The document discusses the different types of sentences, including simple, complex, compound, and compound-complex sentences. It also describes parts of speech such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and conjunctions. Finally, it outlines some common grammar problems like subject-verb agreement, active and passive voice, and proper use of punctuation marks.

1. Grammar
Sentences
•Contain a subject and verb
•Express a complete thought
•Four types:
•simple
•complex
•compound
•compound-complex

2. Johann ran to the barn.
What type of sentence is this?

3. Johann ran to the barn.
What type of sentence is this?
It’s a simple sentence.

4. Johann ran to the barn.
What type of sentence is this?
Is it the same as an independent clause?
It’s a simple sentence.

5. Julián ran for president after the mid-
term elections were over.
What type of sentence is this?

6. Julián ran for president after the mid-
term elections were over.
What type of sentence is this?
It’s a complex sentence.

7. Julián ran for president after the mid-
term elections were over.
What type of sentence is this?
Identify the independent and dependent clauses.
It’s a complex sentence.

8. Julián ran for president after the mid-
term elections were over.
What type of sentence is this?
Identify the independent and dependent clauses.
It’s a complex sentence.
Independent

9. Julián ran for president after the mid-
term elections were over.
What type of sentence is this?
Identify the independent and dependent clauses.
It’s a complex sentence.
Independent
Dependent

10. Joanna ran up the hill, but
she walked back down.
What type of sentence is this?

11. Joanna ran up the hill, but
she walked back down.
What type of sentence is this?
It’s a compound sentence.

12. Joanna ran up the hill, but
she walked back down.
What type of sentence is this?
How many independent clause does it have?
It’s a compound sentence.

13. Joanna ran up the hill, but
she walked back down.
What type of sentence is this?
How many independent clause does it have?
Does it have any dependent clause?
It’s a compound sentence.

14. Joanna ran up the hill, but
she walked back down.
Independent
Independent
What type of sentence is this?
How many independent clause does it have?
Does it have any dependent clause?
It’s a compound sentence.

15. Jayda ran to her class after the
thunderstorm had stopped, but she
walked back.
What type of sentence is this?

16. Jayda ran to her class after the
thunderstorm had stopped, but she
walked back.
What type of sentence is this?
It’s a compound-complex sentence.

17. Jayda ran to her class after the
thunderstorm had stopped, but she
walked back.
What type of sentence is this?
Identify the independent and dependent clauses?
It’s a compound-complex sentence.

18. Jayda ran to her class after the
thunderstorm had stopped, but she
walked back.
What type of sentence is this?
Identify the independent and dependent clauses?
It’s a compound-complex sentence.
Independent

19. Jayda ran to her class after the
thunderstorm had stopped, but she
walked back.
What type of sentence is this?
Identify the independent and dependent clauses?
It’s a compound-complex sentence.
Independent
Dependent

20. Jayda ran to her class after the
thunderstorm had stopped, but she
walked back.
What type of sentence is this?
Identify the independent and dependent clauses?
It’s a compound-complex sentence.
Independent
Dependent Independent

21. Grammar
Parts of Speech
•Nouns: names of objects/concepts
•Pronouns: substitute for nouns
•Adjectives: modify nouns
•Adverbs: modify verbs/adj/adv
•Verbs: express action
•Conjunctions: connect
•Prepositions: modify nouns,
pronouns, verbs (in, at, from…)
•Interjections: express emotion

22. Conjunction Junction
Schoolhouse Rock, 1973

23. Lolly, Lolly, Lolly, Get Your Adverbs Here
Schoolhouse Rock, 1974

24. Grammar Problems
Agreement:
Subject/Verb
•The dancer performs in the ballet.
•The dancers perform in the ballet.
Noun/Pronoun
•The girl believed she could pass the test.
•The girls believed they could pass the
test.

25. Grammar Problems
Active and Passive Voice:
The subject as the doer (active)
•The children ate ice cream.
•The boys flew a kite.
Throwing the action onto the object
(passive)
•Ice cream was eaten by the children.
•A kite was flown by the boy
•Active voice preferred

26. Grammar Problems
Appositive Phrases and Commas:
They rename a noun
Nonrestrictive appositives are set off by commas
• The runner, an Olympic champion,
signed autographs.
• The student, an avid reader, enjoys
science fiction.
Restrictive appositives are not set off by commas
• My college professor Dr. Smith is retiring.
• Her son Ben is a budding artist.

27. Grammar Problems
That and Which; Who and Whom:
Which introduces nonessential clauses
• My favorite restaurant, which I ate at last
week, is closed for the holiday.
• My car, which has new tires, is ready for
our summer vacation.
That introduces essential clauses
• I stayed at the same hotel that I always
stay at when vacationing at the beach.
• I ordered the same meal that I ate the last
time that I dined out.

28. Grammar Problems
‘Who’ is the subject of a sentence, clause, or
phrase:
• Who is the man in the black coat?
• Who wore a black coat and carried
an umbrella?
• The man in the black coat, who is my brother,
appreciated the introduction.
‘Whom' is the object of a verb or preposition
• Whom do you wish to teach?
• To whom will you teach today?

29. Grammar Problems
Apostrophe Used to Form Possessives:
Words that don’t end in an s
•the baby’s bottle
•the toddler’s toy
Words that end in an s
•the athletes’ field
•the ballplayers’ equipment
(One of you’re teachers pet peeve’s)

30. What are the different
punctuation marks?
Comma,
Semicolon;
Colon:
Period.
Question Mark?
Exclamation Mark!
Apostrophe’

31. USE THOSE COMMAS!

32. Punctuation
After running ten miles he needed water
She bought milk eggs juice and bread
The weather is cool and the leaves are
falling from the trees

33. Punctuation
After running ten miles, he needed water.
She bought milk eggs juice and bread
The weather is cool and the leaves are
falling from the trees

34. Punctuation
After running ten miles, he needed water.
She bought milk, eggs, juice, and bread.
The weather is cool and the leaves are
falling from the trees

35. Punctuation
After running ten miles, he needed water.
She bought milk, eggs, juice, and bread.
The weather is cool, and the leaves are
falling from the trees.

36. Punctuation
He loved ice cream his wife loved pie
Attending the meeting were Jane Smith
the salesperson John Doe the marketing
director and Bob Brown the writer
Sally baked the following cookies for the
party oatmeal chocolate chip and sugar
The race had two winners Dan and Mike
crossed the finish line at the same time

37. Punctuation
He loved ice cream; his wife loved pie.
Attending the meeting were Jane Smith
the salesperson John Doe the marketing
director and Bob Brown the writer
Sally baked the following cookies for the
party oatmeal chocolate chip and sugar
The race had two winners Dan and Mike
crossed the finish line at the same time

38. Punctuation
He loved ice cream; his wife loved pie.
Attending the meeting were Jane Smith,
the salesperson; John Doe, the marketing
director; and Bob Brown, the writer.
Sally baked the following cookies for the
party oatmeal chocolate chip and sugar
The race had two winners Dan and Mike
crossed the finish line at the same time

39. Punctuation
He loved ice cream; his wife loved pie.
Attending the meeting were Jane Smith,
the salesperson; John Doe, the marketing
director; and Bob Brown, the writer.
Sally baked the following cookies for the
party: oatmeal, chocolate chip, and sugar.
The race had two winners Dan and Mike
crossed the finish line at the same time

40. Punctuation
He loved ice cream; his wife loved pie.
Attending the meeting were Jane Smith,
the salesperson; John Doe, the marketing
director; and Bob Brown, the writer.
Sally baked the following cookies for the
party: oatmeal, chocolate chip, and sugar.
The race had two winners: Dan and Mike
crossed the finish line at the same time.

41. Grammar Problems
Dangling Participles:
Participle phrases at the beginning of a
sentence
•Correct: After eating too much food, I
had a stomachache.
•Incorrect: After eating too much food,
my stomach ached.