The document summarizes the key motivations and actions that led the United States to assert itself as a world power in the late 19th century. It explains that the U.S. looked to expand overseas markets due to factors like social Darwinism and a desire to emulate European colonial powers. This led the U.S. to strengthen ties and influence in the Pacific, including opening trade with Japan and acquiring naval bases. It also summarizes how the U.S. sought to reduce European influence in Latin America through policies like the Monroe Doctrine and Pan-Americanism in order to expand economic and political ties with those nations.

1. THE
IMPERIALIST
VISION
CHAPTER 14: BECOMING
A WORLD POWER
LESSON 1

2. Student Learning
Objectives
Upon Completion of this lesson, you’ll be able
to:
• Explain why the U.S. asserted itself as a
world power.
• Explain why the U.S. looked to the Pacific
for new markets
• Explain why the U.S. attempted to
strengthen its ties and influence in Latin
America

3. The Opening of Japan

4. BUILDING
SUPPORT FOR
IMPERIALISM
WHY DID THE U.S. ASSERT ITSELF
AS A WORLD POWER?
I. MOTIVATING
FACTORS

5. Motives for Expansion
• European expansion
• Social Darwinism
• Anglo-Saxonism
• Defending U.S. interests overseas
• Mahan's influence
• Congressional approval

6. • European Expansion: In the late 1800s,
European nations established colonies
overseas to acquire the raw materials
needed to feed their factories
• The U.S. began to develop similar
interests
• Social Darwinism: To justify expansion,
some Americans promoted the Social
Darwinist idea that only the strongest,
and most competitive nations survive

7. • Anglo-Saxonism: Many Americans
insisted that English-speaking (Anglo-
Saxon) had superior societies
• Linked with the concept of Manifest
Destiny, this Anglo-Saxonism gave
the U.S. the “right” to expand
overseas
• Defending U.S. Interests Overseas: To
defend the nation’s growing interests
abroad and to retain access to foreign
markets, some Americans urged a
buildup of the navy and acquisition of
naval bases overseas

8. • Captain Alfred T. Mahan: A naval officer,
Mahan wrote an influential book that
argued in favor of a large navy to protect
U.S. merchant ships
• Powerful senators and government
officials strongly supported Mahan’s
ideas
• Congressional Authorization: Congress
approved the building of a new navy based
in part on Mahan’s ideas, in part on
business demand for new markets, and in
part on the rising notion that the U.S. was
destined to dominate the world

9. JOURNAL QUESTION
WHY DID AMERICANS
WISH TO EXPAND BEYOND
THEIR BORDERS?

10. Overseas Markets

11. U.S. EXPANSION
IN THE PACIFIC
WHY DID THE U.S. LOOK TO THE
PACIFIC FOR NEW MARKETS?
II. IMPERIALISM IN THE
PACIFIC

12. U.S. Expansion in the Pacific
• Navy sent to Japan
• Perry opens Japan through Treaty of
Kanagawa
• Refueling port at Pago Pago (American
Samoa)

13. • Navy Sent to Japan: Fearful of cultural
contamination, Japan restricted trade to
the Chinese and Dutch
• In 1852 President Millard Fillmore
decided to force Japan to trade with the
U.S. by sending a naval expedition to
negotiate a trade treaty
• Perry Opens Japan: In July 1853, Perry’s
four U.S. warships sailed into Edo Bay
• Their firepower alarmed the Japanese,
who soon signed the Treaty of
Kanagawa, which opened Japan to trade
with the U.S.

14. • Refueling Port at Pago Pago: To facilitate
trade across the U.S. sought ports at which
ships could refuel and resupply
• In 1878 the U.S. obtained permission to
build a base on the Samoan island of
Pago Pago, who harbor was one of the
best in the South Pacific
• Pago Pago became the U.S.
protectorate, America Samoa

15. • The Treaty of Kanagawa also called for
peace between the two countries;
promised help for any Americans
shipwrecked off the Japanese coast; and
gave U.S. ships permission to buy supplies
in two designated Japanese ports.
• Forcing Japan to open trade played an
important role in Japanese history.
• Japanese leaders concluded that it was
time to remake their society.

16. • They adopted Western technology and
launched their own industrial revolution.
• By the 1890s, the Japanese had a
powerful navy and had begun building their
own empire in Asia.

17. Annexing Hawaii
• Sugar industry during the
1800s
• U.S. naval base at Pearl
Harbor
• Hawaiian monarchy
overthrown
• Annexation delayed until
1898

18. Annexing Hawaii
• Sugar Industry Born: For many years,
Hawaii had been a resupply stop for
whalers and merchant ships
• In 1819, missionaries from New England Arrived in
Hawaii, where the climate and soil proved perfect
for growing sugarcane
• By the mid-1800s, settlers from the U.S. had
established many plantations on the islands
• Navy Base at Pearl Harbor: In return for
exempting Hawaiian sugar from tariff,
Hawaii granted the U.S. the right to build a
naval base at Pearl Harbor

19. • Monarchy Overthrown: The Hawaiian
sugar industry brought great wealth to the
American plantation owners
• In 1887 they pressured the Hawaiian
king into accepting a constitution that
restricted his authority
• In 1893 they overthrew Queen
Liliuokalani, with the help of U.S.
marines

20. • Annexation Delayed: President Cleveland
strongly opposed imperialism
• He refused to annex Hawaii and tried to
return Liliuokalani to power
• Hawaii’s new leaders declined to restore
the queen and decided to wait until
Cleveland left office
• Then, in 1898, President McKinley
signed a bill allowing the U.S. to annex
Hawaii

21. HOW DID THE SEARCH
FOR NEW MARKETS IN
EAST ASIA PUSH THE U.S.
TO BECOME A WORLD
POWER?
HOW DID THE NATION’S
ACTIONS REFLECT THE
POLICY OF IMPERIALISM?

22. DIPLOMACY IN
LATIN AMERICA
HOW DID THE U.S. ATTEMPT TO
STRENGHTEN ITS TIES AND
INFLUENCE WITH THE NATIONS
OF LATIN AMERICA?
III. REDUCING
EUROPEAN INFLUENCE

23. Diplomacy in Latin America
Diplomacy in Latin America
• Economic and political
motives
• Pan-Americanism
• Monroe Doctrine

24. • Economic and Political Motives: In the 1800s, the
U.S. sought to open up markets in Latin America
for its manufactured goods
• Americans also hope to make it clear to
Europeans that the U.S. was the dominant
power in the region
• Pan-Americanism: The idea that nations
throughout the entire Western Hemisphere
should work together was conceived by the
Secretary of State James G. Blaine in the 1880s
• He hoped that cooperation would help prevent
wars and increase trade, while at the same
time strengthen U.S. influence in Latin
America in part by reinforcing the Monroe
Doctrine

25. • The Monroe Doctrine: This policy, introduced in
1823 by President James Monroe, closed off the
Americas to further colonization, especially by
Europeans eager to take economic advantage of
newly independent nations of Latin America
• In effect, it set aside Latin America as a
sphere of influence of the U.S.
Why did the U.S. want to reduce European
influence in the Western Hemisphere?
How did Secretary of State Blaine attempt to
increase U.S. influence in Latin American?

26. James G.
Blaine
What we want are the markets of these
neighbors of ours that lie to the south of us. . . .
With these markets secured new life would be
given to our manufacturers, the product of the
western farmer would be in demand, the reasons
for and inducements to strikers, with all their
attendant evils, would cease.
—James G. Blaine
“
”

27. JOURNAL QUESTION #2
WHICH OF THE THREE
MOTIVES FOR
IMPERIALISM IS BLAINE
EXPRESSING—ECONOMIC,
CULTURAL, OR MILITARY

28. The Imperialist Vision
Reflection Question
How does U.S. imperialism in the past
relate to U.S. foreign policy today? Is it
mostly the same or mostly different?

29. HOMEWORK:
• Complete Economics of History
Worksheet
• Read Lesson 2
• List and Define Vocabulary Words
• Complete the Guided Reading Activity
Quiz over Lesson 2 Reading
Wednesday, October 21, 2015