Chapter- 1 Management and Sporting Events GS.pdf

Chapter – 1
MANAGEMENT
OF SPORTING
EVENTS
BY
DR.GAJENDER
SHARMA
ROCKWOODS SCHOOL 7014734358 1
11/29/2023

11/29/2023 ROCKWOODS SCHOOL 7014734358 2

CONTENTS
Functions of Sports Events Management(Planni
ng, Organizing, Staffing, Directing & Controlling)
Various Committees & their Responsibilities (Pr
e; During & Post)
Tournament – Knockout, League or Round Robi
n & Combination
Procedure to Draw Fixture-Knock out (Bye & Se
eding) & League (Staircase, Cyclic & Tabular )
Intramural & Extramural- Meaning, Objectives
and their Significance.
Specific Sports Programme( Sports Day, Health
Run, Run for Fun, Run for Specific Cause & Run

Planning & Its Objectives
 Planning : A basic management function involving the
making of one or more plans to achieve needs or demands
with the available resources.
In Simple Words, it means deciding in advance what is to
be done, when is to be done, how it is to be done and by
whom it is to be done. ("it" refers to the task or goal or target
or demand or need)
Objectives of Planning
 To reduce the chances of mistakes.
 To enhance the performance.
 To keep good control over all the activities.
 It suggests programmes can be conducted with proper
coordination with least mistakes rather focusing on success.
 To promote innovative ideas
 To provide direction towards the goal
 To reduce undue pressure
 To provide proper co-ordination among the committees.

Process of Planning
1.Setting Objectives /Goals
2.Developing Premises
3.Identifying alternative courses of action
4.Evaluating Alternative courses
5.Selecting an alternative
6.Implementing the Plan
7.Follow –up-action

ORGANIZING
Organizing, is the management function that follows after planning, it inv
olves the assignment of tasks, the grouping of tasks into departments an
d the assignment of authority with adequate responsibility and allocation
of resources across the organization to achieve common goals.
Process of Organizing:
1. Identification and Division of work
2. Departmentalization
3. Assignment of duties
4. Establishing reporting relationships
Importance of Organizing:
1. Benefits of Specializations
2. Clarity in working relationships
3. Optimum Utilization of resources
4. Adaptation to change
5. Effective administration
6. Development of Personnel
7. Expansion and growth.

STAFFING
After planning and selection of the organisation structure the next step in the mana
gement process is to fill the various post provided in the organisation this is terme
d as management of staffing function. In the simplest terms, staffing refers to the m
anagerial function of employing and developing human resources for caring out the
various managerial and non managerial activities in an organization.
Importance of Staffing: No organisation can be successful unless it can fill an
d keep filled the various positions provided for in the structure with the right kind
of people
1. Proper Staffing helps in discovering and obtaining competent personnel for va
rious jobs
2. Staffing makes the higher performance, by putting right person on the right job
3. Staffing ensure the continuous survival and growth of the enterprises through
the succession planning of manager
4. Staffing help to ensure optimum utilisation of human resources
5. Staffing improves job satisfaction and morale of employees through objective
assessment and fair award for their contribution.

STAFFING
Process of staffing
1. Estimating the Manpower Requirements
2. Recruitment
3. Selection
4. Placement and orientation
5. Training and development
6. Performance appraisal
7. Promotion and Career Planning
8. Compensation.
Aspects of staffing: There are three main aspects of staffing
a. Recruitment
b. Selection
c. Training and Development

DIRECTING
Directing is concerned with instructing, guiding, supervising and inspir
ing people in the organisation to achieve its objectives. In simple term
s Directing means giving instructions and guiding people in doing
work
. Characteristics of Directing
1. Directing initiates action
2. Directing take place at every level of management
3. Directing is a continuous process
4. Directing flows from top to bottom.
Principles of directing
1.Maximum individual contribution 2. Harmony of objectives
3.Unity of command 4. Managerial communication
5. Use of informal organisation 6.Leadership 7.Follow through

IMPORTANCE OF DIRECTING
Importance of Directing Organization
1. Directing helps to initiate action by people in the organisatio
n towards attainment of desired objectives.
2. Directing integrates employees efforts in the organisation in
such a way that every individual efforts contributes to the or
ganizational performance.
3. Directing guides employees to fully realize their potential an
d capabilities by motivating and providing effective leadershi
p
4. Directing faciliitates introduction of needed changes in the or
ganisation
5. Effective directing helps to bring stability and balance in the
organization.

CONTROLLING
According to Koontz & O’Donnell, “Controlling is the measurement & correction of per
formance activities of subordinates in order to make sure that the enterprise objective
s and plans desired to obtain them as being accomplished”.
The function of control consists of those activities that are undertaken to ensure that t
he events do not deviate from the pre-arranged plans. The activities consist of establi
shing standards for work performance, measuring performance and comparing it to
these set standards and taking corrective actions as and when needed, to correct any
deviations.
The controlling function involves:
a. Establishment of standard performance.
b. Measurement of actual performance.
c. Measuring actual performance with the pre-determined standard and finding out th
e deviations.
d. Taking corrective action.

CONTROLLING
Importance of Controlling
1. Accomplishing organisational goals
2. Judging accuracy of standards
3. Making efficient use of resources
4. Improving employees motivation
5. Ensuring order and discipline
6. Felicitating coordination in action
Process of Controlling: Controlling is a systematic process
involving the following steps
a. Setting performance standards
b. Measurement of actual performance
c. Comparison of actual performance with standard
d. Analysis Variations
e. Taking corrective action.

Various committees and their
responsibility(Pre, During & Post)
Pre Tournament Work
 These are done before the tournament starts.
To make the budget of the tournament and take approvals from
higher authorities.
 To plan schedule of the tournament which includes finalizing
the Dates, Venues of the tournament
 To arrange the facilities which include equipments, Playfields
etc.
 Formation of Various committees.
 To send information of the tournament to the concerned teams
 To arrange officials
 To plan out Transportation for teams
 Boarding and Lodging of Player

During Tournament Work
• To check the arrangements for inaugural Ceremony.
• To check the eligibility of teams in general
• To make sure that tournament is running as per schedule.
• To supervise the officiating staff for the smooth conduct of
tournament.
• To prepare the record of score sheet etc.
• To arrange for the refreshments for the officials and
Players.
• To provide First Aid in case of any injury.
• To make the announcements.
• Media Coverage
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ROCKWOODS SCHOOL 7014734358
11/29/2023

Post Tournament Work
Check out of the teams, their security refund (If
any)
 Arrangements of prize distribution function to
present medals and trophies to winning teams.
 To make press note and send it to the media.
 To collect the records and file up and save in the
final report and submit it to the authorities.
 To make the due payments of the people
concerned.
 To make the exact report of finances.
15
11/29/2023

Various Committees
 Finance committee.
 Reception committee.
 Boarding and lodging committee.
 Decoration and ceremony committee.
 Grounds and equipment committee.
 Refreshments and entertainment committee.
 Transport committee.
 Entries and programmes committee.
 Committee for officials.
 Announcement committee.
 First aid committee.
 Publicity committee.

Tournament and Its Importance
Tournaments- It is that series of sports in which a
team finally wins and rest of the teams lose the
matches.
Importance of Tournaments
1. Development of sports skills.
2. Propaganda of sports.
3. Helpful in selection of players.
4. Development of national & international
integration.
5. Development of social qualities.
6. Source of recreation.

Knock out Tournament and Its Types
Knock out tournament: This is the most common types of
tournament in which teams play against each other,
winner moves to next round whereas loser is eliminated
from the tournament. It is of two types
Single knockout: In which teams play against each other,
winner moves to next round whereas loser is eliminated
from the tournament.
Double Knockout Tournament: In which teams play
against each other, winner moves to next round
whereas loser team is getting one more Chance.
Advantages: Less time, less money, less officials, enhances
standard of sports
Disadvantages:
1. Chances of elimination of good teams in Ist & IInd round
2. Maximum chances of weak teams to enter in to final
rounds.
3. Spectators may not have enough interest in the final
match.

Important Points to Remember for
Knockout Tournament
1. Total No of Teams (N).
2. Total No. of Matches (N-1).
3. Method of determining the number of teams
in Upper half or Lower Half or quarters.
4. Next Power of Two.
5. Total number of Byes.
6. Number of Byes to be given in Upper & Lowe
r half or quarter.
7. Total Number of rounds.

Method of Preparing Fixtures in
Knock-out Tournament
 Total Number of matches= N-1 ( N is the No. of Teams)
 Divide the Number of teams into two halves
 If the number of teams is not exact power of 2 (4, 8, 16, 32, 64
and so on) and is an odd number
 Upper half = (N+1)/2
 Byes are given in the first round
 Lower half= (N-1)/2
 Number of byes = 𝟐^x - N (where 𝟐^𝒙 >N) Note : 2^x : 2 to the power “x”)
 Number of rounds = 𝒙
 If Number of teams even then
 Upper half= Lower half= N/2
 Number of byes = 𝟐 𝒙 - N (where 𝟐 𝒙 >N) Note : 2^x : 2 to the power “x”)
 Number of rounds = 𝒙

How to Place Byes in Fixtures
 The First Bye is given to the
lower half bottom team.
 The Second bye is given to
the upper half top team.
 The Third bye is given to the
lower half top team.
 The Fourth bye is given to
the upper half bottom team
 And So on

Knock-out Fixture of 22 Teams
• No. of teams = 22
• No. of Matches= N-I=22-1=21
• No. of teams in UH =N/2
= 22/2
= 11
• No. of teams in LH=N/2
= 22/2
= 11
• Next Power of Two= 32
• Total Byes = 32-22= 10
• No. of Byes in UH = Nb/2
= 10/2
= 05
• No. of Byes in LH= Nb/2
= 10/2
= 05 24
11/29/2023

Knock-out Fixture of 21 Teams
• No. of teams in UH=N+1/2
= 21+1/2
= 22/2
= 11
• No. of teams in LH=N-1/2
= 21-1/2
= 20/2
= 10
• Total Byes = 32-21= 11
• No. of Byes in UH=Nb-1/2
= 11-1/2
= 10/2
= 05
• No. of Byes in LH=Nb+1/2
= 11+1/2
= 12/2
= 06
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Knock- out Fixture of 19 Teams
= 19+1/2
= 20/2
= 10
= 19-1/2
= 18/2
= 09
• Total Byes = 32-19= 13
= 13-1/2
= 12/2
= 06
= 13+1/2
= 14/2
= 07
27
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Double Knock out Tournament(Consolation)
“One additional chance is given to defeated teams”
Winner is declared from the defeated teams
 Type I
 The teams defeated in round first are allowed to
participate
 New fixture is prepared
 The teams who did not get Bye earlier are given
Bye now
 Type II
The teams defeated in all the rounds are given a
dditional chance

Fixture of 09 Teams (Double Knockout Tournament)
N=9

League Or Round Robin Tournament
In this type of tournament, all teams are made to
compete with each other for once.
Types of league tournament
Single league tournament – Every team plays with
every other team once.
Double league tournament - Every team plays with
every other team twice.
Method of preparing fixture
1. Cyclic method
2. Staircase method
3. Tabular method (Not in Syllabus)

STAIR-CASE
In Staircase Method of the league
tournament, fixtures are made just like a
staircase. This method is the easiest
method because no bye is given to any
team and there is no problem of the even
number of teams or an odd number of
teams.
 It includes fixing matches of one team
with all other teams and the winner is
decided on the basis of points .

Fixture of 07 Teams With Staircase Method
N= 07
M=N(N-1)/2
= 7(7-1)/2
= 7(6)/2
= 42/2
21 Matches
No. of Byes = Nil
No. of Rounds = N-1
= 7-1=6
32
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Fixture of 09 Teams With Staircase Method
33
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CYCLIC METHOD

Fixture of Odd and Even Teams With
Cyclic Method

Fixture of 09 Teams With Cyclic Method
N= 09
M=N(N-1)/2
= 9(9-1)/2
= 9(8)/2
= 72/2
36 Matches
No of Rounds=N=9
No of Byes = 01
36
11/29/2023

Double League of 6 Teams with Cyclic Method(Even)
N= 06
M=N(N-1)
= 6(6-1)
= 6(5)
= 30 Matches
No of Rounds
=N-1 &+N-1=10
= 6-1=5 +6-1= 5 =10
No of Byes = Nil
37
11/29/2023

Double League of 5 Teams with Cyclic Method(Odd)
N= 05
M=N(N-1)
= 5(5-1)
= 5(4)
= 20 Matches
No of Rounds
=N+N=10
No of Byes = 01
38
11/29/2023

Double League of 5 Teams with Staircase Method
N= 05
M=N(N-1)
= 5(5-1)
= 5(4)
= 20 Matches
No of Rounds
=N-1=4+N-1=4=08
No of Byes = Nil
39
11/29/2023

Fixture of 08 & 09 Teams With Tabular Method

Fixture of 09 Teams With Tabular Method

Method of Deciding the Winner in League
Tournament
BRITISH & AMERICAN METHOD
 British Method
 Divide the total points obtained by the
total possible points
 % of Points = Total Points Obtained/Total
possible points X 100
 American Method
 Divide the number of games won by the
total number of games played
 % of Matches = Matches Won/Matches
Played X 100

Combination Tournament
 Knock-out cum Knock-out
 League cum League
 Knock-out cum League
 League cum Knock-out
 Total No. of Teams = N
 Teams in Upper Half and Lower Half if Odd Number of Team th
en N+1/2 for Upper Half and N-1/2 for Lower Half.
 If teams are even then N/2 for both Upper and lower half.
 Teams are divided in Four Quarters so upper half is also divide
d into two half as lower half also.
 After completing the First Fixture (League or Knockout) one tea
m from each quarters will qualify for Next Round (Cum League
or Knockout)

Seeding Tournament
Meaning of Seeding
Seeding-The sorting of teams and fitting
them in the fixture so that the stronger teams
do not meet each other in the early rounds is
known as seeding.
The criteria for sorting the teams are their
performance. The reason why seeding is used
in tournaments is that if stronger teams lose
the matches in initial rounds
then there would be no interest left in the
matches for spectators and since spectators
are the main source of funding ,seeding is

Important points in Seeding Tournament
• To avoid strong team competing with each other in the
initial rounds.
• Strong teams based on their previous performance are
selected to keep at appropriate places in the fixture.
• Generally the seeded teams are in the power of 2 i.e., 4, 8,
16 etc.
• First seed is kept on the bottom of lower half .
• Second seed is kept on the top of Upper half.
• Third seed is kept on the top of Lower Half.
• Fourth seed is kept on the bottom of Upper half and so on.
• Remaining teams are kept in the fixture by lots.
• In case of Special Seeding teams will plays Quarterfinals' or
Semifinals ‘.
47
11/29/2023

Fixture of 19 Teams with 8 Seeded Teams
= 19+1/2
= 20/2
= 10
= 19-1/2
= 18/2
= 09
• Total Byes = 32-19= 13
• Total Byes – Total Seeded
= 13-8 = 5
= 13-1/2
= 12/2
= 06
= 13+1/2
= 14/2
= 07
48
11/29/2023

Fixture of 21 Teams with 8 Seeded Teams
= 21+1/2
= 22/2
= 11
= 21-1/2
= 20/2
= 10
• Total Byes = 32-21= 11
• Total Byes – Total Seeded
= 11-8 = 3
= 11-1/2
= 10/2
= 05
= 11+1/2
= 12/2
= 06
49
11/29/2023

Fixture of 21 Teams with 4 Special Seeded Teams
= 21+1/2
= 22/2
= 11
= 21-1/2
= 20/2
= 10
Total Teams - Total Special Seeding Teams
=21-4 = 17
• Total Byes = 32-17= 15
= 15-1/2
= 14/2
= 07
= 15+1/2
= 16/2
= 08
50
11/29/2023

Fixture of 20 Teams with 4 Special Seeded Teams
• No. of teams in UH =N/2
= 20/2
= 10
• No. of teams in LH =N/2
= 20/2
= 10
Total Teams - Total Special
Seeding Teams
=20-4 = 16
• Total Byes = 16-16= 00
51
N=20
11/29/2023

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55
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Community Sports Programm
ROCKWOODS SCHOOL 7014734358 60
11/29/2023

SPORTS DAY
For all-round development of children
Physical and recreational activities are included
Ample opportunities are provided for every child
Lay stress on the maximum participation of
children
Develop leadership qualities
Enhanced interest towards sports
Develop social qualities like honesty,
brotherhood, friendship, cooperation, tolerance,
unity etc.
61
11/29/2023

HEALTH RUN
Organized by the health department, sports depart
ment or social organization
Purpose is to increase the standard of health in a c
ountry along with raising funds for
charity
It required a pair of shoes and a light clothes
Registration of participation is required in advance
No age limit
The distance course of running is also fixed

RUN FOR FUN
Objective to spread message of remaining healthy and fit
motivate people to exercise regularly and stay healthy
Same as health runs
Having fun and frolic during running
It is a friendly race
It involves road running or cross country running
Organised for raising funds

RUN FOR SPECIFIC CAUSES
Run which related to a good or noble cause
Organised for various categories of participants
Distance of run may vary for different categories
Pries for position holders
Main purpose is to raise funds for specific cause
Noble causes like helping the patients of cancer, mentally a
nd physically challenged people etc.

RUN FOR UNITY
 Organised for a specific purpose i.e., to consolidate unity and peace am
ong the people of different religions
 Purpose may be national and international integration and brotherhood
 In some countries, run for unity is organized to celebrate their independ
ence
 It may be in form of relay race of long distance
 Usually organized in different metro cities
 cash prize is given to the first three position holders
 Such runs promote harmony, peace and solidarity among peoples of diff
erent religions.

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