This document discusses physical and chemical changes, states of matter, and phase changes. It defines a physical change as a change in size, shape, or state of matter without changing the type of matter. A mixture is two or more types of matter placed together where each type can be separated. Dissolving sugar in hot water creates a solution, not a mixture, since the sugar cannot be easily separated from the water. The document also defines the three states of matter - solid, liquid, and gas - and describes phase changes like evaporation and condensation that occur through heating and cooling.

1. Science Background:
· A physical change is one in which the size, shape, or state of
matter changes, but the kind of matter remains the same.
For example, you make a physical change when you cut a
sheet of paper into smaller pieces. Freezing and melting are
also physical changes.
· A mixture is two or more kinds of matter placed together,
such as different fruits placed in a bowl to make a fruit salad.
In a mixture, each kind of matter can be easily separated
from the others.

2. Quick Quiz #1:
1. Name some kinds of physical changes you can make to
matter.
2. What is a mixture?
Higher Order Thinking - Suppose you were given a cup
containing sugar that had been dissolved in hot water. Is the
sugar water a mixture? How would you try to separate the
sugar from the water?

3. Science Background:
· Matter exists in three forms, solid, liquid, and gas, which are
called the states of matter.
· Solids have a definite shape and volume. Liquids have a
definite volume, but not a definite shape. Gases have
neither a definite shape nor a definite volume. Gases take
the shape of a closed container.
· A change of state is a physical change, and it occurs when a
substance is heated or cooled beyond a certain point.
· When a liquid evaporates, it changes to a gas. Water in its
gas state is called water vapor. When water vapor in the air
cools, it condenses, changing from a gas to a liquid.
· Water vapor is not the same as steam. Steam is always hot,
and sometimes contains water droplets. Steams forms from
boiling water. The whitish clouds that are sometimes visible
from the spout of a kettle are not water vapor, but water
droplets condensing in air.

4. Quick Quiz #2:
1. Matter that is in which state or states has a definite shape?
2. Matter that is in which state or states has a definite
volume?
Higher Order Thinking - compare and contrast matter in the
liquid state and matter in the gas state.