Ch. 11 polydipsia
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Polydipsia, or excessive thirst, can be caused by conditions like diabetes and dehydration. Treatments depend on the underlying cause but may include insulin, antibiotics, and medications to control thirst. Growth hormone (GH), also called somatropin, is secreted by the pituitary gland and stimulates growth and cell regeneration. Too much GH can cause benign pituitary tumors, while too little GH in children causes short stature and in adults leads to obesity and low energy.
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Ch. 11 polydipsia
Polydipsia, or excessive thirst, can be caused by conditions like diabetes and dehydration. Treatments depend on the underlying cause but may include insulin, antibiotics, and medications to control thirst. Growth hormone (GH), also called somatropin, is secreted by the pituitary gland and stimulates growth and cell reproduction. Too much GH can cause benign pituitary tumors, while too little GH in children causes short stature and in adults leads to obesity and loss of muscle mass.
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The endocrine system works with other body systems to regulate functions using hormones from glands. Glycosuria occurs when the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin to uptake glucose, leading to high blood sugar levels and sugar in the urine. Polydipsia, or excessive thirst, results from polyuria where the kidneys produce large amounts of urine to remove excess sugar, becoming dehydrated. Both glycosuria and polydipsia can be symptoms of diabetes where blood sugar regulation is impaired.
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Ch. 11 polydipsia
Polydipsia, or excessive thirst, can be caused by conditions like diabetes and dehydration. Treatments depend on the underlying cause but may include insulin, antibiotics, and medications to control thirst. Growth hormone (GH), also called somatropin, is secreted by the pituitary gland and stimulates growth and cell reproduction. Too much GH can cause benign pituitary tumors, while too little GH in children causes short stature and in adults leads to obesity and loss of muscle mass.
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The endocrine system works with other body systems to regulate functions using hormones from glands. Glycosuria occurs when the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin to uptake glucose, leading to high blood sugar levels and sugar in the urine. Polydipsia, or excessive thirst, results from polyuria where the kidneys produce large amounts of urine to remove excess sugar, becoming dehydrated. Both glycosuria and polydipsia can be symptoms of diabetes where blood sugar regulation is impaired.
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Polydipsia is defined as excessive thirst and is often a symptom of diabetes, though it can also be caused by zinc deficiency or mental health issues like schizophrenia. Polyuria means excessive urine and frequently occurs alongside polydipsia, though one symptom can present without the other. Both polydipsia and polyuria are common initial symptoms of diabetes, but polyuria can also be caused by hyperthyroidism, hypokalemia, corticosteroid use, acromegaly, migraines, or UTIs.
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1. Polyuria is defined as urine output greater than 5 ml/kg/hr or 2 L/m2/day. Causes include increased fluid intake, increased urinary solute excretion, and impaired urinary concentration.
2. Evaluation of polyuria involves obtaining a detailed history, clinical examination, and investigations including a 24-hour urine output measurement and urine and serum analysis.
3. Distinguishing between central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus involves tests like the water deprivation test and vasopressin response test.
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2. Somatostatin is released by hypothalamic neurons and inhibits the release of growth hormone from the adenohypophysis.
3. Oxytocin causes secretion of milk by the mammary glands and uterine contractions.
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1. Polyuria is defined as urine output greater than 5 ml/kg/hr or 2 L/m2/day. Causes include increased fluid intake, increased urinary solute excretion, and impaired urinary concentration.
2. Evaluation of polyuria involves obtaining a detailed history, clinical examination, and investigations including a 24-hour urine output measurement and urine and serum analysis.
3. Distinguishing between central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus involves tests like the water deprivation test and vasopressin response test.
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Diabetes insipidus is caused by a lack of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, which is normally released by the pituitary gland. ADH helps regulate water balance in the body by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys. Two case studies are presented: a young male diagnosed with a brain tumor after initially being treated for psychogenic polydipsia, and an older female found to have a craniopharyngioma after presenting with severe polydipsia and polyuria. Investigations including blood tests, imaging, and water deprivation tests can help diagnose the underlying cause, and treatment involves replacing ADH with desmopressin.
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Mercurius is named after the roman god mercurius, the god of trade and science. The planet mercurius is named after the same god. Mercurius is sometimes called hydrargyrum, means ‘watery silver’. Its shine and colour are very similar to silver, but mercury is a fluid at room temperatures. The name quick silver is a translation of hydrargyrum, where the word quick describes its tendency to scatter away in all directions.
The droplets have a tendency to conglomerate to one big mass, but on being shaken they fall apart into countless little droplets again. It is used to ignite explosives, like mercury fulminate, the explosive character is one of its general themes.
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Ch. 11 polydipsia
- 1. Polydipsia Excessive thirst or abnormal water intake. A common cause is diabetes, it is one of the initial symptoms. Fever, dehydration, sickle cell anemia are a few other reasons for polydipsia. Polydipsia, can also happen if there is anticholinergic poisoning.
- 2. Polydipsia Treatments Depending on the cause of polydipsia, there are many treatments that can help: Insulin – hormone that helps regulate carbohydrates & fat, Antibiotics – powerful medicines that fight bacterial infections, Desmopressin – controls excessive thirst, Corticosteroids – steroid hormones that help with stress, inflammation, immune response.
- 4. It stimulates growth, cell reproduction and regeneration in humans and animals.
- 6. Too much somatropin Excessive amounts of somatropin can cause pituitary tumors known as somatroph adenomas and are benign. Adenomas can cause headaches, impair vision, deficiencies in other pituitary hormones. Thickens jaw bones, finger and toes. Surgery is the treatment for removal of the tumors.
- 7. Too little somatropin Growth hormone deficiency varies by age. In children there can be growth failure or short stature which can include genetic conditions and congenital malformations. In adults include truncal obesity with a decrease in muscle mass, decreased energy and quality of life.