Challenges of the io t v1
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The document discusses several key challenges for the Internet of Things (IoT), including a lack of interoperability between current proprietary vertical solutions, issues around easy deployment and plug-and-play functionality at scale, and security concerns over privacy and data protection with networked devices. It also outlines some approaches to addressing these challenges through open standards, distributed intelligence, and turning sensor data into meaningful knowledge through tagging and semantics.
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Challenges of the io t v1
- 1. Challenges for the Internet of Things Jeroen Hoebeke, www.ibcn.intec.ugent.be Internet Based Communication Networks and Services (IBCN) Department of Information Technology (INTEC) Ghent University - iMinds 7/12/2014 1
- 2. MAKING IoT HAPPEN Key challenges (- enablers)
- 3. Ingredients: Cloud-based IoT system Source: white paper arm.com / freescale.com Cloud Big data analytics Connectivity: local + global (wireless) Embedded, low-power Services/user interactions Security, trust…
- 5. TODAY Manu-factoring Health-care … Domain specific applica ons Domain specific devices Proprietary ver cal solu ons: proprietary protocols & … technologies Manu-factoring Health-care IP connectivity … Application enablement Reconfigurable technologies … TOMORROW Open standards From closed vertical solutions to open horizontal solutions Easy support of wide diversity of IoT applications
- 6. Example Open standards for constrained devices CoAP IETF UDP 6LoWPAN 802.15.4 92KB flash 8KB RAM CoRE IETF RPL IETF 6LoWPAN IEEE Web of Things /s/t 22.5°C SERVER CLIENT 200 OK text/plain 22.5°C GET /s/t
- 7. Example Open standards for constrained devices CoAP IETF UDP 6LoWPAN 802.15.4 92KB flash 8KB RAM CoRE IETF RPL IETF 6LoWPAN IEEE /s/t 22.5°C SERVER CLIENT 200 OK text/plain 22.5°C GET /s/t
- 8. 50 Billion “Smart Objects” 50 Inflection point 6.8 7.2 7.6 Rapid Adoption rate of digital infrastructure: 5X faster than electricity and telephony World Population 2010 2015 2020 40 30 20 10 0 Billions of Devices 25 12.5 Timeline © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Deployment & operation? Plug & play •Easy deployment (auto-configuration, assisted using e.g. wearable technologies…) •Self-management, self-diagnostics •Robustness at scale (e.g. reliable wireless connectivity) Distributed intelligence to handle huge amounts of traffic
- 9. Distributed intelligence Traditional Computing Model Infinite,bandwidth, 0 delay © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. IoE Computing Model Datacenter/Cloud Assumes limited bandwidth, variable delay, and intermittent connectivity Fog Assumes limited bandwidth, variable delay, and intermittent connectivity Device Datacenter/Cloud Endpoint
- 10. Security
- 11. Security – privacy – data protection Technological aspect: security protocols exist / are being designed • E.g. IETF is very active on security for constrained devices • Open challenges: deal with limited capabilities, devices can be lost/stolen/sold/have finite life, scale, across systems Human/legal aspect • Apply security solutions (e.g. default router password) • How to control your data (e.g. Facebook data)
- 12. From data to knowledge
- 13. Turning data into knowledge CoAP-enabled sensors Tagging + semantics Reasoning on sensor and other data
- 14. IoT – Human interactions IoT: many constrained, embedded devices (sensors, actuators) without (graphical) user interface Wearables Interactive, embedded screens with content adapting to context Facilitate IoT interactions through vision
- 15. ?
- 16. Jeroen Hoebeke jeroen.hoebeke@intec.ugent.be www.ibcn.intec.ugent.be www.iminds.be Join iMinds
Editor's Notes
- Happy to be here and talk to you about the Internet of Things, one of the research domains iMinds is very active in. As IoT is a multifaceted domain, this presentation mainly aims to give you a high-level introduction to the IoT and the role it can play for you or your company.
- IoT has a lot of potential, but to make it happen several challenges need to be tackled
- Functional view of Cloud-based system Alternative systems: Local systems: users directly interact with IoT devices Mixed systems: direct + via Cloud Brokerage solutions integrating various systems
- Illustration of complex IoT landscape, listing companies that provide several of these ingredients. Most solutions are vertical proprietary solutions There is a clear lack of interoperability, which is a bottleneck for realizing the IoT
- Open horizontal solutions: Devices that can be used in different application domains using reconfigurable technologies Connectivity using standards such as IP and web service technology Application enablers in order to support any domain specific application
- This is exactly what is happening within the IETF, where they are defining standards to connect constrained devices to the IP-based Internet and to easily integrate them with web services.
- Another major challenge is the deployment and operation, taking into account the huge number of devices that will become part of the IoT What you need is plug & play functionality, meaning solutions to easily (automatically) deploy and configure large numbers of devices smart components for self-management, self-diagnosis communication solutions that remain robust at scale On top of that, in order to handle the huge amounts of traffic, you need distributed intelligence.
- traditionally: endpoint - network - server (cloud) -> all data to the cloud, assuming infinite bandwidth and no delay => will not be feasible anymore IoE: distributed intelligence or Fog: take the intelligence from server/cloud down as close as possible where the data is generated (limited BW and CPU -> smaller pipe is needed)
- Security is also a major challenge On January 17, an article appeared that reported on a connected fridge being used for sending SPAM You can imagine that, as more and more devices are being connected, security will become a bigger and bigger problem. Spamming is relatively innocent, but it in the future it can be your door lock, your heating system, the power grid of a city, etc. + systems that were previously closed are being connected to the Internet (e.g. smart grid, control and automation systems): many of them have not been designed with security in mind (design from abuse point of view
- There are two aspects to security: First there is the technological aspect: many security protocols exists and e.g. The IETF is very active in designing protocols that are suited for constrained devices. However, there are still open challenges, for instance how to deal wil stolen, list, sold devices Then there is also a human/legal aspect: It is not because security is there, that it is being used in the correct way -> e.g. changing default router password Next to this, there is also the privacy aspect: how to maintain control over your data. Facebook is a good example of how data can become (accidentally) too public
- A final challenge I will briefly touch upon is how to turn data into knowledge
- Here you see an example of an ongoing healthcare project, where sensor data is being tagged at the gateway. Next, the tagged data is sent to the Cloud, where it is mapped to a concept from an ontology. Next, the Cloud system is able to reason upon this data and the resulting knowledge can then be used in services. Next to this, you also have other approaches. For instance, the open source Apache Storm system allows distributed processing of in real-time data streams. This framework is for instance used by Twitter. Apache Storm is a free and open source distributed realtime computation system. Storm makes it easy to reliably process unbounded streams of data, doing for realtime processing what Hadoop did for batch processing. Storm is simple, can be used with any programming language, and is a lot of fun to use!
- Finally, I would also like to say something about human interactions with IoT devices. The IoT will involve many constrained devices without graphical user interface. So there is really a need to facilitate IoT interactions through vision. For example, wearable displays can be use to directly interaction with IoT devices. Alternatively, interactive screens embedded in the environment can show IoT-related content, adapted to context, such as the presence of a particular user. For instance, if I am in the bathroom, I should not see the weight of my wife in the mirror (or at least my wife would not want me to see this)…
- This brings me to the end of the talk. As IoT is a very broad domain, I have only touched the tip of the ice berg. Nevertheless, I hope I was able to give you some insights in what IoT is and what it can mean for you and your company…