The document outlines the history and importance of the chalkboard in education, crediting its invention to James Pillans and George Baron. It emphasizes the chalkboard's effectiveness as a teaching tool for interactive learning, organization, and student involvement across various subjects. The document also provides practical guidelines for using chalkboards effectively during lessons, focusing on planning, clarity in writing, and appropriate use of space.

1. CHALKBOARD – SKILLS FOR EFFECTIVE
TEACHING AND LEARNING
PROF.B.V.APPARAO
NIT WARANGAL

2. Discovery of Black Board
• James Pillans (1800 )
Head master in a school in Edinburg, Scotland
• George Baron, Maths Teacher USA(1801)

3. Blackboard –The best contributor to learning
“The inventor or introducer
of the blackboard
deserves to be ranked among the best
contributors to learning,
if not among the
best benefactors of mankind.”
-- Josiah Bumstead, 1841

4. Why is the Chalkboard effective?
• It is a medium of interaction between teacher & students.
It is a Teaching Aid
• Ease of presentation
• Self Pacing possible
• Allows flexibility and spontaneity
• Student Involvement
• Organization of the lesson, Building up the story

5. • Notes - taking by the students
• To develop students’ drawing skills
• Lesson Coherence
• Helps structured Teaching Style
• Gain attention and interest of students in the subject
• Retention of the subject
• Helps in classroom management

6. Examples from different subjects
• Maths: Working out problems step by step by active participation of
students
• Engineering Graphics: Explain the skills of engineering drawing
• Electrical engineering: Drawing electrical circuits
• Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology: Drawing flow charts of
processes
• Computer Programing: Teaching programming languages, Theory of
computation

7. • Physics and many other subjects: Derivations
• Chemistry: Stoichiometry, chemical equations, chemical
formulae, structures, Mechanism of reactions
• English: Grammar, New vocabulary

8. Some reasons to use the Chalkboard:
• To plan, control and pace the interaction and discussion
• As a work space for brain storming, problem solving, practice and
discussion
• For visual presentation of the course material
• To compare and contrast different theories and analyses
• To consolidate results or conclusions from discussion

9. Types of matter to be written on the Chalkboard:
• Outline of the plan for the day’s class
• New terms and definitions
• Statements of hypotheses
• Examples(names), diagrams, graphs, tables
• Formulae, equations, derivations
• Working out the solutions to problems
• Concepts and ideas that advance the discussion

10. Planning the use of chalkboard in the class
• Erase the chalkboard completely at the start of the class.
• Use zones on the board for specific purposes
For eg; Left edge of the board for the outline of the class plan
Right edge for writing brief statements of conclusions
Middle zone (large area) for developing the unknown lesson
content based on the interaction in the class
• Use zones consistently in a class and erase the matter zone wise
• Think about when you will erase a particular zone. Don’t erase a
zone if you will need the material in that zone again later
• Plan before hand when and where you will write a particular material

11. Mechanics of using the chalkboard
• Write legibly with letter size large enough to be read clearly by any
student sitting in the farthest bench in the class
• Posture important: Stand at 45 degrees to the board
As you write, students must be able to note down
Move your body, as you write
Bend at knees when writing low
• Coloured Chalks: On a green glass chalkboard, yellow chalks are
good for headings. White chalks are good for all other material.
Don’t use more than three colours
• Underlining: Underline main headings and sub headings

12. Mechanics
Rectangular boxes: Put most important conclusions, final
equation of a derivation rectangular boxes, definitions in
rectangular boxes.
Students will find it easy to understand when they refer to
the notes during revision later.
Abbreviations: use abbreviations of names only after you
introduced them in full form
Writing and explanation must go hand in hand

13. Tools for drawing shapes ,figures etc
Ruler, Compass and other devices to draw
drawings, different shapes, graphs, diagrams
etc. when necessary
Organize and practice using chalkboard in
advance
Use a pointer while discussing the chalkboard
material
Present the material simply and briefly

14. Quality of Chalks and how to use them
Dust less chalks
Holding the chalks
Enough chalks in the class room including colored ones
Quality of dusters

15. Chalkboard set-up
• Chalkboard size:
• Sliding Boards:
• Distance between Chalkboard and first row:
• Periodical painting of the board:

16. How not to use the Chalkboard
• Do not write large procedures or descriptions
• Do not write irrelevant information
• Do not over write
• Do not scribble
• Do not stand in front of the material what you just wrote
• Do not erase the material on the board too soon after you wrote