This document discusses different types of changes in matter. It defines physical changes as changes that alter a substance's properties without changing its composition, giving examples like breaking, cutting, dissolving, and changes in state. Chemical changes are defined as changes involving one or more substances turning into new substances. The five states of matter are identified as solid, liquid, gas, plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate. Phase changes between these states are explained. The law of conservation of mass is also defined as mass being neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions.

1. 2Co 5:17 So if anyone is in Christ,
there is a new creation: everything
old has passed away; see,
everything has become new!

3. Changes that Matter Undergoes
Section 3.1 Physical Change
Section 3.1a States of Matter
Section 3.1b Phase Changes
Section 3.2 Chemical Change
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4. Section 3.0 Changes in Matter
• Define physical change and list several common
physical changes.
• Define chemical change and list several indications
that a chemical change has taken place.
• Apply the law of conservation of mass to chemical
reactions.
observation: orderly, direct information gathering
about a phenomenon

5. Physical Changes
• A change that alters a substance without
changing its composition is known as a
physical change.
It’s a physical change if...
• It changes shape or size ( broken glass, cutting
papers)
• It dissolves (Sugar dissolving in water)
• It changes state/phase (melting of ice)
A phase change is a transition of matter from
one state to another.

6. States of Matter
• The physical forms of matter, either solid,
liquid, or gas, are called the states of
matter.
• Solids are a form of matter that
have their own definite shape and
volume.
• Liquids are a form of matter that
have a definite volume but take the
shape of the container.

7. States of Matter (cont.)
• Gases have no definite shape or
volume. They expand to fill their
container.
Vapor refers to the gaseous state of a
substance that is a solid or liquid at room
temperature.

8. The five states of matter:
BOSEEINSTEIN
SOLIDS
CONDENSATE
Lower
Temperature
PLASMAS
LIQUIDS
GASES
(only for low
density ionized
gases)
Higher
Temperature

9. Plasma
Bose-Einstein
Condensate

10. But what happens if you raise the
temperature to super-high levels…
between
1000 C and 1,000,000,000 C ?
Will everything
just be a gas?

11. PLASMA--- 4th state of matter
 A plasma is an
ionized gas.
 A plasma is a very
good conductor of
electricity and is
affected by
magnetic fields.
 Plasmas, like gases
• Plasma is the
have an indefinite
shape and an
common state
indefinite volume.
of matter

12. Some places where plasmas are found…
1. Flames

13. 2. Lightning

14. 3. Aurora (Northern Lights)

15. 4. Neon lights

16. 5. Stars
Stars make up 99% of the total matter in the Universe.
Therefore, 99% of everything that exists in the entire
Universe is in the plasma state.

17. The Sun is an example of a star in its
plasma state

18. 6. Clouds of gas and dust around stars
6

19. But now what happens if you lower the
temperature way, way, down to
100 nano degrees above
“Absolute Zero” (-273°C)
Will everything
just be a frozen
solid?

20. Not Necessarily!
In 1924 (82 years ago), two scientists, Albert
Einstein and Satyendra Bose predicted a 5th
state of matter which would occur at very very
low temperatures.
Einstein
Bose
+

21. In a Bose-Einstein condensate, atoms can no
longer bounce around as individuals.
Instead they must all act in exactly the same
way, and you can no longer tell them apart!

22. Some other computer images of Bose-Einstein Condensates…

24. To really understand BoseEinstein condensate you
need to know
Quantum Physics

25. Phase Changes

26. Chemical Change
• A change that involves one or more
substances turning into new substances is
called a chemical change.
• Decomposing, rusting, exploding, burning, or
oxidizing are all terms that describe chemical
changes.

28. Conservation of Mass
• The law of conservation of mass states
that mass is neither created nor destroyed
in a chemical reaction, it is conserved.
• The mass of the reactants equals the mass of
the products.
massreactants = massproducts

29. Section 3 Changes in Matter
Key Concepts
• A physical change alters the physical properties of a
substance without changing its composition.
• The five states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas,
plasma and bose – Einstein condensate
• A chemical change, also known as a chemical reaction,
inv olves a change in a substance’s composition.
• In a chemical reaction, reactants form products.
• The law of conservation of mass states that mass is
neither created nor destroyed during a chemical
reaction; it is conserved.
massreactants = massproducts

30. “You can never change the nature of things
Because CHANGE is the nature of things”