This document introduces Linux and outlines the skills required of a Linux system administrator. It describes how Linux was created as a free alternative to other operating systems and how it has grown in popularity. It also summarizes the key duties of a system administrator including maintaining system hardware, creating user accounts, and ensuring the system runs smoothly. Finally, it provides an overview of exploring and managing files on a Linux system from both the graphical and command line interfaces.
Vibrant Technologies is headquarted in Mumbai,India.We are the best Linux training provider in Navi Mumbai who provides Live Projects to students.We provide Corporate Training also.We are Best Linux classes in Mumbai according to our students and corporates
Vibrant Technologies is headquarted in Mumbai,India.We are the best Linux training provider in Navi Mumbai who provides Live Projects to students.We provide Corporate Training also.We are Best Linux classes in Mumbai according to our students and corporates
Vibrant Technologies is headquarted in Mumbai,India.We are the best Linux training provider in Navi Mumbai who provides Live Projects to students.We provide Corporate Training also.We are Best Linux classes in Mumbai according to our students and corporates
Vibrant Technologies is headquarted in Mumbai,India.We are the best Linux training provider in Navi Mumbai who provides Live Projects to students.We provide Corporate Training also.We are Best Linux classes in Mumbai according to our students and corporates.
Embedded Systems: Lecture 8: Lab 1: Building a Raspberry Pi Based WiFi APAhmed El-Arabawy
In this Lab, we go through the steps to build a WiFi Access Point using the Raspberry Pi. The Lab starts by introducing some concepts of Wireless LANs followed by step-by-step procedure to build the AP. The Lab concludes by an evaluation of the performance of the built AP
Vibrant Technologies is headquarted in Mumbai,India.We are the best Linux training provider in Navi Mumbai who provides Live Projects to students.We provide Corporate Training also.We are Best Linux classes in Mumbai according to our students and corporates
Vibrant Technologies is headquarted in Mumbai,India.We are the best Linux training provider in Navi Mumbai who provides Live Projects to students.We provide Corporate Training also.We are Best Linux classes in Mumbai according to our students and corporates
Vibrant Technologies is headquarted in Mumbai,India.We are the best Linux training provider in Navi Mumbai who provides Live Projects to students.We provide Corporate Training also.We are Best Linux classes in Mumbai according to our students and corporates
Vibrant Technologies is headquarted in Mumbai,India.We are the best Linux training provider in Navi Mumbai who provides Live Projects to students.We provide Corporate Training also.We are Best Linux classes in Mumbai according to our students and corporates.
Embedded Systems: Lecture 8: Lab 1: Building a Raspberry Pi Based WiFi APAhmed El-Arabawy
In this Lab, we go through the steps to build a WiFi Access Point using the Raspberry Pi. The Lab starts by introducing some concepts of Wireless LANs followed by step-by-step procedure to build the AP. The Lab concludes by an evaluation of the performance of the built AP
Slides for a college course at City College San Francisco. Based on "Hands-On Ethical Hacking and Network Defense, Third Edition" by Michael T. Simpson, Kent Backman, and James Corley -- ISBN: 9781285454610.
Instructor: Sam Bowne
Class website: https://samsclass.info/123/123_S17.shtml
Linux History
Design Principles
Kernel Modules
Process Management
Scheduling
Memory Management
File Systems
Input and Output
Interprocess Communication
Network Structure
Security
From Zero to Hero - Contribute to Linux Kernel in 15 MinutesGlobalLogic Ukraine
About 15600 developers from more than 1500 companies have contributed to Linux kernel since 2005. If you want to join them this detailed guide will definitely be useful.
The respective talk was held by Ruslan Bilovol (Associate Manager, Consultant, GlobalLogic) at GlobalLogic Mykolaiv Embedded TechTalk #1 on May 25, 2018.
Embedded Webinar #13: "From Zero to Hero: contribute to Linux Kernel in 15 mi...GlobalLogic Ukraine
This webinar by Ruslan Bilovol (Associate Manager, Engineering Consultant, GlobalLogic) was delivered at Embedded Community Webinar #13 on June 17, 2021.
We discussed the following topics:
- high-level review of the Linux Kernel contribution process,
- what is important and what is not in the process
- insights and best practices
- demo bug fixes and install the Linux kernel patch in Open Source
More details and video: https://www.globallogic.com/ua/about/events/embedded-community-webinar-13/
Software:
Systems and Application Software
Identify and briefly describe the functions of the two basic kinds of software
Outline the role of the operating system and identify the features of several popular operating systems
Discuss how application software can support personal, workgroup, and enterprise business objectives
Identify three basic approaches to developing application software and discuss the pros and cons of each
Outline the overall evolution and importance of programming languages and clearly differentiate among the generations of programming languages
Identify several key software issues and trends that have an impact on organizations and individuals
Slides for a college course at City College San Francisco. Based on "Hands-On Ethical Hacking and Network Defense, Third Edition" by Michael T. Simpson, Kent Backman, and James Corley -- ISBN: 9781285454610.
Instructor: Sam Bowne
Class website: https://samsclass.info/123/123_S17.shtml
Linux History
Design Principles
Kernel Modules
Process Management
Scheduling
Memory Management
File Systems
Input and Output
Interprocess Communication
Network Structure
Security
From Zero to Hero - Contribute to Linux Kernel in 15 MinutesGlobalLogic Ukraine
About 15600 developers from more than 1500 companies have contributed to Linux kernel since 2005. If you want to join them this detailed guide will definitely be useful.
The respective talk was held by Ruslan Bilovol (Associate Manager, Consultant, GlobalLogic) at GlobalLogic Mykolaiv Embedded TechTalk #1 on May 25, 2018.
Embedded Webinar #13: "From Zero to Hero: contribute to Linux Kernel in 15 mi...GlobalLogic Ukraine
This webinar by Ruslan Bilovol (Associate Manager, Engineering Consultant, GlobalLogic) was delivered at Embedded Community Webinar #13 on June 17, 2021.
We discussed the following topics:
- high-level review of the Linux Kernel contribution process,
- what is important and what is not in the process
- insights and best practices
- demo bug fixes and install the Linux kernel patch in Open Source
More details and video: https://www.globallogic.com/ua/about/events/embedded-community-webinar-13/
Software:
Systems and Application Software
Identify and briefly describe the functions of the two basic kinds of software
Outline the role of the operating system and identify the features of several popular operating systems
Discuss how application software can support personal, workgroup, and enterprise business objectives
Identify three basic approaches to developing application software and discuss the pros and cons of each
Outline the overall evolution and importance of programming languages and clearly differentiate among the generations of programming languages
Identify several key software issues and trends that have an impact on organizations and individuals
This lecture goes into basic info about Linux and the GNU Project.
Check the other Lectures and courses in
http://Linux4EnbeddedSystems.com
or Follow our Facebook Group at
- Facebook: @LinuxforEmbeddedSystems
Lecturer Profile:
Ahmed ElArabawy
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
Linux is a free and open-source operating system kernel that serves as the foundation for various Unix-like operating systems. It was initially created by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and has since become a widely used and influential component of the broader free and open-source software (FOSS) ecosystem. Here are some key aspects of Linux:
Open Source and Free Software:
Linux is distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL), which means its source code is freely available for anyone to view, modify, and distribute.
Kernel:
The Linux kernel is the core component of the operating system. It manages hardware resources, provides essential services, and facilitates communication between software and hardware.
Distributions:
Linux is often packaged with other software to create complete operating systems, known as distributions or distros. Examples include Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian, and CentOS. Each distribution may have its package management system, installation process, and default software selection.
Multiuser and Multitasking:
Linux is designed to support multiple users concurrently, allowing several users to log in and use the system simultaneously. It also supports multitasking, enabling the execution of multiple processes concurrently.
Security:
Linux is known for its robust security features. User permissions, access controls, and a strong permission model contribute to its reputation as a secure operating system. Regular security updates are released by the community to address vulnerabilities.
Command-Line Interface (CLI):
While Linux has graphical user interfaces (GUIs) available, many experienced users and administrators prefer using the command line for system administration and other tasks. The shell provides a powerful and efficient means of interacting with the system.
Stability and Reliability:
Linux is renowned for its stability and reliability. It is commonly used as the operating system for servers, where uptime and stability are critical. The ability to run for extended periods without requiring a reboot contributes to its reliability.
Community and Collaboration:
Linux development is a collaborative effort involving a large and diverse community of developers worldwide. Contributions come from individuals, companies, and organizations, fostering a spirit of collaboration and shared knowledge.
Portability:
Linux can run on a wide range of hardware architectures, from embedded systems and smartphones to desktops, servers, and supercomputers. Its adaptability contributes to its popularity across diverse computing environments.
Networking Capabilities:
Linux has robust networking capabilities, making it a preferred choice for servers and network devices. It supports a wide range of networking protocols and services.
Linux's flexibility, scalability, and community-driven development model make it a popular choice for various applications, ranging from personal computers to embedded systems and enterprise.
Adjusting primitives for graph : SHORT REPORT / NOTESSubhajit Sahu
Graph algorithms, like PageRank Compressed Sparse Row (CSR) is an adjacency-list based graph representation that is
Multiply with different modes (map)
1. Performance of sequential execution based vs OpenMP based vector multiply.
2. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector multiply.
Sum with different storage types (reduce)
1. Performance of vector element sum using float vs bfloat16 as the storage type.
Sum with different modes (reduce)
1. Performance of sequential execution based vs OpenMP based vector element sum.
2. Performance of memcpy vs in-place based CUDA based vector element sum.
3. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (memcpy).
4. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (in-place).
Sum with in-place strategies of CUDA mode (reduce)
1. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (in-place).
Learn SQL from basic queries to Advance queriesmanishkhaire30
Dive into the world of data analysis with our comprehensive guide on mastering SQL! This presentation offers a practical approach to learning SQL, focusing on real-world applications and hands-on practice. Whether you're a beginner or looking to sharpen your skills, this guide provides the tools you need to extract, analyze, and interpret data effectively.
Key Highlights:
Foundations of SQL: Understand the basics of SQL, including data retrieval, filtering, and aggregation.
Advanced Queries: Learn to craft complex queries to uncover deep insights from your data.
Data Trends and Patterns: Discover how to identify and interpret trends and patterns in your datasets.
Practical Examples: Follow step-by-step examples to apply SQL techniques in real-world scenarios.
Actionable Insights: Gain the skills to derive actionable insights that drive informed decision-making.
Join us on this journey to enhance your data analysis capabilities and unlock the full potential of SQL. Perfect for data enthusiasts, analysts, and anyone eager to harness the power of data!
#DataAnalysis #SQL #LearningSQL #DataInsights #DataScience #Analytics
Techniques to optimize the pagerank algorithm usually fall in two categories. One is to try reducing the work per iteration, and the other is to try reducing the number of iterations. These goals are often at odds with one another. Skipping computation on vertices which have already converged has the potential to save iteration time. Skipping in-identical vertices, with the same in-links, helps reduce duplicate computations and thus could help reduce iteration time. Road networks often have chains which can be short-circuited before pagerank computation to improve performance. Final ranks of chain nodes can be easily calculated. This could reduce both the iteration time, and the number of iterations. If a graph has no dangling nodes, pagerank of each strongly connected component can be computed in topological order. This could help reduce the iteration time, no. of iterations, and also enable multi-iteration concurrency in pagerank computation. The combination of all of the above methods is the STICD algorithm. [sticd] For dynamic graphs, unchanged components whose ranks are unaffected can be skipped altogether.
06-04-2024 - NYC Tech Week - Discussion on Vector Databases, Unstructured Data and AI
Discussion on Vector Databases, Unstructured Data and AI
https://www.meetup.com/unstructured-data-meetup-new-york/
This meetup is for people working in unstructured data. Speakers will come present about related topics such as vector databases, LLMs, and managing data at scale. The intended audience of this group includes roles like machine learning engineers, data scientists, data engineers, software engineers, and PMs.This meetup was formerly Milvus Meetup, and is sponsored by Zilliz maintainers of Milvus.
Levelwise PageRank with Loop-Based Dead End Handling Strategy : SHORT REPORT ...Subhajit Sahu
Abstract — Levelwise PageRank is an alternative method of PageRank computation which decomposes the input graph into a directed acyclic block-graph of strongly connected components, and processes them in topological order, one level at a time. This enables calculation for ranks in a distributed fashion without per-iteration communication, unlike the standard method where all vertices are processed in each iteration. It however comes with a precondition of the absence of dead ends in the input graph. Here, the native non-distributed performance of Levelwise PageRank was compared against Monolithic PageRank on a CPU as well as a GPU. To ensure a fair comparison, Monolithic PageRank was also performed on a graph where vertices were split by components. Results indicate that Levelwise PageRank is about as fast as Monolithic PageRank on the CPU, but quite a bit slower on the GPU. Slowdown on the GPU is likely caused by a large submission of small workloads, and expected to be non-issue when the computation is performed on massive graphs.
The Building Blocks of QuestDB, a Time Series Databasejavier ramirez
Talk Delivered at Valencia Codes Meetup 2024-06.
Traditionally, databases have treated timestamps just as another data type. However, when performing real-time analytics, timestamps should be first class citizens and we need rich time semantics to get the most out of our data. We also need to deal with ever growing datasets while keeping performant, which is as fun as it sounds.
It is no wonder time-series databases are now more popular than ever before. Join me in this session to learn about the internal architecture and building blocks of QuestDB, an open source time-series database designed for speed. We will also review a history of some of the changes we have gone over the past two years to deal with late and unordered data, non-blocking writes, read-replicas, or faster batch ingestion.
2. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 2
Objectives
• Describe how Linux was created and how it
compares to other operating systems
• List versions of Linux currently available
• Outline the skills required and challenges facing
a system administrator
• Log in and begin using a Linux system
3. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 3
Objectives (continued)
• Explore a Linux file system from the command
line
• Locate additional information about commands
you want to use or learn about
4. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 4
A Brief History
• Popular graphical computers
– Apple Macintosh
– Microsoft Windows
• Linux
– Alternative for people whose computing needs
require something different
5. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 5
Understanding Operating Systems
• Software
– Collection of instructions that control the tasks a
computer performs
– Can be changed without disassembling the
computer and rewiring
• Operating system
– Software that helps other programs control
computer hardware and interact with users
6. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 6
Understanding Operating
Systems (continued)
• Application
– Software program that provides service for
computer user
– Cannot act without “permission” from
operating system
7. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 7
Operating System Functions
• Initialize computer hardware
• Allocate system resources to programs
• Keep track of multiple programs running at same
time
• Provide organized method for all programs to use
system devices
8. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 8
Operating System Functions
(continued)
• Major operating system components:
– Kernel
– Device drivers
– Shell
– Utility programs
– Graphical user interface (GUI)
9. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 9
The UNIX Operating System
• UNIX
– Operating system
– Originally created at AT&T Bell Labs in
early 1970s
– Designed to control networked computers that
were shared by many users
– Features and low cost of Linux effectively driving
UNIX out of market
10. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 10
The Free Software Foundation
and the GNU Project
• Free software foundation (FSF)
– Software itself should not be restricted in
distribution by standard commercial license
agreement
• GNU project
– Completely free version of UNIX
– Written from scratch
11. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 11
The Free Software Foundation and
the GNU Project (continued)
• Software license
– Legal definition of who can use software and how
it can be used
• GNU general public license (GPL)
– Very different from standard commercial software
license
– Author agrees to give away source code
– Anyone is licensed to redistribute it in any form
12. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 12
The Free Software Foundation and
the GNU Project (continued)
• GNU GPL
– Any modifications to the source code must be
licensed under the GPL
– Sometimes called copyleft
– OpenSource
• Refers to software licensed under GPL
• Public domain
– No one has copyright to software
– Not same as GPL
13. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 13
Linux Arrives
• Linus Torvalds
– Decided to create UNIX-like operating system
kernel for IBM-compatible PC
– Solicited help via Internet
– Released Linux kernel under GPL
• Linux development method
– Person identifies need and begins writing program
– Developer announces project on Internet
14. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 14
Linux Arrives (continued)
• Linux development method (continued)
– Others respond and work on different parts of
project
– Person leading project releases software
– People download source code and try program;
send back information about problems
– Developers fix bugs
• Forking
– Creating new project based on existing source
code
15. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 15
Motivating Free Software
Developers
• Why would so many people devote so much
effort to something without expecting any
reward?
– Fills developer’s specific technical need
– Respect of like-minded professionals
– Sense of contribution and community
– Valuable boost to developer’s resume
16. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 16
The Strengths Of Linux
• Stability
• Security
• Speed
• Cost
• Multiprocessing and other high-end features
• Applications
17. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 17
Linux In The Market
• Linux is packaged and sold
• Red hat software
– Current market leader
18. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 18
Linux Distributions
• Linux distribution
– Productized version of Linux
• Includes operating system kernel along with other
components
• System utilities
– Related to managing Linux system
• Price
– Generally between $2 and $100
19. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 19
Linux Distributions (continued)
20. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 20
Red Hat Software
• Fedora distribution
– Free product
• Red Hat Enterprise Linux configurations
– WS (workstation)
– ES (enterprise server)
– AS (application server)
• Red Hat Enterprise Linux
– Sold as subscription service
21. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 21
Red Hat Software (continued)
• Red Hat Enterprise Linux
– Updates from Red Hat Network (RHN)
• Red Hat
– Excels in service and support offered to large
companies using Linux
22. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 22
Hardware Requirements
• Can run on very minimal hardware
• Recommend that computer have minimum of:
– 1 GB of free disk space
– 64 MB of RAM
• For Red Hat Enterprise Linux installations:
– 256 MB of RAM
– 300 MHZ CPU
– 800 MB of free disk space
23. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 23
Version Numbering
• Version numbers assigned to:
– Each release of Linux kernel
– Each component of Linux distribution
– Linux distributions
• Most users select latest available version
24. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 24
Version Numbering (continued)
• Kernel version number components
– Major version number
– Minor version number
• Even indicates production release
• Odd indicates development release
– Patch-level number
25. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 25
Linux Certification
• Industry certification programs
– Red Hat Certified Technician
– Red Hat Certified Engineer
– LPI Certification
– Linux Certified Administrator (LCA) Certification
– Linux+ Certification
– Novell Certified Linux Engineer
26. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 26
Linux Certification (continued)
• Red Hat’s certification program
– Very highly regarded
– Training program consists of three courses
27. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 27
The Work of a System
Administrator
• Linux is increasingly part of information
technology infrastructure of large organizations
• Knowledge of Linux can set you on path to a
fulfilling and profitable career
28. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 28
Careers in Linux
• System administrator
• Network administrator
• Software engineer
• Trainer
• Technical writer
• Product marketing
• Business consultant
29. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 29
The Duties of a System
Administrator
• Role
– Make technology work and continue to work for
those who do “real work” of organization
– Enable others to use technology benefits
• Responsibilities
– Create new user accounts
– Maintain system hardware
– Train end users
30. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 30
The Duties of a System
Administrator (continued)
• Responsibilities
– Keep system running smoothly
– Document system
– Define procedures and policies
– Recover from emergencies
– Plan systems
31. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 31
Ethics, Privacy, and the Law
• Working as system administrator involves many
ethical issues
• Fellow employees count on your work to do
theirs
• Best route to success comes through making
employer successful
• System administrators guild (SAGE)
– www.sage.org
32. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 32
Starting To Use Linux
• Should have access to computer with Linux
installed
33. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 33
Logging In
• Log in
– Identify yourself to operating system so that it
knows:
• You are authorized to use system
• Which parts of system to permit you to access
• User account
– Set of permissions to use system
– Has associated user name and password
34. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 34
Logging In (continued)
• Modes
– Graphical
– Text
35. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 35
Graphical Environments
• Popular desktops
– KDE desktop
– GNOME desktop
• Features
– Taskbar
– Main menu
– Desktop icons
– Multiple overlapping windows
36. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 36
Opening a Terminal Window
• Terminal window
– Resembles console
– Enter commands from keyboard
37. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 37
Exploring the File System
38. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 38
File System Concepts
• Files are organized into directories
• Names are case sensitive
• Names can be long
• Names may contain many different types of
characters
• Can include file extensions
– Not required
39. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 39
File System Concepts (continued)
• Directory relationships
– Parent directory
– Subdirectory
• Path
– List of directories
– Absolute path
– Relative path
• Linux does not have separate drives
40. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 40
File System Concepts (continued)
• Root directory
– Parent of all directories
– /
• /Usr subdirectory
– Contains the greatest number of files and
subdirectories on newly installed systems
41. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 41
Managing Files With
Graphical Utilities
• File manager
– Displays contents of a directory as collection of
icons or file names
– Manage files and directories
– Choose Browse Filesystem on main menu
• Home directory
– Subdirectory where all personal files are stored
42. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 42
Working at a Command Line
• Linux system administrators should be very
comfortable working at command line
– Much faster way to perform most tasks
– Some tasks cannot be use graphical interface
• Commands
– pwd mv slocate
– cd ls file
– mkdir cat cp
– rmdir touch
43. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 43
Working at a Command Line
(continued)
• Command-line prompt consists of:
– User name
– Name of computer at which you are working
– Last directory name in current working directory
– $ character
44. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 44
Working at a Command Line
(continued)
• Parameters
– Define what command will operate on
• Options
– Alter how command operates
• Timestamp
– Information about date and time when event
occurred
45. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 45
Finding Command Help
• Learn more details
• Explore additional Linux topics
46. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 46
Reading Linux Documentation
• Linux documentation project (LDP)
– HOWTOS
• Linux on the internet
– www.google.com
• Documentation included with software packages
– Software packages provide some documentation
– /Usr/doc
– /Usr/share/doc
47. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 47
Linux Command Information
• Man pages
– Online manual pages
– Man command
• Info page
– Definitive source of information
– Info command
48. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 48
Summary
• Operating system
– Provides interface between computer hardware
and applications run by user
• Linux offers important features, such as:
– Stability
– Speed
– Security
– Flexibility
– Low cost
49. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 49
Summary (continued)
• Several Linux certification programs are available
• Several versions of Red Hat Enterprise Linux
• Most users rely on GUI to log in and use Linux
– Text-only mode also available
• Information in Linux is stored in directories
– Begins with root directory /
50. The Complete Guide to Linux System Administration 50
Summary (continued)
• Linux files can include file extensions
– Few Linux programs rely on file extensions to
define what file contains
• Information about Linux is available online
– Part of LDP