This document discusses key concepts related to the internet and web technologies. It defines common web technologies like HTTP, URLs, web browsers and servers. It also describes static and dynamic web pages and how client-side and server-side scripts can make pages dynamic. Finally, it discusses markup languages like HTML, XML and related standards like DTDs, schemas, XSL and XQuery that help structure and present web content.

2. Internet
WORLD WIDE WEB
WEB
PAGE

3. Apache
HTTP Server
Internet
Information
System (IIS)
 a free
open-
source
package
that runs
with most
operating
systems.
 is a
microsoft
package
that
comes
with
many
versions
of its
operating
systems.

4. Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
identifies where the web page is stored, both the location
of the Web server and the name and the locationof the Web
page on the server.
Hypertext
Transfer Protocol
(http)
is the data
communication
method used by
Web clients and
Web servers to
exchange data in
the internet.
Transmission Control
Protocol/ Internet
Protocol (TCP/IP)
together with the
HTTP, this is where a
Web client request for
the Web page over
the internet. It is also
the standard protocol
for all communication
on the Internet.

5. web server
location path
web page name

6. Web Browser
Computer program which is used to retrieve a Web page from
a web client .
Example: Microsoft Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Safari,
Google Chrome and Opera.
Tags
codes that the web browser interprets to position and format
the text in the web page . A web page also contain tags for
links.
Hyperlinks
link one Web page to another or link to another location in the
same Web page.

7. Static Web Pages
web pages that display the
same content for all Web
clients.
Dynamic Web Pages
Pages whose content changes
in response to the different
inputs and choices using Web
clients.

8. Dynamic Web
Pages
Client-side extensions
can be embedded in HTML
documents or contained in
separate that are referenced
within HTML documents. It can
change the user interface in
respose to userinput actions.
Java Scripts and VBScript are
examples of client-side
extension laguages.
Server-side
extensions
are usually separately executed
programs. Most server-side
extensions are created using
programming development
frameworks, such as ASP.NET
and ColdFusion, although the
PHP scripting language is
frequently used with the
Apache HTTP Server.

9. Common Gateway Interface (CGI) and
Application Program Iterface (API)
are standard interfaces that provide mechanism for
communicating with server-side extensions.
Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) , Java
Database Conectivity (JDBC), and ADO.NET
are standard software interfaces that have been developed to
interact with DBMSs.

10. Three-tier Architecture

11. COMPLICATION for database processing
over the Web is that HTTP is inherently
stateless protocol, which means that
once the Web Server responds to a Web
Client request for a Web page by
delivering a page, the connection
between the two is closed and the Web
server retains NO INFORMATION about
the request or the Web Client.

12. Cookies
small files written on a Web client’s hard drive by a Web
Server. It is a Client-side technique for an organization to
remeber key data supplied by a Web client.
Session
is the duration of a Web client’s connection to a Web
server. Is server-side solution usually include storing
sessio information in a database or using other forms of
session management.

14. HTML is a text-based MARK-UP LANGUAGE, which means
that it contains tags that describe a document’s content and
appearance.
HTML was created and first used in
1990 by Tim Berners-Lee, the
founder of the Web, the founder of
World Wide Web Consortium
(W3C), and the person who wrote
the software for the first Web
Browser and for the first Web
Server.

15. Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), which
is a metalanguage (a language used to define another
language) used to create document markup language.
Languages based on the full SGML, are used to manage
large, complex reports and technical specifications for a
variety of computer platforms, printers and other
devices.

16. Extensible Markup Language (XML), a
metalanguage derived from a restricted
subset of SGML, is designed for the
exchange of data on the Web.
XML was developed and became a W3C
recommendation in 1998.

17. XML should begin withan XML
declaration that specifies to an
XML processor which version
of XML to use.
Dataroot element serves as a
container for all the other
elements defined in the XML
document.

18. Is a tag at the end of the
document identifies the
end of the scope of the
data root element.

19. is a markup language based on XML and is
stricter version of HTML and as more
organization use XML more XHTML-based
Web pages will be created and used on the
Internet.

20. How does an XML processor understand
the meaning of the tags and the
characteristics and structure of the data
in an XML document?

21. You use either a Document Type
Definition or an XML schema to provide
those important facts about the data.

22. Document Type Definition (DTD)
Specifies the element (tags),
attributes (characteristics associated
with each tag), and the element
relationships for an XML document.
XML Schema
Is a newer formof DTD that more
closely matches database features
and terminology

23. Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL)
Is a standard W3C language for creating
stylesheets for XML documents.
STYLESHEETS
is a document that specifies how to process the
data contained in another document and present
the data.
XSL Transformations (XSLT)
defines the rules to process an XML document
and change it into another document.

24. XQuery
Which is a language for a querying
XML, XSL, XHTML, other XML-
based documents.
Office Open XML
file format is a compressed version
of XML, but you can save each of
these files in a more traditional
XML-based format.