This chapter discusses multimedia and real-time interactive communications over the Internet. It covers digitizing and compressing audio and video, streaming stored and live content, protocols for real-time transmission like RTP and RTCP, and applications such as voice over IP using SIP and H.323. The goals are to understand the characteristics of different multimedia services and transmission methods, and how protocols enable real-time interactive audio and video communications on the Internet.
The document discusses the architecture and components of the World Wide Web and HTTP. It covers clients (browsers), servers, URLs, cookies, and the three categories of web documents: static, dynamic, and active. It also explains HTTP transactions, including request and response messages, status codes, headers, and examples of GET and POST methods. Key concepts covered are browsers, servers, URLs, cookies, static documents using HTML, dynamic documents using CGI and scripts, active documents using Java applets and scripts, and the functioning of HTTP.
The document discusses IPv6 and ICMPv6, including their advantages over IPv4, address formats, header formats, extension headers, and differences from IPv4. It also covers three strategies for transitioning from IPv4 to IPv6: dual stack, tunneling, and header translation.
This chapter discusses multimedia and real-time interactive communications over the Internet. It covers digitizing and compressing audio and video, streaming stored and live content, protocols for real-time transmission like RTP and RTCP, and applications such as voice over IP using SIP and H.323. The goals are to understand the characteristics of different multimedia services and transmission methods, and how protocols enable real-time interactive audio and video communications on the Internet.
The document discusses the architecture and components of the World Wide Web and HTTP. It covers clients (browsers), servers, URLs, cookies, and the three categories of web documents: static, dynamic, and active. It also explains HTTP transactions, including request and response messages, status codes, headers, and examples of GET and POST methods. Key concepts covered are browsers, servers, URLs, cookies, static documents using HTML, dynamic documents using CGI and scripts, active documents using Java applets and scripts, and the functioning of HTTP.
The document discusses IPv6 and ICMPv6, including their advantages over IPv4, address formats, header formats, extension headers, and differences from IPv4. It also covers three strategies for transitioning from IPv4 to IPv6: dual stack, tunneling, and header translation.
This document discusses security concepts in networking including cryptography, privacy, digital signatures, entity authentication, key management, and security protocols. It covers symmetric and asymmetric cryptography, privacy techniques using encryption, digital signatures for authentication and non-repudiation, methods for entity authentication, key distribution and management, and security protocols including IPSec, TLS, PGP, and firewalls.
This document discusses email architecture and protocols. It begins by outlining four common email scenarios that increase in complexity, from a single user to multiple users across different systems. The key components of email systems are then described in more detail, including user agents, message transfer agents (MTAs) that use SMTP, and message access protocols like POP3 and IMAP. User agents allow users to send and receive messages, while MTAs and protocols like SMTP handle the actual transfer of messages between systems. The document provides examples and diagrams to illustrate how these different components work together to enable electronic mail.
This document discusses how IP data is carried over an ATM network. It explains that IP datagrams are encapsulated into ATM cells using AAL5. The cells are then routed individually through the ATM network based on their addresses to the exiting point router. ATMARP is used to map IP addresses to physical ATM addresses to allow cells to be properly delivered from entering to exiting point routers across the ATM network. Logical IP subnets can also be defined to facilitate protocols like ATMARP that require simulating broadcast domains.
This document provides an overview of the OSI model and TCP/IP protocol suite. It describes the seven-layer OSI model and how the TCP/IP protocol suite corresponds to the first five layers. Each layer of the OSI model is briefly defined. The document also discusses the three types of addresses used in TCP/IP: physical, logical (IP), and port addresses. Later versions of the IP protocol, including versions 4, 5, and 6, are also introduced.
This document provides an overview of SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) and its components SMI (Structure of Management Information) and MIB (Management Information Base). It discusses the roles of SNMP managers and agents, how SMI defines object naming and encoding, how MIBs define the objects that can be managed on an agent, and how SNMP is used to get, set, and trap values of these objects.
This chapter discusses mobile IP and addressing for mobile hosts. It describes the key concepts of mobile IP including home and care-of addresses, home and foreign agents, and the three phases of agent discovery, registration, and data transfer. It also notes potential inefficiencies in mobile IP communications including double crossing and triangle routing.
This document provides an overview of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). It discusses TCP services like reliable data delivery and connection-oriented communication. The document explains TCP features such as flow control, error control, and congestion control. It describes TCP segments, the three-way handshake for connection establishment, and the TCP state transition diagram. Timers used in TCP like the retransmission timer are also covered.
This document summarizes Chapter 17 of the TCP/IP Protocol Suite, which discusses the Domain Name System (DNS). The key points covered include:
- The hierarchical structure of domain names and organization of the DNS name space.
- How name resolution works to map names to IP addresses and vice versa through DNS servers and records.
- Common record types like A, PTR, MX and NS records.
- The top-level domains like .com, .edu and country codes as well as the root servers.
- DNS query and response message formats.
- Examples of typical DNS queries and responses.
The document discusses file transfer protocols FTP and TFTP. It provides an overview of FTP, including the connections needed, commands, responses, and file transfer process. TFTP is introduced as a simpler file transfer protocol than FTP that uses UDP instead of TCP and lacks sophisticated features. Examples of file transfers using FTP and TFTP are presented along with message formats and error codes.
The document discusses several methods for multipoint communication over IP and ATM networks. It describes routing algorithms like flooding, spanning trees, and core-based trees. It also covers protocols for multipoint communication in IP like DVMRP, MOSPF, PIM-DM, and PIM-SM. For ATM, it discusses approaches like VC mesh, multicast server, SEAM, and SMART. It provides an overview of challenges and solutions for supporting multipoint applications over both IP and ATM networks.
- An organization was granted a block of IP addresses with the beginning address 14.24.74.0/24, containing 256 addresses total.
- The organization needs to create 11 subnets within this block to meet its networking needs.
- To create 11 subnets, the subnet prefix length would need to increase by 4 bits to /28, dividing the block into 16-address subnets (2^4 = 16 subnets).
This presentation provides a high-level overview for the practice of IT Architecture in today's enterprise. It is the first in several IT Architecture presentations we will be providing.
Computer Security Lecture 4.1: DES Supplementary MaterialMohamed Loey
We will discuss the following: Data Encryption Standard, DES Algorithm, DES Key Creation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1-lF4dePpts&list=PLKYmvyjH53q13_6aS4VwgXU0Nb_4sjwuf
This document provides an overview of routing protocols, including intra-domain routing protocols like RIP and OSPF, and inter-domain routing protocols like BGP. It defines intra-domain routing as routing within an autonomous system and inter-domain routing as routing between autonomous systems. The document describes the basic concepts and mechanisms of distance vector routing, link state routing, and path vector routing, and how protocols like RIP, OSPF, and BGP implement these different routing approaches.
This document provides an overview of the Internet Protocol (IP) including key concepts like the IP datagram format, fragmentation, and options. It discusses the IP datagram header fields including version, header length, type of service, total length, identification, flags, fragment offset, time to live, protocol, header checksum, source address, and destination address. It also covers fragmentation, including the maximum transmission unit, fragmentation flags and offset. Finally, it discusses IP options like record route, timestamp, and source routing and provides examples of using ping and traceroute to test IP functionality.
This document provides an overview of the UDP protocol. It discusses process-to-process communication, the format of UDP datagrams which include a 8-byte header, and how UDP checksums are calculated differently than IP and ICMP checksums by including a pseudoheader. UDP is connectionless and provides minimal error checking, using queues for input and output. Examples are given of how a sample UDP package tracks communication using a control block table and modules for input, output, and the control block.
This document discusses IPv4 addressing and classful addressing. It begins by introducing IP addresses and their notation. It then covers classful addressing, including recognizing the different address classes (A, B, C, D, E), network addresses, default masks, and finding the network address given an IP address. It also discusses issues with wasted addresses in certain classes and the concepts of netid and hostid. The document uses examples to illustrate key points.
This document provides an overview of the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP). It discusses ICMP message formats, types of error and query messages, checksum calculation, and debugging tools like ping and traceroute that use ICMP. The key points are that ICMP is used to report errors in IP packets and request information from other nodes, contains error messages for issues like unreachable destinations and time exceeded, and query messages for functions like echo requests and replies. Debugging tools like ping use ICMP echo requests/replies to test connectivity while traceroute uses ICMP responses to map the route between nodes.
https://mloey.github.io/courses/security2017.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=td_8AM80DUA&list=PLKYmvyjH53q13_6aS4VwgXU0Nb_4sjwuf&index=2&t=37s
We will discuss the following: Symmetric Encryption, Substitution Techniques, Caesar Cipher, Monoalphabetic Cipher, Playfair Cipher, Hill Cipher
This document provides an overview of the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP). It discusses SCTP's services, features, packet format, association establishment and termination, flow and error control, and congestion control. The objectives are to understand SCTP's multi-streaming, multihoming, and reliable transmission capabilities as well as the fields used to identify chunks and streams within SCTP packets.
IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) allows multicast routers to track group memberships across multicast networks. It has three message types - query, membership report, and leave report. Upon receiving a query, hosts send membership reports to the router to join or leave groups. The router uses these reports to maintain a list of members for each multicast group on that network segment. IGMP messages are encapsulated in IP datagrams and Ethernet frames for transmission.
This document discusses security concepts in networking including cryptography, privacy, digital signatures, entity authentication, key management, and security protocols. It covers symmetric and asymmetric cryptography, privacy techniques using encryption, digital signatures for authentication and non-repudiation, methods for entity authentication, key distribution and management, and security protocols including IPSec, TLS, PGP, and firewalls.
This document discusses email architecture and protocols. It begins by outlining four common email scenarios that increase in complexity, from a single user to multiple users across different systems. The key components of email systems are then described in more detail, including user agents, message transfer agents (MTAs) that use SMTP, and message access protocols like POP3 and IMAP. User agents allow users to send and receive messages, while MTAs and protocols like SMTP handle the actual transfer of messages between systems. The document provides examples and diagrams to illustrate how these different components work together to enable electronic mail.
This document discusses how IP data is carried over an ATM network. It explains that IP datagrams are encapsulated into ATM cells using AAL5. The cells are then routed individually through the ATM network based on their addresses to the exiting point router. ATMARP is used to map IP addresses to physical ATM addresses to allow cells to be properly delivered from entering to exiting point routers across the ATM network. Logical IP subnets can also be defined to facilitate protocols like ATMARP that require simulating broadcast domains.
This document provides an overview of the OSI model and TCP/IP protocol suite. It describes the seven-layer OSI model and how the TCP/IP protocol suite corresponds to the first five layers. Each layer of the OSI model is briefly defined. The document also discusses the three types of addresses used in TCP/IP: physical, logical (IP), and port addresses. Later versions of the IP protocol, including versions 4, 5, and 6, are also introduced.
This document provides an overview of SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) and its components SMI (Structure of Management Information) and MIB (Management Information Base). It discusses the roles of SNMP managers and agents, how SMI defines object naming and encoding, how MIBs define the objects that can be managed on an agent, and how SNMP is used to get, set, and trap values of these objects.
This chapter discusses mobile IP and addressing for mobile hosts. It describes the key concepts of mobile IP including home and care-of addresses, home and foreign agents, and the three phases of agent discovery, registration, and data transfer. It also notes potential inefficiencies in mobile IP communications including double crossing and triangle routing.
This document provides an overview of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). It discusses TCP services like reliable data delivery and connection-oriented communication. The document explains TCP features such as flow control, error control, and congestion control. It describes TCP segments, the three-way handshake for connection establishment, and the TCP state transition diagram. Timers used in TCP like the retransmission timer are also covered.
This document summarizes Chapter 17 of the TCP/IP Protocol Suite, which discusses the Domain Name System (DNS). The key points covered include:
- The hierarchical structure of domain names and organization of the DNS name space.
- How name resolution works to map names to IP addresses and vice versa through DNS servers and records.
- Common record types like A, PTR, MX and NS records.
- The top-level domains like .com, .edu and country codes as well as the root servers.
- DNS query and response message formats.
- Examples of typical DNS queries and responses.
The document discusses file transfer protocols FTP and TFTP. It provides an overview of FTP, including the connections needed, commands, responses, and file transfer process. TFTP is introduced as a simpler file transfer protocol than FTP that uses UDP instead of TCP and lacks sophisticated features. Examples of file transfers using FTP and TFTP are presented along with message formats and error codes.
The document discusses several methods for multipoint communication over IP and ATM networks. It describes routing algorithms like flooding, spanning trees, and core-based trees. It also covers protocols for multipoint communication in IP like DVMRP, MOSPF, PIM-DM, and PIM-SM. For ATM, it discusses approaches like VC mesh, multicast server, SEAM, and SMART. It provides an overview of challenges and solutions for supporting multipoint applications over both IP and ATM networks.
- An organization was granted a block of IP addresses with the beginning address 14.24.74.0/24, containing 256 addresses total.
- The organization needs to create 11 subnets within this block to meet its networking needs.
- To create 11 subnets, the subnet prefix length would need to increase by 4 bits to /28, dividing the block into 16-address subnets (2^4 = 16 subnets).
This presentation provides a high-level overview for the practice of IT Architecture in today's enterprise. It is the first in several IT Architecture presentations we will be providing.
Computer Security Lecture 4.1: DES Supplementary MaterialMohamed Loey
We will discuss the following: Data Encryption Standard, DES Algorithm, DES Key Creation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1-lF4dePpts&list=PLKYmvyjH53q13_6aS4VwgXU0Nb_4sjwuf
This document provides an overview of routing protocols, including intra-domain routing protocols like RIP and OSPF, and inter-domain routing protocols like BGP. It defines intra-domain routing as routing within an autonomous system and inter-domain routing as routing between autonomous systems. The document describes the basic concepts and mechanisms of distance vector routing, link state routing, and path vector routing, and how protocols like RIP, OSPF, and BGP implement these different routing approaches.
This document provides an overview of the Internet Protocol (IP) including key concepts like the IP datagram format, fragmentation, and options. It discusses the IP datagram header fields including version, header length, type of service, total length, identification, flags, fragment offset, time to live, protocol, header checksum, source address, and destination address. It also covers fragmentation, including the maximum transmission unit, fragmentation flags and offset. Finally, it discusses IP options like record route, timestamp, and source routing and provides examples of using ping and traceroute to test IP functionality.
This document provides an overview of the UDP protocol. It discusses process-to-process communication, the format of UDP datagrams which include a 8-byte header, and how UDP checksums are calculated differently than IP and ICMP checksums by including a pseudoheader. UDP is connectionless and provides minimal error checking, using queues for input and output. Examples are given of how a sample UDP package tracks communication using a control block table and modules for input, output, and the control block.
This document discusses IPv4 addressing and classful addressing. It begins by introducing IP addresses and their notation. It then covers classful addressing, including recognizing the different address classes (A, B, C, D, E), network addresses, default masks, and finding the network address given an IP address. It also discusses issues with wasted addresses in certain classes and the concepts of netid and hostid. The document uses examples to illustrate key points.
This document provides an overview of the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP). It discusses ICMP message formats, types of error and query messages, checksum calculation, and debugging tools like ping and traceroute that use ICMP. The key points are that ICMP is used to report errors in IP packets and request information from other nodes, contains error messages for issues like unreachable destinations and time exceeded, and query messages for functions like echo requests and replies. Debugging tools like ping use ICMP echo requests/replies to test connectivity while traceroute uses ICMP responses to map the route between nodes.
https://mloey.github.io/courses/security2017.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=td_8AM80DUA&list=PLKYmvyjH53q13_6aS4VwgXU0Nb_4sjwuf&index=2&t=37s
We will discuss the following: Symmetric Encryption, Substitution Techniques, Caesar Cipher, Monoalphabetic Cipher, Playfair Cipher, Hill Cipher
This document provides an overview of the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP). It discusses SCTP's services, features, packet format, association establishment and termination, flow and error control, and congestion control. The objectives are to understand SCTP's multi-streaming, multihoming, and reliable transmission capabilities as well as the fields used to identify chunks and streams within SCTP packets.
IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) allows multicast routers to track group memberships across multicast networks. It has three message types - query, membership report, and leave report. Upon receiving a query, hosts send membership reports to the router to join or leave groups. The router uses these reports to maintain a list of members for each multicast group on that network segment. IGMP messages are encapsulated in IP datagrams and Ethernet frames for transmission.
This document discusses ARP and RARP protocols. It begins by listing learning objectives about understanding the need for ARP and RARP, their components and interactions. It then provides examples to illustrate how ARP works by associating IP addresses with physical addresses, including ARP request and reply packet formats. It also discusses RARP, which works in the opposite direction of ARP by mapping a physical address to an IP address. Components of a sample ARP software package are described through examples of updating a cache table.
This document discusses delivery, forwarding, and routing of IP packets. It begins by explaining direct versus indirect delivery and connection types. Forwarding techniques like next-hop, network-specific, host-specific, and default routing are covered. Examples demonstrate how routing tables work in classful and classless addressing using forwarding modules. Forwarding processes are illustrated for various destination IP addresses.
Lecture 8 The Communication System Finalterm SlidesNoctorous Jamal
The document discusses amplitude modulation and envelope detection. It covers topics such as AM signals, envelopes, rectifier detectors, and envelope detectors. Examples and diagrams are provided to illustrate envelope detection and how it can be used to extract the signal from an AM carrier wave.
Lecture 7 The Communication System Finalterm SlidesNoctorous Jamal
Modulation is the process of shifting the frequency range of a signal. There are two main types of communication: baseband which does not use modulation, and carrier communication which does use modulation such as amplitude modulation (AM) and angle modulation including frequency modulation (FM) and phase modulation (PM). AM is a form of linear modulation while FM and PM are nonlinear modulations.
Lecture 6 The Communication System Finalterm SlidesNoctorous Jamal
This document discusses ideal and practical filters, signal distortion over communication channels, energy spectral density, energy of modulated signals, linear time invariant systems, power spectral density, and signal power. It provides figures and examples to illustrate these concepts. The document concludes by assigning homework problems related to these topics from the exercises.
Lecture 6 The Communication System Finalterm Slides
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 1
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 2