri Compromise of 1820 created a line dividing free and slave states, but this was challenged by the California gold rush and its desire to join as a free state. The Compromise of 1850 admitted California as free and included the Fugitive Slave Act, while popular sovereignty was established for the Mexican Cession territories. Further tensions arose from the Kansas-Nebraska Act repealing the Missouri Compromise and Bleeding Kansas violence, leading to the formation of the Republican Party opposing slavery's spread.
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Trailof tears ppt
The document summarizes the Trail of Tears, which was the forced relocation of the Cherokee Nation in the 1830s. The Cherokee were removed from their ancestral lands in Georgia and other southeastern states following the Indian Removal Act of 1830. Over 4,000 Cherokee died due to the poor conditions during their march west to Indian Territory (now Oklahoma). Some Cherokee escaped the removal by hiding out in the Appalachian Mountains of Georgia and North Carolina.
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The document discusses laws governing slaves and free black people in the antebellum South. It states that a slave needed a pass to leave their owner's land, and if caught without one could be whipped. It also notes that if a free black person gave a slave a pass without their owner's consent, both could be punished, with the free black person facing up to 39 lashes.
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The document discusses the French and Indian War and its consequences, including British victory aided by Cherokee and Iroquois alliances. It also discusses the Proclamation Line of 1763 protecting Native American land, broken promises leading to conflict between the Cherokee and British, and the Cherokee's diminished status. It focuses on the forced removal of the Cherokee on the Trail of Tears during Andrew Jackson's presidency despite Supreme Court rulings protecting tribal sovereignty.
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The document summarizes the Indian Removal Act of 1830 and its aftermath. It describes how over 125,000 Native Americans lived in forests prior to relocation efforts. The Act aimed to remove Eastern tribes like the Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole to lands west of the Mississippi River. Despite resistance, military force and death marches known as the Trail of Tears led to the forced removal of these tribes between 1830-1838. After relocation, the tribes established reservations and communities in the lands of present-day Oklahoma and surrounding areas.
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- The Compromise of 1850 admitted California as a free state, organized Utah and New Mexico with popular sovereignty, and strengthened the Fugitive Slave Act.
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Despite a Supreme Court ruling in favor of the Cherokee nation, President Andrew Jackson refused to enforce it, leading over 100,000 Native Americans from the Southeast to be forcibly removed from their lands between 1838-1839 on what became known as the "Trail of Tears". Over 4,000 Cherokee died during the forced removal, with the majority being women, children, the sick, or elderly as they were marched over 1,000 miles to what is now Oklahoma.
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This document discusses several key aspects of slavery in the United States prior to the Civil War, as well as events that increased sectionalism between the North and South and ultimately led to the Civil War. It outlines how slavery began in the 17th century and was legal and widespread in the South by the 1800s. It also discusses the Dred Scott decision, the Fugitive Slave Act, and the Underground Railroad. The economies and ways of life in the North versus South are contrasted. Key figures and events in the rise of sectionalism and the election of 1860 are summarized, including the Lincoln-Douglas debates and states' rights issues.
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The document discusses laws governing slaves and free black people in the antebellum South. It states that a slave needed a pass to leave their owner's land, and if caught without one could be whipped. It also notes that if a free black person gave a slave a pass without their owner's consent, both could be punished, with the free black person facing up to 39 lashes.
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- The Missouri Compromise of 1820 allowed Missouri to enter the union as a slave state but banned slavery in territories above the 36°30' parallel, except Missouri.
- The Compromise of 1850 admitted California as a free state, organized Utah and New Mexico with popular sovereignty, and strengthened the Fugitive Slave Act.
- The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 also organized the territories of Kansas and Nebraska with popular sovereignty, fueling tensions and violence known as "Bleeding Kansas" over the slavery issue.
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- Southern white society consisted of planters, a middle/working class, and poor whites. Slaves developed their own distinct culture and religion to cope with the harsh and
History group project
The document summarizes aspects of slave culture and resistance in America. It describes how slave culture was shaped by elements of African culture but also developed into its own identity over time. Slaves engaged in various forms of resistance such as slow work, sabotage, and running away to fight against the slave system. Strong family and community bonds helped slaves cope with the harsh conditions of slavery. Education was forbidden for slaves but they found ways to learn through oral traditions like music, folk tales and storytelling. The document also outlines differences in slave experiences across regions as well as political and social developments that impacted slavery over the years.
APUSH Lecture Ch. 11
This document provides an overview of slavery and the Old South from the early 1800s through the Civil War era. Some key points:
- By 1860, there were over 4 million slaves in the US, concentrated primarily in the cotton-producing states of the Deep South where they made up around half the population. The slave population had grown dramatically since the initial importation of 20 Africans in the early 1600s.
- The economy of the Old South was deeply dependent on slavery and the cultivation of cotton, known as "King Cotton." The South produced most of the world's cotton supply, which was the United States' most valuable export.
- Slavery shaped every aspect of Southern society, which was
U.S. History
Slavery grew rapidly in the Southern United States from 1800-1850 due to the expansion of cotton and tobacco plantations which required large amounts of cheap labor. By 1850, 4 million slaves made up one-third of the population in Southern states and were integral to the Southern economy. Abolitionists argued slavery was immoral and violated human rights, while pro-slavery groups claimed it was a natural order supported by religion. Tensions between abolitionists in the North and pro-slavery groups in the South escalated and contributed to the American Civil War, after which slavery was abolished in 1865.
SlaveryEssential to economic development of America· Mostly .docx
Slavery
Essential to economic development of America
· Mostly from Gulf of Guinea in West Africa
· Brought against their will – involuntary immigrants
· By 1660 they were separated by law
Spanish used slavery in their colonies
English had no tradition of slavery
Indentured Servants
Well suited for plantations who needed labor
· Signed up and passage paid to New World
· Worked for 3-7 years
· Also used convicts
Black Servants
Entered Jamestown in 1619
· Treated as indentured servants
1624 New Amsterdam
· New York high numbers with a few slaves but treated as servants and often gained freedom
Indentured servants cheaper than African slaves
· All newcomers had short life expectancies
The Emergence of Slavery
In Chesapeake and South changing laws:
· Servants for life
· Children had status of mother = enslaved
· 1662 Virginia harsh punishment for sex between blacks and whites
· 1682 Christianity not reason to free black servant
Role of Race
· Could make Africans slaves since not protected by English law
· Harder for Africans to escape than white servants
· In economic interest of tobacco planters to make them permanent slave labor
The African Slave Trade
Some whites captured slaves
· Slaves traded for manufactured goods
· Business transactions; not racially oriented
· British, Swedes, Danes, Germans, Brandenburgers
· Slaving was cooperative between Europeans and African
· Mixed-race intermediaries
· Slaves usually captured by enemy tribes
· Voyage to New World for slaves
· Most inhumane aspect of slave trade
· Crammed into ships
· Preceded and followed by overland marches
· High death rates
10 million slaves taken to New world
· 400 thousand to North America
From lands bordering Gulf of Guinea
· Many different language groups
· Stopped at West Indies first to season
Slavery
Emancipation in early Republic
· North uses gradual emancipation
· South sees some support for emancipation
Southerners on slavery and abolition
· South fears moral consequences
· South sees blacks as inferior
· South fears large black population
· South sees themselves as protectors
American Colonization Society
· Encourages owners to free slaves
· Encourages emigration to Liberia (1821)
· Unrealistic due to numbers
· Little support among African Americans
December 1831
· Virginia considers gradual abolition
· Seriously debates issues
· Loses by fairly close margin
· Last rational southern debate on issue
Fear of rebellion
· Haiti revolt, 1798
Nat Turner’s Rebellion – Virginia 1831
· Turner: literate, religious fanatic, slave
· Turner’s visions inspire revolt
· Rebels kill 60 whites; revolt ends
· South becomes terrified of revolts
South protects “peculiar institution”
· South insulated from outside ideas
· South depicts slavery as a positive good
· South reforms slave codes
Suppression
· Distribution of abolitionist literature forbidden
· Passage of “gag rule” in House of Representatives
Slavery as a “positive good”
· “superior labor system”
· John C. Calho.
SlaveryEssential to economic development of America· Mostly .docx
Slavery
Essential to economic development of America
· Mostly from Gulf of Guinea in West Africa
· Brought against their will – involuntary immigrants
· By 1660 they were separated by law
Spanish used slavery in their colonies
English had no tradition of slavery
Indentured Servants
Well suited for plantations who needed labor
· Signed up and passage paid to New World
· Worked for 3-7 years
· Also used convicts
Black Servants
Entered Jamestown in 1619
· Treated as indentured servants
1624 New Amsterdam
· New York high numbers with a few slaves but treated as servants and often gained freedom
Indentured servants cheaper than African slaves
· All newcomers had short life expectancies
The Emergence of Slavery
In Chesapeake and South changing laws:
· Servants for life
· Children had status of mother = enslaved
· 1662 Virginia harsh punishment for sex between blacks and whites
· 1682 Christianity not reason to free black servant
Role of Race
· Could make Africans slaves since not protected by English law
· Harder for Africans to escape than white servants
· In economic interest of tobacco planters to make them permanent slave labor
The African Slave Trade
Some whites captured slaves
· Slaves traded for manufactured goods
· Business transactions; not racially oriented
· British, Swedes, Danes, Germans, Brandenburgers
· Slaving was cooperative between Europeans and African
· Mixed-race intermediaries
· Slaves usually captured by enemy tribes
· Voyage to New World for slaves
· Most inhumane aspect of slave trade
· Crammed into ships
· Preceded and followed by overland marches
· High death rates
10 million slaves taken to New world
· 400 thousand to North America
From lands bordering Gulf of Guinea
· Many different language groups
· Stopped at West Indies first to season
Slavery
Emancipation in early Republic
· North uses gradual emancipation
· South sees some support for emancipation
Southerners on slavery and abolition
· South fears moral consequences
· South sees blacks as inferior
· South fears large black population
· South sees themselves as protectors
American Colonization Society
· Encourages owners to free slaves
· Encourages emigration to Liberia (1821)
· Unrealistic due to numbers
· Little support among African Americans
December 1831
· Virginia considers gradual abolition
· Seriously debates issues
· Loses by fairly close margin
· Last rational southern debate on issue
Fear of rebellion
· Haiti revolt, 1798
Nat Turner’s Rebellion – Virginia 1831
· Turner: literate, religious fanatic, slave
· Turner’s visions inspire revolt
· Rebels kill 60 whites; revolt ends
· South becomes terrified of revolts
South protects “peculiar institution”
· South insulated from outside ideas
· South depicts slavery as a positive good
· South reforms slave codes
Suppression
· Distribution of abolitionist literature forbidden
· Passage of “gag rule” in House of Representatives
Slavery as a “positive good”
· “superior labor system”
· John C. Calho.
African Americans in Antebellum America
This document summarizes life for African Americans in the antebellum South. It describes the plantation system and the social codes that governed southern gentlemen and ladies. It then discusses the harsh conditions slaves faced, including living arrangements, treatment by overseers, slave codes, and the separation of families. The document also covers aspects of slave culture such as churches, leisure activities, and rebellions against the institution of slavery. Key resistance efforts mentioned include the Stono Rebellion, Gabriel's Rebellion, and abolitionist writings that spoke out against the injustice of slavery.
Us history survey.032012
Slavery expanded greatly in the 19th century American South as the cotton industry boomed. Over 1 million slaves were forcibly relocated from the upper South to the deep South states between 1820 and 1860. Though conditions for slaves varied, they were all denied freedom. Slaves resisted through slow work, sabotage, and occasional revolts like Nat Turner's rebellion in 1831. The Missouri Compromise of 1820 attempted to balance the number of slave and free states admitted to the union.
Similar to Chapter 14 section 4 (20)
SlaveryEssential to economic development of America· Mostly .docx
SlaveryEssential to economic development of America· Mostly .docx
SlaveryEssential to economic development of America· Mostly .docx
SlaveryEssential to economic development of America· Mostly .docx
Chapter 14 section 4
- 1. Chapter 14 section 4 Which groups of white southerners made up southern society? The wealthy • A planter -owned at least 20 slaves. • Only one white southerner in 30 belonged to a planter family. • Less than 1% owned 50 or more slaves -called the “cottonocracy.” Small farmers • 75% of southern whites were small farmers. • owned the land they farmed. • These “plain folk” might own one or two slaves. • Plain folk worked with their slaves in the fields. Poor whites • Rented the land they farmed. • lived in the hilly, wooded areas of the South How were free African Americans treated? were descendants of slaves freed during and after the American Revolution. Others had bought their freedom. Slave owners feared that free African Americans might set a bad example for enslaved African Americans. • They might encourage slaves to rebel. • They proved African Americans could take care of themselves. Southern states passed laws to make life harder for free African Americans. • Free African Americans were not allowed to travel or vote. • In some states, they either had to move out of the state or let themselves be enslaved What laws restricted the freedom of African Americans? Southern states passed laws known as slave codes to keep slaves from running away or rebelling. – Enslaved African Americans were forbidden to gather in groups of more than three. – They could not leave their owner’s land without a written pass. – They were not allowed to own guns. – It was a crime for slaves to learn how to read and write. They did not have the right to testify in court How did African Americans resist slavery? • Conditions varied from plantation to plantation. • Slaves generally worked long, hard days—up to 16 hours a day. • Since southern laws did not recognize slave marriages or slave families, it was hard for African Americans to keep their families together. On some large plantations, extended families— grandparents, parents, children, aunts, uncles, and cousins—often did manage to form close-knit groups. • Some planters allowed white ministers to preach to their slaves.