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Chapter 1
- 1. ENTREM 2 1 Introto Project Management:
- 2. 2 What Is aProject? • A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to accomplish a unique purpose(Example . MERALCO Metering System) • Attributes of projects – unique purpose – temporary – require resources, often from various areas – should have a primary sponsor and/or customer – involve uncertainty What is Management?
- 3. 3 What is ProjectManagement? Project management is… “the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques… … to project activities… … in order to meet project requirements” (PMI*, Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide), 2000, p. 6) *The Project Management Institute (PMI) is an international professional society. Their web site is www.pmi.org.
- 4. 4 • IT Projectshave a terrible track record – A Standish Group study found that only 16.2% of IT projects were successful and over 31% were canceled before completion, costing over $81 B in the U.S. alone Motivation for Studying Information Technology (IT) Project Management
- 5. 5 • The needfor IT projects keeps increasing – In , corporate America issued 200,000 new-start application development projects – In 2010, there were 300,000 new IT projects, and – In 2011, over 500,000 new IT projects were started Motivation for Studying Information Technology (IT) Project Management
- 6. 6 Advantages of UsingFormal Project Management 1. Better control of financial, physical, and human resources- (Financials- Control of OPEX)(Physical refers to Aqusition of Assets)(Human- Training Costs,Overtime,rate of turnover) 2. Improved customer relations- Improved after sales Service 3. Shorter development times( Target timeline are met- Progress Report) 4. Lower costs-( Reduces Overall Costs w/c has impact on Overall Revenue).
- 7. 7 Advantages of UsingFormal Project Management 5.Higher quality and increased reliability- Efficiency rate will increase. 6.Higher profit margins- Reduce cost resulting to Profit 7.Improved productivity- Increase in Output 8.Better internal coordination- Same Overall Objective 9.Higher worker morale- Motivational Level of Employees are high.
- 8. 8 Samples of ITProjects • Organizations develop new software or enhance existing systems to perform many business functions.( Example Smart’s Netphone, NLEX RFID, MERALCO’s prepaid Metering System) • Note: “IT projects” refers to projects involving hardware, software, and networks
- 9. Social Entrepreneurship • Theattempt to draw upon business techniques and private sector approaches to find solutions to social, cultural or environmental problems. • This concept may be applied to a variety of organizations with different sizes, aims, and beliefs.
- 10. Social Entrep • Socialentrepreneurship typically attempts to further broad social, cultural, and environmental goals often associated with the Voluntary sector or Volunteerism.
- 11. Social Entrep • Attimes, profit also may be a consideration for social enterprises, but not as an end in itself, but rather as a means to further the social or cultural goals of the organization
- 12. Social Entrep • TheConventional entrpp. typically measure performance in profit, revenues and increases in stock prices, but Social entrepreneurs also take into account a positive "return to society". • ( harmful to environment, Employing children, observing the minimum wage- others)
- 13. 13 The Triple Constraint •Every project is constrained in different ways by its – Scope goals: What is the project trying to accomplish? – Time goals: How long should it take to complete? – Cost goals: What should it cost? • It is the project manager’s duty to balance these three often competing goals
- 14. 14 Figure 1-1. TheTriple Constraint of Project Management
- 15. 15 The Standish GroupReport Showed Decided Improvement in IT Project Success Rates From the Study • Time overruns significantly decreased to 63% compared to 222% • Cost overruns were down to 45% compared to 189% • Required features and functions were up to 67% compared to 61% • 78,000 U.S. projects were successful compared to 28,000 • 28% of IT projects succeeded compared to 16%
- 16. 16 Why the Improvements? "Thereasons for the increase in successful projects vary. First, the average cost of a project has been more than cut in half. Better tools have been created to monitor and control progress and better skilled project managers with better management processes are being used. The fact that there are processes is significant in itself.“*
- 17. 17 What is ProjectManagement? Project management is… “the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques… … to project activities… … in order to meet project requirements” (PMI*, Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide), 2000, p. 6) *The Project Management Institute (PMI) is an international professional society. Their web site is www.pmi.org.
- 18. 18 Figure 1-2. ProjectManagement Framework
- 19. 19 9 Project ManagementKnowledge Areas • Knowledge areas describe the key competencies… • … that project managers must develop – 4 core knowledge areas lead to specific project objectives – 4 facilitating knowledge areas are the means… – … through which the project objectives are achieved – 1 knowledge area (project integration management)… – … affects and is affected… – … by all of the other knowledge areas
- 20. 20 Project Management Toolsand Techniques • Project management tools and techniques assist… • … project managers and their teams.. • … in various aspects of project management • Some specific ones include – Project Charter and WBS (scope) – Gantt charts (time) – Cost estimates (cost)
- 21. 21 Project Stakeholders • Stakeholdersare… • … the people involved in.. • … or affected by project activities • Stakeholders include – The project sponsor and project team – support staff – customers – users – suppliers – opponents to the project
- 22. 22 Sample WBS forIntranet Project in Chart Form Concept Design User Interface Design Server Setup Develop Server Support Infrastructure Web Site Design Develop Pages and Links Develop Functionality Content Migration/Integration Testing Web Site Development Roll Out Support Intranet Project
- 23. 23 Figure 1-4. SampleGantt Chart The WBS is on the left, and each task’s start and finish date are shown on the right using a calendar timescale.
- 24. GANTT Chart It wasadapted by HENRY GANTT that illustrates the start and finished dates of TASKS and was used in WORLD WAR 1 and was considered a Revolutionary Tool
- 25. GANTT Chart This illustratesa Project Schedule. Gantt charts illustrate the start and finish dates of the terminal elements and summary elements of a PROJECT.
- 26. GANTT Chart Terminal elementsand summary elements comprise the WBS Or the Work Breakdown Schedule of the project. Modern Gantt charts also show the dependency and relationship w/ other activities.
- 27. 27 How Project Management(PM) Relates to Other Disciplines • Much of the knowledge needed to manage projects is unique to PM • However, project managers must also have knowledge and experience in – general management – the application area of the project • Project managers must focus on meeting specific project objectives
- 28. 28 Figure 1-3. ProjectManagement and Other Disciplines
- 29. 29 The Project ManagementProfession • Fortune article called project management the “number one career choice” • Professional societies like the Project Management Institute (PMI) have grown tremendously • Average salaries for project managers are over $100,000 annual