Diet in hypo & hyper thyroidism

1. Diets in Thyroidism
BY:
AADARSHA SINGH
AMIT CHAUDHARY
5TH SEM

2. Contents:
Thyroid gland
Biological functions of thyroid hormones
Hypothyroidism- type, causes, sign & symptom, 7 days diet chart
- avoid foods
Hyperthyroidism- causes, sign & symptom, one day diet chart
- avoid foods

3. The thyroid Gland
• The thyroid is a butterfly shaped gland
located in front of the neck and just
above the trachea.
• A fully developed human thyroid has two
lobes and is connected by a thin band of
tissue, the isthmus.
• Anatomically and embryologically, thyroid
gland is two in one; the follicular cells
produce thyroid hormones, and the
parafollicular cells (or C) cells secrete
calcitonin, a hormone that helps regulate
the amount of calcium in your blood.

4. Biological functions of thyroid hormones
 Thyroid hormone is necessary for the CNS development in the fetus,
children and people of all age,
 It increases the consumption of O₂ in the tissues (by increasing the activity
of cycling of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase by increasing the consumption of ATP and
also its synthesis), and there by increasing the membrane transport.
 It affects ETC, and hence the oxidative phosphorylation i.e.
mitochondrial metabolism,
 It affects the carbohydrate, protein, cholesterol and TGs metabolism,
 It increases the uptake of vitamins Vit.C , Vit.B12 etc.
 Thyroid hormone affects the Calcium and phosphorus metabolism,
 Thyroid hormone increases the sensitivity to catecholamines and
henceforth increasing the myocardial contraction,
 Thyroid hormones increases the BMR etc.

5.  Thyroid dysfunction is a major public health problem among the Nepalease
population . It has been estimated that 0.2% of the deaths in Nepal result
from endocrine disorders, among which Iodine deficiency has been a major
cause.
 According to the WHO, greater than 190 million suffer from iodine deficiency
disorders .

6. Hypothyroidism
 It is a common disorder in which the thyroid gland can not produce enough
hormones to meet the body’s demand.
 It is divided into three types – primary, secondary and tertiary .

7. Type of hypothyroidism
 Primary hypothyroidism:- Thyroid gland isn’t able
to produce enough thyroid hormones for your body to
function properly. This means that your thyroid itself is
the source of the problem.
 secondary hypothyroidism :-
failure of the pituitary gland to
secrete thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).
 Tertiary hypothyroidism:-
Due to failure of hypothalamus to produce
T.R.H

8. CAUSES
 Congenital defect of the thyroid,
 Defective in hormone synthesis,
 Iodine deficiency,
 Surgery and radiation therapy,
 Chronic inflammatory disease of thyroid gland.

9. Sign and Symptom
 Extreme fatigue
 Hair loss
 Brittle nails
 Dry skin
 Numbness and tingling of the fingers
 Voice may become husky
 Loss of libido

10. Diet for Hypothyroidism
Sunday
Monday
 Breakfast – pudding
 Lunch – sandwich with bread
 Dinner–Mixed vegetables with brown rice and eggs
 Snack – Carrot sticks
 Breakfast – 1 Large Banana
 Lunch – Baked salmon with yogurt sauce
 Dinner – chicken and steamed sweet potatoes
 Snacks – Roasted mushrooms

11. Tuesday
 Breakfast –toast and eggs
 Lunch – Mixed salad made with carrots, celery,
bell peppers, cucumber, corn, beans, cheese
 Dinner – pasta
 Snack – nuts
Wednesday
Breakfast – sandwich with bread
 Lunch – Pumpkin soup
 Dinner – Chicken salad
 Snack – 1 large banana

12. Thrusday
 Breakfast – eggs
 Lunch – Sweet potato salad
 Dinner – Chicken soup
 Snack – Cherries and raspberries
Friday
 Breakfast – Sweet potato with eggs
and cheese
 Lunch – Chicken
 Dinner – Lemon and garlic salmon
 Snacks – Cucumber sticks with
cheese

13. Saturday
 Breakfast – omlette and vegetables
 Lunch – chicken salad with nuts
 Dinner – dinner stuffed with smoked
salmon and low-fat cream cheese
 Snacks – 1 or 2 ripe kiwi

15. 7 Foods Should Avoid in a Hypothyroidism Diet
1.Soy Products- Soy beans and soy products such as soy milk, tofu, soy chunks, etc should be
completely avoided in a hypothyroidism diet.
2. Cruciferous Vegetables- Cruciferous vegetables such as cauliflower, cabbage, broccoli, Brussels
sprouts, kale, etc are goiterogens that have a negative impact on thyroid function.

16. Continue…
3. Gluten Foods- People suffering from hypothyroidism should also minimize their
intake of gluten. Gluten is a type of protein that is found in wheat, barley, rye and
other grains.
4. Refined Sugar and Sugary Foods- slows down metabolism which makes it difficult
to burn calories. Sugar and sugary foods such as cakes, pastries, ice creams, soda, and
beagles further disrupt the hormonal balance that is required for metabolism.

17. Continue…
5. Processed Foods- Processed foods usually have a high amount of sodium in them and this is
extremely harmful for people with hypothyroidism.
6. Refined Carbohydrates- Foods made from refined flour or all-purpose flour and white rice are
the main sources of refined carbohydrates.
7.Alcohol- alcohol consumption can have a serious negative effect on people suffering from thyroid
disorders

18. Top 6 natural hypothyroidism remedies
1.Iodine (150-300 mcg daily)
2.Selenium (200 mcg daily) - necessary for the production of the T3 thyroid hormone
3.L-Tyrosine (500 mg 2X daily)- an amino acid used in the synthesis of thyroid hormone
4.Fish oil (1000 mg daily)- Essential fatty acids found in fish oil are critical for thyroid function.
5.Vitamin B-Complex (one b-complex capsule daily)- neurologic function and hormonal balance
6.Probiotic supplement (50 billion CFU per serving)- probiotic can help heal the gut and aid in
nutritient absorption while reducing inflammation

19. 3 Important Tips for Following a
Hypothyroidism Diet
 Focus on Anti-Inflammatory Foods- Anti-inflammatory foods such as leafy greens, fatty fish,
nuts and olive oil
 Eat Small and Frequent Meals- An underactive thyroid slows down the digestive function in
the body therefore, eating heavy meals rich puts excess pressure on the digestive system
 Maintain a Food Diary: If you are struggling with your weight and don’t seem to lose weight
even after eating healthy then it’s time to maintain a record of each and everything you eat
and drink throughout the day.

20. Hyperthyroidism
 Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) is a condition in which your thyroid gland produces too
much of the hormone thyroxine. It can accelerate the body's metabolism significantly, causing
sudden weight loss, a rapid or irregular heartbeat, sweating, and nervousness or irritability.
Symptoms:
 Sudden weight loss, even when your appetite and the amount and type of food you eat
remain the same or even increase
 Rapid heartbeat (tachycardia) — commonly more than 100 beats a minute — irregular
heartbeat (arrhythmia) or pounding of your heart (palpitations)
 Increased appetite
 Nervousness, anxiety and irritability
 Tremor — usually a fine trembling in your hands and fingers
 Sweating
 Changes in menstrual patterns
 Increased sensitivity to heat

21.  Changes in bowel patterns, especially more frequent bowel movements
 An enlarged thyroid gland (goiter), which may appear as a swelling at
the base of your neck
 Fatigue, muscle weakness
 Difficulty sleeping
 Skin thinning
 Fine, brittle hair
Older adults are more likely to have either no signs or symptoms or subtle
ones, such as an increased heart rate, heat intolerance and a tendency to
become tired during ordinary activities. Medications called beta blockers,
which are used to treat high blood pressure and other conditions, can
mask many of the signs of hyperthyroidism.

22. Possible causes of Hyperthyroidism
 A number of conditions, including Graves' disease, toxic adenoma,
Plummer's disease (toxic multinodular goiter) and thyroiditis, can cause
hyperthyroidism.
Graves' disease
Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies produced
by the immune system stimulate the thyroid to produce too much T4, is
the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. Normally, the immune
system uses antibodies to protect against viruses, bacteria and other
foreign substances. In Graves' disease, antibodies mistakenly attack the
thyroid and occasionally attack the tissue behind the eyes (Graves'
ophthalmopathy) and the skin, often in lower legs over the shins (Graves'
dermopathy).

23. Hyper functioning thyroid nodules (toxic adenoma, toxic multinodular goiter, Plummer's
disease)
This form of hyperthyroidism occurs when one or more adenomas of the thyroid produce too
much T4. An adenoma is a part of the gland that has walled itself off from the rest of the gland,
forming noncancerous (benign) lumps that may cause an enlargement of the thyroid. Not all
adenomas produce excess T4, and researchers aren't sure what causes some to begin
too much hormone.
Thyroiditis
Sometimes the thyroid gland can become inflamed for unknown reasons. The inflammation can
cause excess thyroid hormone stored in the gland to leak into the bloodstream. One rare type
thyroiditis, known as subacute granulomatous thyroiditis, causes pain in the thyroid gland.
types are painless and may sometimes occur after pregnancy (postpartum thyroiditis).

24. Diets in Hyperthyroidism
 A hyperthyroid diet should contain a
variety of healthy foods from all vital
food groups, including fruits and
vegetables, whole grains, lean protein
sources and healthy fats.
 Antioxidant-rich fruits and vegetables,
which include berries, cherries, kiwi,
citrus fruits, red plums, tomatoes,
spinach, kale, bell peppers and winter
squash.
 Omega-3 fatty acids, found in salmon,
tuna, sardines, flaxseed and walnuts, can
enhance the immune system function
and minimize inflammation.
 Consumption of protein-rich foods, such
as fish, legumes, dairy products and
poultry, for improved blood sugar and
mood balance.
 Additional healthy fat sources include
seeds, nuts, canola oil and olive oil
which are rich in essential fatty acids.

25. What is lean and red meat?
 Lean meat is lighter in color,
 It comes from poultry and contains
less fat than red meat,
 It has lower number of calories.
 It is heavier and deep red in color,
 It has abundance of nutrients,
 It has more fat content and is a
source of protein for muscle
building.

26. Foods to avoid in Hyperthyroidism
 Avoid refined foods, such as enriched
breads, pasta, cereals and sweets,
 Unhealthy fat sources, such as
saturated fats and trans fats, foods
and beverages rich in saturated fat
including red meat, poultry fat,
processed meats, whole milk, egg
yolks, butter and fried foods are to
be avoided.
 Trans fats, particularly damaging to
the heart-health, are prevalent in
margarine, shortening and
commercially prepared foods that list
hydrogenated vegetable oil as an
ingredient.
 Caffeine; alcohol; and added sugars,
such as cane sugar, brown sugar,
brown rice syrup, honey and corn
syrup, may also exacerbate the
body’s condition.

27. Diet plan of Hyperthyroidism for a
Day
Breakfast Mid-morning Lunch Mid- Evening meal Evening
Porridge or
muesli,
skimmed milk,
2 slices of
granary bread,
toasted with
peanut butter,
and 200ml fruit
juice.
Plain biscuits,
Item fruit,
Water
consumption.
Sandwiches:
Granary bread
with chicken,
Mixed Salad,
Handful nuts,
Cereal bar,
Low fat/low
sugar yoghurt.
Plain biscuits,
Item fruit,
Water
consumption.
Chicken breast,
Fish, lean meat,
Rice, Potatoes,
Sweet potato,
Fibrous
vegetable,
natural juice,
plain yoghurt.
High fiber
breakfast
cereal,
Skimmed milk,
2 slices of
granary bread,
peanut butter,
and water
consumption.

28. Thank you