This document discusses the hybridization and geometry of carbon atoms in acetylene and polyacetylene, writes the balanced equation for forming polyacetylene from acetylene, calculates the mass of polyacetylene that can be made from 5 L of acetylene gas, and predicts whether the polymerization reaction is endothermic or exothermic using bond enthalpies.
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Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024
Ch12 sample exercise
1. Sample Exercise 12.1 Qualitative Comparison of Semiconductor Band Gaps Will GaP have a larger or smaller band gap than ZnS? Will it have a larger or smaller band gap than GaN? Solution Analyze: The size of the band gap depends upon the vertical and horizontal positions of the elements in the periodic table. The band gap will increase when either of the following conditions is met: (1) The elements are located higher up in the periodic table, where enhanced orbital overlap leads to a larger splitting between bonding and antibonding orbitals: or (2) The horizontal separation between the elements increases, which leads to an increase in the electronegativity difference and the bond polarity. Plan: We must look at the periodic table and compare the relative positions of the elements in each case. Solve: Gallium is in the fourth period and group 3A. Its electron configuration is [Ar]3 d 10 4 s 2 4 p 1 . Phosphorus is in the third period and group 5A. Its electron configuration is [Ne]3 s 2 3 p 3 . Zinc and sulfur are in the same periods as gallium and phosphorus, respectively. However, zinc, in group 2B, is one element to the left of gallium and sulfur in group 5A, is one element to the right of phosphorus. Thus we would expect the electronegativity difference to be larger for ZnS, which should result in ZnS having a larger band gap than GaP. For both GaP and GaN the more electropositive element is gallium. So we need only compare the positions of the more electronegative elements, P and N. Nitrogen is located above phosphorus in group 5A. Therefore, based on increased orbital overlap, we would expect GaN to have a larger band gap than GaP. Additionally, nitrogen is more electronegative than phosphorus, which also should result in a larger band gap for GaP. Check: Looking in Table 12.2 we see that the band gap of GaP is 2.26 eV. ZnS and GaN are not listed in the table, but external references show the band gaps for these compounds to be 3.6 eV for ZnS and 3.4 eV for GaN.
2. Sample Exercise 12.1 Qualitative Comparison of Semiconductor Band Gaps Will ZnSe have a larger or smaller band gap than ZnS? Answer: Because zinc is common to both compounds and selenium is below sulfur in the periodic table, the band gap of ZnSe will be smaller than ZnS. Practice Exercise
3. Sample Exercise 12.2 Identifying Types of Semiconductors Which of the following elements, if doped into silicon, would yield an n-type semiconductor? Ga; As; C. Suggest an element that could be used to dope silicon to yield a p-type material. Answer: Because Si is in group 4A, we need to pick an element in group 3A. Boron and aluminum are both good choices—both are in group 3A. In the semiconductor industry boron and aluminum are commonly used dopants for silicon. Practice Exercise Solution Analyze: An n-type semiconductor means that the dopant atoms must have more valence electrons than the host material. Silicon is the host material in this case. Plan: We must look at the periodic table and determine the number of valence electrons associated with Si, Ga, As, and C. The elements with more valence electrons than silicon are the ones that will produce an n-type material upon doping. Solve: Si is in column 4A, and so has four valence electrons. Ga is in column 3A, and so has three valence electrons. As is in column 5A, and so has five valence electrons; C is in column 4A, and so has four valence electrons. Therefore, As, if doped into silicon, would yield an n-type semiconductor.
4. Sample Exercise 12.3 Designing a LED Green light-emitting diodes can be made from a solid solution of GaP and AlP. These two compounds have band gaps that are 2.26 eV and 2.43 eV, respectively. If we assume that the band gap of a Ga 1- x Al x P solid solution varies linearly from GaP to AlP, what composition would be needed for the emitted light to have a wavelength of 520 nm? Solution Analyze: The wavelength of the emitted light has an energy that is nearly equal to the band gap of the semiconductor. The band gap depends upon the composition. Plan: First we must convert the desired wavelength of emitted light, 520 nm, to an energy in eV. Next we must estimate the value of x that gives a band gap of this size. Solve: The wavelength of light can be determined from Equation 6.3: The band gap changes linearly from 2.26 eV for GaP to 2.43 for AlP. Therefore, we can estimate the band gap of any composition in the Ga 1- x Al x P solid solution from the following expression:
5. Sample Exercise 12.3 Designing a LED If we assume that the band gap of an In 1- x Ga x N solid solution varies linearly from InN (2.4 eV) to GaN (3.4 eV), what composition would be needed for the emitted light to have a wavelength of 410 nm? Answer: The emitted light has an energy of 3.02 eV (485 × 10 –19 J). Therefore, the composition of the semiconductor should be In 0.37 Ga 0.63 N. Practice Exercise Solution (continued) We can solve for x by rearranging the equation and inserting the desired value of the band gap: Thus, the desired composition would be Ga 0.29 Al 0.71 P.
6. Sample Exercise 12.4 The Stoichiometry of Cross-Linking If we assume four sulfur atoms per cross-link connection, what mass of sulfur per gram of isoprene, C 5 H 8 , is required to establish a cross-link as illustrated in Figure 12.28 with 5% of the isoprene units in rubber? How would you expect the properties of vulcanized rubber to vary as the percentage of sulfur increases? Explain. Answer: The rubber would be harder and less flexible as the percentage of sulfur increases because of an increased degree of cross-linking, which covalently bonds the polymer chains together. Practice Exercise Solution Analyze: We are asked to calculate the mass of sulfur required per gram of isoprene. Plan: We need to evaluate the ratio of sulfur atoms to isoprene units based on Figure 12.15, then scale the required mass of sulfur to take account of the 5% cross-linking. Solve: We can see from the figure that each cross-link involves eight sulfur atoms for every two isoprene units; this means that the ratio of S to C 5 H 8 is four. Thus, with 5% (0.05) of the isoprene units cross-linked, we have
7. Sample Exercise 12.5 Properties of Liquid Crystals Solution Analyze: We have three molecules of differing molecular structure, and we are asked to determine whether any of them is likely to be a liquid crystalline substance. Plan: We need to identify the structural features of each case that might induce liquid crystalline behavior. Solve: Molecule (i) is not likely to be liquid crystalline because it does not have a long axial structure. Molecule (iii) is ionic; the generally high melting points of ionic materials and the absence of a characteristic long axis make it unlikely that this substance will exhibit liquid crystalline behavior. Molecule (ii) possesses the characteristic long axis and the kinds of structural features that are often seen in liquid crystals (Figure 12.39). Which of the following substances is most likely to exhibit liquid crystalline behavior?
8. Sample Exercise 12.5 Properties of Liquid Crystals Suggest a reason why the following molecule, decane, does not exhibit liquid crystalline behavior: CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 Answer: Because rotation can occur about carbon–carbon single bonds, molecules whose backbone consists predominantly of C—C single bonds are too flexible; the molecules tend to coil in random ways and thus are not rodlike. Practice Exercise
9. Sample Integrative Exercise Putting Concepts Together Solution Analyze: For part (a), we need to recall what we have learned about sp , sp 2 , and sp 3 hybridization and geometry. (Section 9.5) For part (b), we need to write a balanced equation. For part (c), we need to use the ideal-gas equation. (Section 10.4) For part (d), we need to recall the definitions of endothermic and exothermic, and how bond enthalpies can be used to predict overall reaction enthalpies. (Section 8.8) A conducting polymer is a polymer that can conduct electricity. Some polymers can be made semiconducting; others can be nearly metallic. Polyacetylene is an example of a polymer that is a semiconductor. It can also be doped to increase its conductivity. Polyacetylene is made from acetylene in a reaction that looks simple but is actually tricky to do: (a) What is the hybridization of the carbon atoms, and the geometry around those atoms, in acetylene and in polyacetylene? (b) Write a balanced equation to make polyacetylene from acetylene. (c) Acetylene is a gas at room temperature and pressure (298 K, 1.00 atm). How many grams of polyacetylene can you make from a 5.00-L vessel of acetylene gas at room temperature and room pressure? Assume acetylene behaves ideally, and that the polymerization reaction occurs with 100% yield. (d) Using the average bond enthalpies in Table 8.4, predict whether the formation of polyacetylene from acetylene is endothermic or exothermic.
10. Sample Integrative Exercise Putting Concepts Together Solution (continued) Plan: For part (a), we should draw out the chemical structures of the reactant and product. For part (b), we need to make sure the equation is properly balanced. For part (c), we need to convert from liters of gas to moles of gas, using the ideal-gas equation ( PV = nRT ); then we need to convert from moles of acetylene gas to moles of polyacetylene using the answer from part (b); then, we can convert to grams of polyacetylene. For part (d), we need to recall that Δ H rxn = ∑ (bond enthalpies of bonds broken) – ∑ (bond enthalpies of bonds formed). Solve: (a) Carbon always forms four bonds. Thus, each C atom must have a single bond to H and a triple bond to the other C atom in acetylene. As a result, each C atom has two electron domains and must be sp hybridized. This sp hybridization also means that the H—C—C angles in acetylene are 180°, and the molecule is linear. We can write out the partial structure of polyacetylene as follows: Each carbon is identical but now has three bonding electron domains that surround it. Therefore, the hybridization of each carbon atom is sp 2 , and each carbon has local trigonal planar geometry, with 120° angles. (b) We can write:
11. Sample Integrative Exercise Putting Concepts Together Solution (continued) Note that all atoms originally present in acetylene end up in the polyacetylene product. (c) We can use the ideal-gas equation as follows: Acetylene has a molar mass of 26.0 g/mol; therefore, the mass of 0.204 mol is Because Δ H is a negative number, the reaction releases heat, and is exothermic.