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The document discusses the role of carbohydrates in dental caries (tooth decay). It states that fermentable carbohydrates like glucose, fructose, and sucrose are easily fermented by bacteria like Streptococcus mutans in dental plaque, producing acids that demineralize tooth enamel and lead to cavities. Frequent sugar intake and sticky sugars that remain on teeth increase caries risk. Starches carry less risk as they are slowly broken down. Replacing sucrose with non-fermentable sugars can greatly reduce caries. The acidogenic theory proposes that the localized pH drop facilitated by plaque allows demineralization.
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Hume- “caries is essentially a progressive loss by acid dissolution of the apatite component of the enamel then the dentin or of the cementum then dentin.”
According to location:
Pit or Fissure caries
Smooth Surface caries
According to rapidity:
Acute
Chronic
Arrested
According to occurrence:
Primary (Virgin) caries
Secondary (Recurrent) caries
According to the site of occurrence:
Enamel caries
Cemental caries.
Acidogenic [ Miller’s Chemico-parasitic] theory.
Proteolytic theory.
Proteolysis- chelation theory.
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Dental caries is caused by bacteria in the mouth that metabolize carbohydrates, producing acids that demineralize tooth enamel and dentin. It progresses through stages from early subsurface lesions to cavity formation and bacterial invasion. Risk factors include diet, oral hygiene, tooth composition, and saliva. Treatment involves preventing demineralization through fluoride, controlling plaque and bacteria, and restoring teeth through fillings or other methods.
Dental caries 1
Dental caries, also known as cavities, are caused by bacteria in the mouth that feed on sugars and produce acid, which demineralizes tooth enamel over time. The main bacteria involved are Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. These bacteria live in dental plaque on the teeth. Factors like frequent sugar consumption, poor oral hygiene, and low saliva flow can promote the growth of these cariogenic bacteria and lead to tooth decay. Other contributors include tooth anatomy, acid erosion, and lack of fluoride exposure.
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- Etiology and theories about its causes including microbial, chemical, and proteolytic theories
- Classification and factors related to susceptibility in the host like tooth morphology, position, and composition
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Erosion is the chemical process of tooth substance loss without bacterial involvement. It occurs when tooth surfaces are exposed to acids from intrinsic sources like gastric reflux or vomiting, or extrinsic sources like acidic foods and beverages. Clinical features include smooth lesions on the front teeth surfaces that cause hypersensitivity. Radiographs may show radiolucent defects in the crown. Management involves diet control, fluoride use, changing brushing habits, and restorations or systemic treatment depending on the cause of erosion.
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Dental caries
Dental caries is caused by the interaction of four main factors: the tooth, dental plaque, diet, and time. Dental plaque is a soft biofilm containing bacteria like Streptococcus mutans that produce acid from sugars in the diet, causing demineralization of tooth enamel and leading to cavities. Diet plays a key role, as frequent consumption of fermentable carbohydrates like sucrose promotes acid production. Other factors like saliva, fluoride, socioeconomic status, and education can also influence risk. Dental caries is diagnosed visually, tactilely, and radiographically and can be classified based on location, extent, and rate of progression. Prevention focuses on reducing sugar intake, maintaining oral hygiene to
Dental Caries
Hume- “caries is essentially a progressive loss by acid dissolution of the apatite component of the enamel then the dentin or of the cementum then dentin.”
According to location:
Pit or Fissure caries
Smooth Surface caries
According to rapidity:
Acute
Chronic
Arrested
According to occurrence:
Primary (Virgin) caries
Secondary (Recurrent) caries
According to the site of occurrence:
Enamel caries
Cemental caries.
Acidogenic [ Miller’s Chemico-parasitic] theory.
Proteolytic theory.
Proteolysis- chelation theory.
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Dental caries is caused by bacteria in the mouth that metabolize carbohydrates, producing acids that demineralize tooth enamel and dentin. It progresses through stages from early subsurface lesions to cavity formation and bacterial invasion. Risk factors include diet, oral hygiene, tooth composition, and saliva. Treatment involves preventing demineralization through fluoride, controlling plaque and bacteria, and restoring teeth through fillings or other methods.
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Dental caries, also known as cavities, are caused by bacteria in the mouth that feed on sugars and produce acid, which demineralizes tooth enamel over time. The main bacteria involved are Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. These bacteria live in dental plaque on the teeth. Factors like frequent sugar consumption, poor oral hygiene, and low saliva flow can promote the growth of these cariogenic bacteria and lead to tooth decay. Other contributors include tooth anatomy, acid erosion, and lack of fluoride exposure.
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Dental caries is caused by an imbalance between demineralization and remineralization of tooth enamel and dentin. It is a bacterial infection resulting from acids produced during bacterial metabolism of dietary carbohydrates. Key factors in the development of caries include the oral bacteria Streptococcus mutans, frequent consumption of fermentable carbohydrates, and conditions like low saliva flow that reduce the buffering capacity of saliva. The caries process involves a dynamic interplay over time between demineralization of enamel during periods of acid production, and remineralization when pH rises. If demineralization exceeds remineralization, it can lead to cavitation and destruction of tooth structure.
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This document discusses dental caries (tooth decay), including its causes, classification, and epidemiology. It defines dental caries as the breakdown of teeth due to bacterial activity. It is most commonly caused by bacteria in dental plaque producing acid when fed fermentable carbohydrates, which demineralizes enamel over time. Dental caries is classified based on location, progression speed, recurrence, extent of damage, and other factors. Globally, it affects around 36% of people and prevalence varies significantly between populations and countries.
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The document summarizes various aspects of dental health, including that plaque consists of microorganisms and extracellular matrix, dental calculus is mineralized plaque that attaches to tooth surfaces, and dental caries are demineralization of enamel by bacterial waste products. The main factors influencing caries and calculus are oral hygiene and diet, with complex carbohydrates and refined foods associated with greater risks due to longer oral clearance times. Periodontal disease is influenced by plaque, hygiene, and diet, as bacteria from plaque and the mouth trigger an immune response leading to inflammation and potential tooth/bone loss.
Seminar on early_childhood_caries
Early childhood caries (ECC) is a major public health problem affecting children worldwide. It is caused by an interaction of bacteria, fermentable carbohydrates, and susceptible tooth structure. Risk factors include bottle feeding practices, lack of oral hygiene, and socioeconomic status. ECC begins as white spot lesions on maxillary incisors and can progress rapidly without treatment. Prevention involves reducing sugar intake, brushing with fluoride toothpaste, and dental care.
DENTAL CARIES PPT
- Dental caries is caused by acid-producing bacteria in the mouth that consume sugars, producing acids that demineralize tooth enamel and dentin over time.
- W.D. Miller proposed the chemopasitic theory in 1890 which explained that the presence of fermentable carbohydrates serves as nutrients for bacteria like Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli to produce organic acids responsible for dental caries.
- Early childhood caries (ECC), also known as baby bottle tooth decay, is characterized by the presence of decay in primary teeth in children under 6 years old, often caused by prolonged bottle or breastfeeding containing sugars.
Infections of teeth and bone - Oral Pathology
DENTAL CARIES
Epidemiology
Clinical Types
Enamel Caries
Dentin Caries
PULPITIS
Reversible Pulpitis
Irreversible Pulpitis
Pulpal Necrosis
Common Diagnostic Techniques
History and Nature of Pain
Reaction to Thermal Changes
Reaction to Electrical Stimulation
Reaction to Tooth Percussion
Radiographic Examination
Visual Clinical Examination
Palpation of Surrounding Area
Histopathology of Pulpal Disease
Acute Pulpitis
Chronic Pulpitis
Chronic Hyperplastic Pulpitis
PERIAPICAL LESIONS
Chronic Apical Periodontitis
Periapical Granuloma
Periapical Cyst
ACUTE PERIAPICAL CONDITION
Periapical Abscess
OSTEOMYELITIS
Acute Osteomyelitis
Cellulitis
Chronic Osteomyelitis
Garré Osteomyelitis
Dental caries
This document discusses dental caries, including its etiology, clinical characteristics, and histopathology. It describes how caries is caused by an interaction between host factors, such as tooth composition and saliva, and environmental factors like diet and bacteria. It also summarizes the typical progression and appearance of caries in different locations, such as pits and fissures, smooth surfaces, and root surfaces. Caries develops when acids produced by bacteria in dental plaque from sugars in the diet break down tooth minerals over time. The document provides details on the role of various microorganisms involved at different caries stages.
Caries diagnosis handout
This document provides information on dental caries (tooth decay), including definitions, classifications, diagnostic methods, and treatment considerations. It begins with definitions of dental caries and classifications of caries lesions. It then discusses various diagnostic methods and what they can reveal, such as visual examination, probing, radiography, laser fluorescence, and fiber-optic transillumination. Factors considered in diagnosis and treatment decisions are also summarized, including lesion activity, size, and depth. The goal of diagnosis is early detection to allow for preventive and minimally invasive treatment when possible.
Dental Cavity (Caries)
The document discusses dental cavities, including what they are, how they form, risk factors, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options. Cavities are holes in teeth caused by tooth decay from bacteria in the mouth interacting with sugars. They start small in the enamel and get deeper over time. Risk factors include diet, saliva flow, and genetics. Cavities are often diagnosed through dental exams and X-rays. Treatment focuses on prevention through diet and hygiene, remineralization of small cavities, and restoration of larger cavities with fillings or other procedures.
1_Module_1__Introduction_to_Cariology_The_Dental_Caries_Process_and_its_Etiol...
The document provides an introduction to dental caries (tooth decay) as a disease. It defines dental caries according to various authors and organizations. Caries results from an imbalance between tooth mineral and biofilm fluid that causes demineralization of enamel and dentin. Key factors that contribute to this imbalance are the host tooth surface, carbohydrates as a substrate for oral bacteria, the oral biofilm, and time. However, not all individuals with teeth and a biofilm who consume carbohydrates will develop caries, as several risk and protective factors can modify the caries process, such as saliva composition and flow, oral hygiene, fluoride exposure, and diet.
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Chap3 Edited
The document discusses the role of carbohydrates in dental caries (tooth decay). It states that fermentable carbohydrates like glucose, fructose, and sucrose are easily fermented by bacteria like Streptococcus mutans in dental plaque, producing acids that demineralize tooth enamel and lead to cavities. Frequent sugar intake and sticky sugars that remain on teeth increase caries risk. Starches carry less risk as they are slowly broken down. Replacing sucrose with non-fermentable sugars can reduce caries. The acidogenic theory proposes that the localized pH drop facilitated by plaque enables demineralization.
Chap3 Edited
The document discusses the role of carbohydrates in dental caries (tooth decay). It states that fermentable carbohydrates like glucose, fructose, and sucrose are easily fermented by bacteria like Streptococcus mutans in dental plaque, producing acids that demineralize tooth enamel and lead to cavities. Frequent sugar intake and sticky carbohydrates increase caries risk as they prolong acid exposure. Starches carry less risk as they are slowly broken down. Replacing sucrose with non-fermentable sugars can reduce caries. Local acid drops below the critical pH of 5.5 cause subsurface demineralization and eventual cavities.
Chap3 Edited
The document discusses the role of carbohydrates in dental caries (tooth decay). It states that fermentable carbohydrates like glucose, fructose, and sucrose are easily fermented by bacteria like Streptococcus mutans in dental plaque, producing acids that demineralize tooth enamel and lead to cavities. Frequent sugar intake and sticky sugars that remain on teeth increase caries risk. Starches carry less risk as they are slowly broken down. Replacing sucrose with non-fermentable sugars can reduce caries. The acidogenic theory proposes that the localized pH drop facilitated by plaque allows demineralization.
Chap3 edited
The document discusses the role of carbohydrates in dental caries (tooth decay). It states that fermentable carbohydrates like glucose, fructose, and sucrose are easily fermented by bacteria like Streptococcus mutans in dental plaque, producing acids that demineralize tooth enamel and lead to cavities. Frequent sugar intake and sticky carbohydrates increase caries risk as they prolong acid exposure. Starches carry less risk as they are slowly broken down. Replacing sucrose with non-fermentable alternatives like sorbitol and xylitol reduces caries.
Chap3 edited
The document discusses the role of carbohydrates in dental caries (tooth decay). It states that fermentable carbohydrates like glucose, fructose, and sucrose are easily fermented by bacteria like Streptococcus mutans in dental plaque, producing acids that demineralize tooth enamel and lead to cavities. Frequent sugar intake and sticky carbohydrates that remain on teeth increase caries risk. Starches carry less risk as they are slowly broken down. Replacing sucrose with non-fermentable sugars can reduce caries. Local acid production below pH 5.5 causes subsurface enamel demineralization and below pH 4-5 leads to surface enamel loss.
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- 1. THE ROLE OF CARBOHYDRATES IN DENTAL CARIES
- 34. Thank you The end