Ch19 3 & 4 Notes
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The document discusses the growth of cottage industries and the building of the Atlantic economy in the 18th century. It describes how the putting-out system employed rural families to supplement their income by having them produce goods from home. It also discusses how British mercantilism and colonial wars led to the growth of trade networks between Britain, its colonies, and other parts of the Atlantic world. Key figures like Adam Smith challenged mercantilist ideas and argued for free trade and limited government intervention in the economy.
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The Industrial Revolution began in Europe in the 18th century and dramatically changed society and the economy. New technologies increased production, which supported Europe's growing population. Factories and machines replaced manual labor, and divisions of labor made production more efficient. These changes transformed people's way of life as they moved to cities for work. The Industrial Revolution ultimately spread across Europe and had widespread social, economic, and political impacts on the continent.
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The document provides an overview of revolutionary changes in the Atlantic world between 1750-1850. It discusses the colonial wars and fiscal crises that drove European powers to seek new sources of revenue. The Enlightenment challenged old political ideas and thinkers like Locke and Rousseau proposed new concepts of government and individual rights. The American and French Revolutions broke out in response to taxation attempts and economic struggles. Both revolutions overthrew old regimes but established new republican systems of government.
Assign 2 ways of world
The document summarizes key events in the end of colonial empires after World War 2. Decolonization occurred in three waves: first was independence movements in Asia, followed by independence in Africa as nationalist movements grew. Finally, Portugal's empire collapsed in 1974-75 after a military coup. Decolonization led to new independent states but also instability as borders were drawn without regard for ethnic groups.
Ways of the world
The document summarizes key events from Chapters 17-24 of the book Ways of the World. It discusses the American and French Revolutions in Chapter 17 that led to declarations of independence and rights of citizens. It also discusses the industrialization of Europe, Britain, the US, Russia, and Latin America in Chapter 18. Chapter 19 covers China's century of crisis due to opium imports and wars with Britain, as well as the decline of the Ottoman Empire. Chapters 20-24 discuss the spread of Western education and religion in colonies, the rise of fascism in Europe, communist revolutions in Russia and China, independence movements in Africa and Asia, and increased globalization after World War 2.
The european moment
The document summarizes key events and impacts of European colonialism between the 15th-early 20th centuries. It discusses how Europeans conquered and divided lands in Africa, Asia, the Americas, and Oceania for economic and political gain. Colonies were exploited for resources and labor through practices like forced crops, land seizures, and wage labor. This caused social changes like the rise of cash economies and Christian missionary activity. Cultural identities also shifted as colonized peoples developed new senses of nationality, religion, and race in response to colonial rule. By 1900, Europeans had transformed local economies and societies to serve global markets and colonial governance.
The european moment
The document summarizes several key events and impacts of European colonialism between the 15th-early 20th centuries:
1) Europeans conquered and colonized much of Asia, Africa, the Americas, and Oceania through military force and exploitation of natural resources, imposing their rule over local populations.
2) Colonial economies transformed local industries and labor, focusing on cash crops and mining for European markets and forcing many into wage labor under harsh conditions.
3) European rule and Christian missionaries significantly changed local cultures and identities as colonized peoples were classified by race and religion in relation to their colonial rulers. Some resisted through rebellions while others adopted Western education and religious conversion.
4) By the early
Smith 2
The document summarizes Adam Smith's theory of economic development and the influence of his ideas. Smith argued that economies will grow when the government establishes property rights, promotes free trade, and practices laissez-faire policies. He believed individuals pursuing self-interest would indirectly promote general prosperity through increased productivity, division of labor, investment, and trade. While influential, some historians challenge Smith's assessment that China's government policies held back its economy compared to Europe.
Part5 and6pptx
Emily Davison was a British suffragette activist who died after stepping in front of the King's horse during a race in 1913. Her intentions are debated, but she died from injuries sustained in the accident. The Haitian Revolution from 1791-1804 saw slaves overthrow French colonial rule and establish an independent state. The Industrial Revolution transformed Britain into the world's first industrialized society in the late 18th century, bringing both economic growth and hardship for workers. European powers used "science" in the 19th century to justify racial hierarchies that placed whites above non-whites.
The ways of the world
Ways of the World Presentation on the themes of the text book Ways of the World for History 5 at Saddleback College
His 102 chapter 22 - imperialism and colonialism 1870-1914
The document provides an overview of European imperialism between 1870-1914. It discusses the expansion of European colonial empires through formal colonialism in places like India, China, and Africa. New imperialist strategies involved establishing colonial governments, dividing territories into European spheres of influence, and justifying expansion through ideas of racial and cultural superiority. By 1900, Europe had colonized around 1/4 of the world's lands. Rising tensions between imperial powers led to conflicts over territory in Africa and Asia at the turn of the 20th century.
Ways of the world presentation
The document summarizes several chapters that discuss key historical events from 1775-1994:
- The North American Revolution and establishment of the US as an independent nation from British rule.
- The abolition of slavery throughout the world from 1780-1890 due to Enlightenment thinkers criticizing slavery and religious groups voicing opposition.
- The beginnings of feminist movements in the 19th century challenging ideas of women's inferiority.
- The end of apartheid in South Africa in 1994 after decades of racial segregation policies and the rise of the African National Congress movement.
Ways of the world presentation
The document summarizes several chapters about historical events between the 18th and early 20th centuries:
- Chapter 17 discusses the North American Revolution, abolition of slavery, and early feminist movements in the late 18th/19th centuries.
- Chapter 18 covers the rise of the industrial working class in Britain and social protests/unionization.
- Chapter 19 summarizes Western imperialism in China through the Opium Wars, and modernization reforms in 19th century Japan.
- Chapter 20 briefly discusses the impacts of Western education and religion in colonized societies.
Ways of the world presentation
The document summarizes several chapters that discuss key historical events from 1775-1994:
- The North American Revolution and establishment of the US as an independent nation from British rule.
- The abolition of slavery throughout the world from 1780-1890 due to Enlightenment thinkers criticizing it and religious groups voicing opposition.
- The beginnings of feminist movements in the 19th century challenging ideas of women's inferiority.
- The experiences of the working class during the Industrial Revolution and rise of labor protests.
- The spread of communism in the 20th century across one third of the world's population, led by the USSR and China.
- The end of apartheid in South Africa
Ways of the world part 1 & 2
The document provides summaries of chapters 17-20 from the textbook "Ways of the World". It covers topics including the Haitian Revolution, abolition of slavery, feminist movements, the Industrial Revolution, colonial rule and cash crop agriculture, Western education, and the effects of the Industrial Revolution in Europe and China's crisis. Key events and ideas from each chapter are briefly summarized in point form.
Lesson 2 - Nineteenth_Century_as_Rizal’s_Context.pptx
This document provides an overview of influential historical events that shaped the 19th century, including:
- The Bourbon Reforms in Spain and their effects in the Philippines like promoting agriculture and administrative reforms.
- The American and French Revolutions gave rise to nationalism and the idea that loyalty is to one's nation rather than the king.
- The Industrial Revolution began in England and spread, transforming manufacturing through machines.
- Western imperialism spread ideas and knowledge but also relied on force to conquer other nations.
Home4 Why Europe and not China1. Why does Landes think that Chi.docx
Home4 Why Europe and not China?
1. Why does Landes think that China would not have developed an industrial revolution on its own? (Landes 2006 “Why Europe and the West? Why not China?” is posted on file)
2. Why does he think that China failed to learn new technologies from Europeans in the period after 1500?
3. In Landes’ view, what did Europe have that China lacked? That is, what did Europe have that permitted it to have an industrial revolution?
4. What does Pomeranz say about the factors that Landes identifies as the crucial features of European society that permitted it to have an industrial revolution? Why does he say that these features did not matter?
5. What does Pomeranz think are the crucial factors that enabled Europe to have an industrial revolution?
Note: You can learn about Pomeranz’s ideas from Marks, pp 104-118.(Already posted it on file)
required that all goods be transported in their ships, and forced European
New World colonists to trade only with the mother country, even if
smuggling made such a policy somewhat porous. Mercantilist ideas also
led to policies that states should use their own raw materials to
manufacture within their own borders anything that was imported, an
action we saw the English take in the early 1700s to keep Indian cotton
textiles out. Although mercantilist policies did indeed lead to the
establishment of industries in European states, industrialization itself was
not the object: keeping gold and silver from flowing out of the state and
enriching others was. European states were obsessed with their silver
stocks: ‘‘the more silver, the stronger the state’’ was how a German once
put it.40
In these inter-European wars, the fates and fortunes of various states
rose and fell. As we have already seen, by the end of the sixteenth century,
Spain’s power had begun to wane, and Portugal proved to be too small to
mount much of a challenge to the French (or Spanish) in Europe, or to the
Dutch in Asian waters. The Dutch, being among the first Europeans to
apply vast amounts of capital to their trading enterprises in both Asia and
the Americas, saw their fortunes peak in the seventeenth century, just as
the French and the British were gaining power. Ultimately, though, the
Dutch did not have the manpower to build a standing army sufficiently
large to counter the French, and they ultimately allied with the British to
offset French power on the continent. By the eighteenth century, Britain
and France had emerged from the seventeenth-century crisis as the two
most powerful and competitive European states. (See map 3.1.)
The Seven Years’ War, 1756–1763
As the strongest and most successful European states, England and France
competed not just in Europe but in the Americas and Asia as well. In the
‘‘long’’ eighteenth century from 1689 to 1815, Britain and France fought
five wars, only one of which Britain did not initiate. Their engagement
(with others) in the War of Spanish Succession was ended by the 1713
Tr ...
the political and economical situation of Britain in 18th century
In this presentation we are going to know how was Britain in the 18th century in economic and political terms
Chapter 23 Part II
The rise of industrialization in Europe from 1750-1914 led to massive social and economic changes. Britain was the first to industrialize due to its coal deposits, iron ore, and colonies that provided raw materials. The factory system exploited workers, leading to poor living conditions in urban areas. Over time, socialism, unions, and government reforms improved conditions for workers. Industrialization spread across Europe and led nations to compete economically and militarily through imperialism and colonialism.
Similar to Ch19 3 & 4 Notes (20)
His 102 chapter 22 - imperialism and colonialism 1870-1914
His 102 chapter 22 - imperialism and colonialism 1870-1914
Lesson 2 - Nineteenth_Century_as_Rizal’s_Context.pptx
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Home4 Why Europe and not China1. Why does Landes think that Chi.docx
Home4 Why Europe and not China1. Why does Landes think that Chi.docx
the political and economical situation of Britain in 18th century
the political and economical situation of Britain in 18th century
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The document summarizes the decline of communism in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union in the late 1980s and early 1990s. It describes Mikhail Gorbachev's reforms of perestroika and glasnost in the Soviet Union in the 1980s. It also discusses the rise of the Solidarity movement in Poland led by Lech Wałęsa and the non-violent revolutions that swept across Eastern Europe in 1989, ultimately leading to the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Soviet Eastern Europe
After World War 2, Stalin imposed rigid control over Eastern Europe, exporting his totalitarian policies and forcing obedience from Communist parties. While the Soviet Union recovered economically under Stalin's five-year plans focusing on heavy industry, Eastern Europe saw slow development. After Stalin's death in 1953, Khrushchev denounced Stalin's cult of personality and pursued de-Stalinization, improving living standards and allowing some freedoms. However, conservatives opposed the reforms as a threat to the Communist system. De-Stalinization also caused revolts in Eastern Europe in 1956, which the Soviet Union suppressed by force. Khrushchev was eventually ousted in 1964 due to his erratic foreign policy and the conservatives' desire to return to Stalinist control.
The Western Renaissance
After World War 2, Western Europe faced immense challenges of physical devastation, economic crisis, and population displacement. However, new leaders prioritized reforms and cooperation. The Marshall Plan aided recovery through the OEEC. Led by West Germany, economic miracles took hold in the 1960s as barriers dropped and markets integrated. Democratic republics were established as Christian Democrats pushed economic unity through organizations like the EEC and ECSC, though political unity faced nationalism. Decolonization reduced European power and brought independence struggles.
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This document summarizes the division of Europe after World War 2 and the onset of the Cold War. It discusses how the West dealt with boundaries and the causes of the Cold War. Specifically, it mentions that Truman cut off aid to Russia due to Stalin's insistence on communist governments in Eastern Europe. The Marshall Plan and NATO were responses to the perceived threat from Stalin exporting revolution. NATO was formed in 1949 as a military alliance against the Soviet Union, while the Soviets formed the Warsaw Pact. The spread of communism to China and North Korea's invasion of South Korea further exacerbated Cold War tensions.
Hitler And Nazism In Germany (1921 1945)
1) Hitler rose to power in Germany amid economic turmoil following WWI and gained popularity by blaming Jews and promising to restore Germany to greatness.
2) After becoming Chancellor in 1933, Hitler quickly consolidated power and established a fascist dictatorship, banning opposing political parties and persecuting Jews and others.
3) Under Hitler, Germany became a totalitarian state as he controlled all aspects of society and suppressed intellectual and political freedom.
The Great Depression
The Great Depression began with the 1929 stock market crash in the United States and spread worldwide. Mass unemployment rose as production decreased without consumers to buy goods, creating a vicious cycle. Governments struggled to respond effectively. Roosevelt enacted the New Deal in the US, including the NRA to regulate prices and wages, and the WPA to employ many. Scandinavia used deficit spending on public works to create jobs. Britain recovered by 1937 as it focused on its national market, while political instability prevented recovery in France.
Modern Art & Music
Modern art and architecture in the early 20th century rejected ornamentation in favor of clean, functional lines inspired by new technologies. Movements like the Bauhaus school and architects like Le Corbusier emphasized efficiency over decoration. In music, composers like Stravinsky and Schoenberg abandoned traditional harmony and tonality. Movies and radio also became popular new forms of mass entertainment and propaganda during this period of social and technological change following World War 1.
Uncertainty In Modern Thought (1918 1939)
Nietzsche, Bergson, and Sorel challenged beliefs in progress and rationality prior to WWI. After the war, thinkers like Paul Valery expressed a "terrible uncertainty" as physics and psychology revealed a non-rational universe. Existentialism stressed individual action could overcome meaninglessness, while Christian thinkers like Kierkegaard emphasized faith over reason. Literature also reflected new ideas, using stream-of-consciousness to show complexity and irrationality of the human mind.
The Russian Revolution Of 1917 1924
The Russian Revolution of 1917-1920 overthrew the imperial monarchy and established Soviet rule. The tsarist government was weak and unable to effectively mobilize resources for World War I, contributing to public discontent. Mass protests in early 1917 led the tsar to abdicate, replacing him with a provisional government. Lenin and the Bolsheviks then seized power in October 1917, establishing the world's first communist state. A civil war ensued as the Bolsheviks consolidated power and defeated opposing White forces by 1921.
World War I
1) The document discusses the causes and events of World War 1, including the breakdown of Bismarck's system of alliances that had previously maintained peace in Europe.
2) The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand sparked the war, as tensions had been rising due to nationalism, militarism, imperialism, and an interconnected system of alliances.
3) The war quickly resulted in bloody trench warfare on the Western Front, with millions of casualties and little territorial gain over four years, before the United States entry into the war in 1917 helped tip the balance in favor of the Allies.
Western Imperialism V2008
1. European nations scrambled for political and economic control over foreign nations in the late 19th century, sparking a new wave of imperialism in Africa and Asia.
2. At the Berlin Conference in 1884-1885, European powers established rules for colonizing African territories that required effective military occupation to claim land.
3. Cecil Rhodes was a British businessman and politician who expanded British control over southern Africa and profited greatly from its natural resources.
The West And The World – Imperialism V2008
1) By 1970, a large gap had developed between developed countries like those in Europe and North America versus third world countries. This was due to the industrialization and technological advances of Western nations that allowed them to exploit resources and markets in other parts of the world.
2) In the late 19th century, European countries expanded their colonial holdings globally through military and economic power. Britain had the largest empire, controlling territories in North America, India, Australia and Africa.
3) European nations invested capital abroad starting in 1840, mostly in infrastructure projects in countries like the US, Canada, Latin America which enabled further settlement and control of native populations.
Marxism And The Socialist Movement
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The Responsive National State, 1871 1914
1) Several European nations established social reforms and expanded voting rights in response to rising nationalism and the socialist threat of revolution.
2) In Germany, Bismarck enacted social security laws to prevent the spread of socialism and conciliated liberals while targeting Catholics in the Kulturkampf.
3) In France, moderate republicans established free public education to spread republican ideals and undermine the Catholic Church's influence, while the Dreyfus Affair increased tensions between republicans and Catholics.
Mc Kay Ch25 Sections 1 & 2
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2) Bismarck provoked Austria into the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 and secured victory, expelling Austria from German affairs.
3) Bismarck then defeated France in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71, allowing him to complete German unification under Prussian leadership and creating a unified German state led by Prussia.
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The document summarizes changes in family structure, gender roles, and child-rearing in 19th century Europe, as well as major scientific and intellectual developments. Families adapted to urban life, with working-class couples selecting partners based on romance rather than economics. Gender roles became more rigidly separated, though women gained control of the household. Attitudes toward children grew more affectionate. Major scientific theories like Darwin's evolution and discoveries in fields like chemistry brought prestige to science. Writers like Emile Zola captured life "as it really was" through literary realism.
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2) Liberal reforms in Britain including the Reform Bill of 1832 expanding voting rights and the repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846 establishing free trade.
3) The July Revolution of 1830 in France which overthrew King Charles X and brought Louis Philippe to power, though he did little for reform.
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The Congress of Vienna in 1815 aimed to restore the balance of power in Europe after Napoleon's defeat. The key representatives of Austria, Britain, Russia and Prussia made territorial concessions but their conflicting demands threatened this balance. Metternich of Austria established a policy of intervention and repression against liberalism through the Holy Alliance and Carlsbad Decrees. He advocated conservatism and the combination of monarchy, bureaucracy and aristocracy to control nationalist aspirations and preserve the Austrian Empire, made up of many ethnic groups.
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