Cervical spondylitis is a degenerative condition of the cervical spine caused by age-related wear and tear that leads to stiffness and neck pain. It involves the deterioration of intervertebral discs and vertebrae in the neck. Symptoms include chronic or intermittent neck pain and stiffness that may radiate to the shoulders, arms, and hands. Diagnosis involves physical examination and imaging tests like x-rays and MRI. Treatment includes medications, physiotherapy, exercise, ergonomic changes, and sometimes surgery.
Cervical spondylosis is a degenerative condition affecting the bones and discs in the neck. It usually appears in people over age 40 and progresses with age. Common symptoms include neck pain and stiffness that worsens over time and may radiate to the shoulders and arms. Treatment focuses on relieving pain and preventing injury, and may include neck braces, exercises, medication, injections, or surgery for severe cases. Risk factors include aging and previous neck injuries.
Sciatica is pain that radiates from the lower back down the back of the thigh and leg. It is caused by irritation or compression of the sciatic nerve, which can occur due to herniated discs, spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, or other causes like tumors or infections. Symptoms include pain that is worsened by certain movements and activities, numbness, and difficulty walking. Diagnosis involves physical examination including straight leg raise testing and neurological evaluation, as well as imaging like MRI or CT scan. Treatment options include medications, physiotherapy, surgery such as laminectomy or removal of bone compressing the nerve.
The document discusses the history and anatomy of lumbar disc disease. Key points include:
1) Aurelianus in the 5th century described symptoms of sciatica and Andreas Vesalius in 1543 first described the intervertebral disc.
2) Mixter and Barr in 1934 described disc herniation as the cause of sciatica.
3) The lumbar spine has intervertebral discs that can prolapse and press on nerve roots, commonly occurring posterolaterally at L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels.
The document describes two patients with lumbar spinal stenosis who were treated with non-surgical approaches. Both patients presented with low back pain and leg pain that worsened with walking. They underwent physical therapy evaluations including questionnaires, examinations, and treadmill tests. Physical therapy focused on exercises to improve strength, flexibility, and walking tolerance without worsening pain. Non-surgical treatments were aimed at reducing pain and disability from lumbar spinal stenosis.
Low back pain is a common condition affecting the lumbar region of the back. It has many potential causes, including muscle strains, injuries to bones or discs, and underlying medical conditions. Diagnosis involves taking a history and conducting a physical exam. Common tests used to evaluate low back pain include x-rays, MRI, and CT scans. Treatment focuses on pain relief through medications, physical therapy, exercise, and in severe cases, surgery. Proper posture and lifting techniques can help prevent low back pain.
Cervical spondylosis is a degenerative condition affecting the bones and discs in the neck. It usually appears in people over age 40 and progresses with age. Common symptoms include neck pain and stiffness that worsens over time and may radiate to the shoulders and arms. Treatment focuses on relieving pain and preventing injury, and may include neck braces, exercises, medication, injections, or surgery for severe cases. Risk factors include aging and previous neck injuries.
Sciatica is pain that radiates from the lower back down the back of the thigh and leg. It is caused by irritation or compression of the sciatic nerve, which can occur due to herniated discs, spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, or other causes like tumors or infections. Symptoms include pain that is worsened by certain movements and activities, numbness, and difficulty walking. Diagnosis involves physical examination including straight leg raise testing and neurological evaluation, as well as imaging like MRI or CT scan. Treatment options include medications, physiotherapy, surgery such as laminectomy or removal of bone compressing the nerve.
The document discusses the history and anatomy of lumbar disc disease. Key points include:
1) Aurelianus in the 5th century described symptoms of sciatica and Andreas Vesalius in 1543 first described the intervertebral disc.
2) Mixter and Barr in 1934 described disc herniation as the cause of sciatica.
3) The lumbar spine has intervertebral discs that can prolapse and press on nerve roots, commonly occurring posterolaterally at L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels.
The document describes two patients with lumbar spinal stenosis who were treated with non-surgical approaches. Both patients presented with low back pain and leg pain that worsened with walking. They underwent physical therapy evaluations including questionnaires, examinations, and treadmill tests. Physical therapy focused on exercises to improve strength, flexibility, and walking tolerance without worsening pain. Non-surgical treatments were aimed at reducing pain and disability from lumbar spinal stenosis.
Low back pain is a common condition affecting the lumbar region of the back. It has many potential causes, including muscle strains, injuries to bones or discs, and underlying medical conditions. Diagnosis involves taking a history and conducting a physical exam. Common tests used to evaluate low back pain include x-rays, MRI, and CT scans. Treatment focuses on pain relief through medications, physical therapy, exercise, and in severe cases, surgery. Proper posture and lifting techniques can help prevent low back pain.
Pott's disease, or tuberculosis of the spine, is a form of extrapulmonary TB that affects the bones and discs of the spine. It spreads hematogenously from the lungs and infects two or more adjacent vertebrae. This can lead to vertebral collapse, kyphosis, and spinal damage. Symptoms include back pain and limited spinal movement. Diagnosis involves blood tests, x-rays showing vertebral destruction, and biopsy. Treatment is with anti-TB drugs to eliminate the infection along with pain management and occasionally surgery. Physiotherapy can help strengthen muscles and reduce pain but does not treat the underlying disease. Prognosis depends on successful treatment of the TB infection to prevent recurrence.
Spondylolisthesis is the forward slippage of one vertebra over another and most commonly occurs between L4-L5 or L5-S1. It can be caused by developmental abnormalities, stress fractures of the pars interarticularis, degeneration of the disc and facets, trauma or tumors. Symptoms include lower back pain and sciatica. Conservative treatment involves rest and bracing while surgery is indicated for progressive, high grade or neurologically compressive slips. Surgical options include fusion with or without instrumentation to reduce the slip and decompress the nerves.
1. The document discusses degenerative disc disease, which describes the natural breakdown of an intervertebral disc in the spine. As discs degenerate, they lose water and proteoglycan content, collagen fibers become distorted, and tears can occur, resulting in decreased disc height, impaired mobility, and pain.
2. Degenerative disc changes include disc bulges, annular tears (concentric, radial, transverse), and herniations (protruded, extruded, intravertebral). Herniations involve the displacement of disc material beyond the disc space.
3. MRI is the best method for diagnosing degenerative disc conditions. Management includes therapeutic exercises and medical treatment.
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by breakdown of cartilage and bone changes. It most commonly affects weight-bearing joints like the hips and knees. Risk factors include obesity, joint injury, genetics, and age. Symptoms include joint pain, stiffness, swelling, and decreased range of motion. Diagnosis is made based on clinical features and confirmed with x-rays showing cartilage loss, bone spurs, and bone changes. Treatment focuses on education, exercises, braces, medications, and sometimes surgery to relieve symptoms and improve function.
Ankylosing spondylitis is a form of chronic arthritis that primarily affects the spine. It causes inflammation and stiffness of the spinal joints and surrounding tissues, which can eventually lead to a complete fusion of the spinal bones. The condition is strongly associated with the HLA-B27 genetic marker and tends to develop early, between ages 18-30. While the exact cause is unknown, genetics and immune system factors like tumor necrosis factor are thought to play a role. There is no cure, but treatments can help reduce symptoms, slow the progression, and manage pain.
The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of lumbar intervertebral discs. It describes the normal structure and composition of discs, including the nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus, and endplates. Discs receive little blood supply and rely on diffusion for nutrition. With aging, discs undergo degeneration as proteoglycan content decreases, collagen content increases, and matrix turnover declines. This makes discs more prone to injuries like herniations and less able to function as effective shock absorbers.
Tennis elbow, also known as lateral epicondylitis, is a tendinopathy of the extensor tendons of the forearm caused by repetitive strain from activities like tennis or manual labor. It presents as lateral elbow pain that is exacerbated by wrist extension movements. While the name suggests it is caused by tennis, 95% of cases occur in non-tennis players engaged in repetitive arm motions. Treatment begins conservatively with rest, ice, braces, and physical therapy, while corticosteroid injections provide temporary pain relief. Surgery is considered if conservative measures fail after 6-12 months.
This document discusses cervical spondylosis and its management. It begins with the anatomy of the cervical spine and describes the intervertebral discs and muscles. It then covers the biomechanics, epidemiology, etiology, clinical manifestations, investigations, differential diagnosis, and management including medical, surgical, and physiotherapy approaches. The goals of physiotherapy treatment are to relieve pain, improve neck movement and posture, and decrease reliance on pain medications. Exercises and modalities like heat, cold, traction, and electrical stimulation are used.
The document provides information about spondylosis, a degenerative disorder of the spine. It defines spondylosis as general wear and tear that occurs in the joints and bones of the spine with age. Over 85% of people over age 60 are affected. Spondylosis causes loss of normal spinal shape and function and can affect the cervical, thoracic, or lumbar regions. Non-surgical treatments include soft collars, physiotherapy like heat/cold therapy and electrical stimulation, and medications like acetaminophen and NSAIDs. Surgery is reserved for severe cases not relieved by other treatments.
Lumbar spondylosis- Diagnosis | management | a brief medical study martinshaji
Lumbar spondylosis is a degenerative condition which affects the lower spine. In a patient with lumbar spondylosis, the spine is compressed by a narrowing of the space between the vertebrae, causing a variety of health problems ranging from back pain tone urological problems.
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Spondylosis is a degenerative condition affecting the spine that occurs with aging. It involves the wearing down of cartilage and bones in the vertebrae. This can cause pain, stiffness, and loss of mobility. Risk factors include aging, repetitive strain, smoking, genetics, and injury. Symptoms may include joint pain, swelling, and muscle spasms. Treatment options include medications, physical therapy such as heat/cold therapy, electrical stimulation and exercises, and in severe cases surgery. Studies show exercise and manual therapies like manipulation can help relieve symptoms.
Olecranon bursitis is an inflammation of the bursa located over the point of the elbow. It can be caused by direct trauma, repetitive rubbing on hard surfaces, or underlying conditions like gout or rheumatoid arthritis. Acute cases present as a tender, fluid-filled swelling while chronic cases appear as a painless swelling. Treatment involves rest, ice, compression, and anti-inflammatory medications. Septic bursitis requires antibiotics while surgery may be needed for cases that do not improve with conservative care.
This document discusses several diseases that affect the spinal cord, including poliomyelitis, syringomyelia, tabes dorsalis, multiple sclerosis, and spinal cord cancer. Poliomyelitis is caused by a viral infection that attacks motor neurons, causing flaccid paralysis. Syringomyelia involves a cavity in the spinal cord that can lead to loss of pain and temperature sensation. Tabes dorsalis is a degenerative disorder of the sensory nerve roots often seen in syphilis cases. Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease causing demyelination in the brain and spinal cord. Spinal cord cancer can be intradural, intramedullary, or extradural tumors, and treatment involves
1. The document discusses the anatomy, physiology, and clinical presentation of herniated intervertebral discs. It describes the composition and functions of the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus.
2. Signs and symptoms of herniated discs vary depending on location but commonly include back pain radiating into the buttock and leg. Physical examination involves testing for limited range of motion and tenderness as well as straight leg raise.
3. Diagnosis involves assessing patient history, symptoms on physical exam, and sometimes imaging tests. Herniated discs most often occur in the lumbar spine and can impinge on lumbar or sacral nerve roots.
Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is an inflammation condition of the shoulder characterized by progressive pain and stiffness leading to loss of motion. It affects 2-5% of the population between ages 40-65, more commonly in women. The condition involves three stages - a freezing phase with pain and loss of motion, a frozen phase with more stiffness, and a thawing phase where motion gradually returns over 1-3 years. Diagnosis is based on the clinical presentation of pain and reduced range of motion on physical exam. Treatment involves physical therapy, injections, medications and possibly surgery if conservative treatments fail to provide relief after 4 months.
Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis is a condition where one vertebra slips over the one below due to degenerative changes in the spine. It commonly occurs at the L4-L5 level and is associated with low back and leg pain. Non-surgical treatment options include bracing, flexion exercises to strengthen the spine, stabilization exercises, and epidural steroid injections, with the goal of reducing pain and improving function. Surgical intervention is considered if non-surgical options fail to provide relief from persistent or progressive pain and neurological symptoms.
An intervertebral disc prolapse occurs when a tear in the outer ring of an intervertebral disc allows the inner nucleus pulposus to bulge out. The document discusses the anatomy and functions of intervertebral discs, causes and types of disc prolapses, symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatment options including medications, physical therapy, injections, and various surgical procedures. Nursing care focuses on preoperative teaching, postoperative monitoring for complications, managing pain, and providing education on mobility restrictions and home care.
This document provides tips for improving teenage posture. It defines good posture as maintaining the natural curves of the back and identifies 5 benefits: improved breathing, concentration, appearance, confidence, and avoidance of health issues. It then lists 10 tips for improving posture, such as using reminders, eliminating bad habits, choosing a good chair, and strengthening exercises. The overall message is that maintaining good posture provides physical and mental benefits.
Punctuality is the characteristic of being able to complete a required task or fulfill an obligation before or at a previously designated time. "Punctual" is often used synonymously with "on time". It is also acceptable that punctual can also, be related to talking about grammar, mean "to be accurate".
Pott's disease, or tuberculosis of the spine, is a form of extrapulmonary TB that affects the bones and discs of the spine. It spreads hematogenously from the lungs and infects two or more adjacent vertebrae. This can lead to vertebral collapse, kyphosis, and spinal damage. Symptoms include back pain and limited spinal movement. Diagnosis involves blood tests, x-rays showing vertebral destruction, and biopsy. Treatment is with anti-TB drugs to eliminate the infection along with pain management and occasionally surgery. Physiotherapy can help strengthen muscles and reduce pain but does not treat the underlying disease. Prognosis depends on successful treatment of the TB infection to prevent recurrence.
Spondylolisthesis is the forward slippage of one vertebra over another and most commonly occurs between L4-L5 or L5-S1. It can be caused by developmental abnormalities, stress fractures of the pars interarticularis, degeneration of the disc and facets, trauma or tumors. Symptoms include lower back pain and sciatica. Conservative treatment involves rest and bracing while surgery is indicated for progressive, high grade or neurologically compressive slips. Surgical options include fusion with or without instrumentation to reduce the slip and decompress the nerves.
1. The document discusses degenerative disc disease, which describes the natural breakdown of an intervertebral disc in the spine. As discs degenerate, they lose water and proteoglycan content, collagen fibers become distorted, and tears can occur, resulting in decreased disc height, impaired mobility, and pain.
2. Degenerative disc changes include disc bulges, annular tears (concentric, radial, transverse), and herniations (protruded, extruded, intravertebral). Herniations involve the displacement of disc material beyond the disc space.
3. MRI is the best method for diagnosing degenerative disc conditions. Management includes therapeutic exercises and medical treatment.
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by breakdown of cartilage and bone changes. It most commonly affects weight-bearing joints like the hips and knees. Risk factors include obesity, joint injury, genetics, and age. Symptoms include joint pain, stiffness, swelling, and decreased range of motion. Diagnosis is made based on clinical features and confirmed with x-rays showing cartilage loss, bone spurs, and bone changes. Treatment focuses on education, exercises, braces, medications, and sometimes surgery to relieve symptoms and improve function.
Ankylosing spondylitis is a form of chronic arthritis that primarily affects the spine. It causes inflammation and stiffness of the spinal joints and surrounding tissues, which can eventually lead to a complete fusion of the spinal bones. The condition is strongly associated with the HLA-B27 genetic marker and tends to develop early, between ages 18-30. While the exact cause is unknown, genetics and immune system factors like tumor necrosis factor are thought to play a role. There is no cure, but treatments can help reduce symptoms, slow the progression, and manage pain.
The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of lumbar intervertebral discs. It describes the normal structure and composition of discs, including the nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus, and endplates. Discs receive little blood supply and rely on diffusion for nutrition. With aging, discs undergo degeneration as proteoglycan content decreases, collagen content increases, and matrix turnover declines. This makes discs more prone to injuries like herniations and less able to function as effective shock absorbers.
Tennis elbow, also known as lateral epicondylitis, is a tendinopathy of the extensor tendons of the forearm caused by repetitive strain from activities like tennis or manual labor. It presents as lateral elbow pain that is exacerbated by wrist extension movements. While the name suggests it is caused by tennis, 95% of cases occur in non-tennis players engaged in repetitive arm motions. Treatment begins conservatively with rest, ice, braces, and physical therapy, while corticosteroid injections provide temporary pain relief. Surgery is considered if conservative measures fail after 6-12 months.
This document discusses cervical spondylosis and its management. It begins with the anatomy of the cervical spine and describes the intervertebral discs and muscles. It then covers the biomechanics, epidemiology, etiology, clinical manifestations, investigations, differential diagnosis, and management including medical, surgical, and physiotherapy approaches. The goals of physiotherapy treatment are to relieve pain, improve neck movement and posture, and decrease reliance on pain medications. Exercises and modalities like heat, cold, traction, and electrical stimulation are used.
The document provides information about spondylosis, a degenerative disorder of the spine. It defines spondylosis as general wear and tear that occurs in the joints and bones of the spine with age. Over 85% of people over age 60 are affected. Spondylosis causes loss of normal spinal shape and function and can affect the cervical, thoracic, or lumbar regions. Non-surgical treatments include soft collars, physiotherapy like heat/cold therapy and electrical stimulation, and medications like acetaminophen and NSAIDs. Surgery is reserved for severe cases not relieved by other treatments.
Lumbar spondylosis- Diagnosis | management | a brief medical study martinshaji
Lumbar spondylosis is a degenerative condition which affects the lower spine. In a patient with lumbar spondylosis, the spine is compressed by a narrowing of the space between the vertebrae, causing a variety of health problems ranging from back pain tone urological problems.
please comment
thank you
Spondylosis is a degenerative condition affecting the spine that occurs with aging. It involves the wearing down of cartilage and bones in the vertebrae. This can cause pain, stiffness, and loss of mobility. Risk factors include aging, repetitive strain, smoking, genetics, and injury. Symptoms may include joint pain, swelling, and muscle spasms. Treatment options include medications, physical therapy such as heat/cold therapy, electrical stimulation and exercises, and in severe cases surgery. Studies show exercise and manual therapies like manipulation can help relieve symptoms.
Olecranon bursitis is an inflammation of the bursa located over the point of the elbow. It can be caused by direct trauma, repetitive rubbing on hard surfaces, or underlying conditions like gout or rheumatoid arthritis. Acute cases present as a tender, fluid-filled swelling while chronic cases appear as a painless swelling. Treatment involves rest, ice, compression, and anti-inflammatory medications. Septic bursitis requires antibiotics while surgery may be needed for cases that do not improve with conservative care.
This document discusses several diseases that affect the spinal cord, including poliomyelitis, syringomyelia, tabes dorsalis, multiple sclerosis, and spinal cord cancer. Poliomyelitis is caused by a viral infection that attacks motor neurons, causing flaccid paralysis. Syringomyelia involves a cavity in the spinal cord that can lead to loss of pain and temperature sensation. Tabes dorsalis is a degenerative disorder of the sensory nerve roots often seen in syphilis cases. Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease causing demyelination in the brain and spinal cord. Spinal cord cancer can be intradural, intramedullary, or extradural tumors, and treatment involves
1. The document discusses the anatomy, physiology, and clinical presentation of herniated intervertebral discs. It describes the composition and functions of the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus.
2. Signs and symptoms of herniated discs vary depending on location but commonly include back pain radiating into the buttock and leg. Physical examination involves testing for limited range of motion and tenderness as well as straight leg raise.
3. Diagnosis involves assessing patient history, symptoms on physical exam, and sometimes imaging tests. Herniated discs most often occur in the lumbar spine and can impinge on lumbar or sacral nerve roots.
Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is an inflammation condition of the shoulder characterized by progressive pain and stiffness leading to loss of motion. It affects 2-5% of the population between ages 40-65, more commonly in women. The condition involves three stages - a freezing phase with pain and loss of motion, a frozen phase with more stiffness, and a thawing phase where motion gradually returns over 1-3 years. Diagnosis is based on the clinical presentation of pain and reduced range of motion on physical exam. Treatment involves physical therapy, injections, medications and possibly surgery if conservative treatments fail to provide relief after 4 months.
Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis is a condition where one vertebra slips over the one below due to degenerative changes in the spine. It commonly occurs at the L4-L5 level and is associated with low back and leg pain. Non-surgical treatment options include bracing, flexion exercises to strengthen the spine, stabilization exercises, and epidural steroid injections, with the goal of reducing pain and improving function. Surgical intervention is considered if non-surgical options fail to provide relief from persistent or progressive pain and neurological symptoms.
An intervertebral disc prolapse occurs when a tear in the outer ring of an intervertebral disc allows the inner nucleus pulposus to bulge out. The document discusses the anatomy and functions of intervertebral discs, causes and types of disc prolapses, symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatment options including medications, physical therapy, injections, and various surgical procedures. Nursing care focuses on preoperative teaching, postoperative monitoring for complications, managing pain, and providing education on mobility restrictions and home care.
This document provides tips for improving teenage posture. It defines good posture as maintaining the natural curves of the back and identifies 5 benefits: improved breathing, concentration, appearance, confidence, and avoidance of health issues. It then lists 10 tips for improving posture, such as using reminders, eliminating bad habits, choosing a good chair, and strengthening exercises. The overall message is that maintaining good posture provides physical and mental benefits.
Punctuality is the characteristic of being able to complete a required task or fulfill an obligation before or at a previously designated time. "Punctual" is often used synonymously with "on time". It is also acceptable that punctual can also, be related to talking about grammar, mean "to be accurate".
Dear Missionaries,
These are the life lessons I taught while in Japan. Many of you have asked for them. Hopefully, you will find them helpful. Pres. Albrecht
To be punctual, keep accurate time by setting clocks ahead, wake up early and avoid snoozing by placing alarms out of reach, and plan ahead using an agenda book to schedule activities and choose outfits the night before while having backup transportation plans. Being organized is also important for punctuality by getting items ready in advance so you're not rushing, as being late can lead to missed opportunities or needing to provide explanations for tardiness according to two quotes on valuing and making the most of time.
Punctuality refers to completing tasks or obligations by a previously designated time. It is an important characteristic for success as students, businessmen, and others must observe punctuality. Examining the lives of great men shows they had daily schedules and were punctual, like Mahatma Gandhi who rose early and kept appointments to the minute. To improve punctuality, one should accept any issues, prepare to be on time, wake immediately to alarms, use reliable transportation, and go to bed on time. Punctuality is key to success in life.
This document discusses different ways to classify reflexes based on their anatomical features, number of synapses involved, physiological characteristics, and whether they are innate or conditioned. The main types of classifications covered are: anatomical (segmental, intersegmental, suprasegmental), number of synapses (monosynaptic, bisynaptic, polysynaptic), physiological (flexor, extensor), and conditional/unconditional (unconditioned, conditioned). Specific examples are provided to illustrate each classification category.
This document discusses the importance of time management and organizational skills for college students. It recommends estimating commitments and scheduling time for the most important tasks first. Factors like work, family, and recreation can affect time management. Maintaining balance through proper sleep and relaxation is also important. The document provides tips for avoiding distractions and suggests using an assignment framework model to plan, gather information, draft, and produce assignments.
Punctuality involves being on time and not being late. The document discusses how to manage time wisely to be punctual using the 3 P's: plan, prioritize, and prepare. Plan by making a short to-do list of no more than 3-5 tasks and avoid time wasters. Prioritize by arranging tasks from simple to difficult. Prepare ahead by doing tasks early to avoid last minute rushing and traffic issues. Being punctual requires planning, prioritizing and preparing ahead of time.
The document discusses classroom management and discipline problems. It identifies some common types of misbehavior like excessive talking and being noisy. Some potential causes of misbehavior are listed, such as boredom, low self-esteem, and lack of consequences. The document emphasizes establishing authority and being skilled in lesson management to diminish discipline issues. It provides tips for effective lesson management, including smooth transitions, clear instructions, and maintaining student involvement. Establishing rules and positively reinforcing good behavior are also recommended for establishing authority and dealing with misbehavior.
Posture is a “position or attitude of the body a relative arrangement of body part
for a specific activity or a characteristic manner of bearing the body”.
Posture refers to the alignment of the body parts when standing in a relaxed stance. Good posture involves training the body to stand, sit and lie in positions that place the least strain on supporting muscles and ligaments. There is no single definition of "normal" posture as everyone's body is different. Maintaining proper posture can help decrease joint stress and strain, prevent back pain, and contribute to a good appearance. Poor posture is corrected through exercises and therapies that realign the body and strengthen weak muscles. Daily posture exercises can help reinforce good habits and balance.
Ayurveda is an ancient Indian healing system based on balancing the three doshas or biological energies (kapha, pitta, vata) in the body using herbs, massage, yoga and diet. The document discusses how to determine one's dosha type and dietary and lifestyle recommendations for balancing each dosha to support health and wellness.
The document discusses posture, including the development and curvature of the spine, definition of normal and poor posture, types of posture, advantages of good posture, causes of poor posture, and evaluation of posture. It defines normal posture and outlines how to analyze posture from the front, back, and side views by examining spinal curves, pelvic tilt, leg alignment, and other factors. Deviations from normal alignment like kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis are also described.
A very nice presentation For Student On Punctuality This presentation contains 7 tip for being punctual in school .
It great for teachers to show to their students. It has amazing text images and lessons on moral values and tip to be always on time this is very useful student of any age !
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Made By Danish Joshi
This document discusses various aspects of corporate etiquette. It begins by distinguishing between social and business etiquette, noting that business etiquette is marked by hierarchy and power rather than courtesy and does not consider gender. Important business etiquettes discussed include introductions, handshakes, email etiquette, telephone etiquette, dining etiquette, and office etiquette. Proper introductions, handshakes, and following etiquette guidelines are emphasized as important for professionalism.
Spondylitis is a condition caused by inflammation of the vertebrae in the spinal cord. This leads the vertebral joints to become inflamed and causes the vertebrae to grow or fuse together, resulting in a rigid spine. The pain may not be felt initially but gradually worsens as the condition progresses, usually starting in the lower back and moving upwards. Spondylitis is commonly caused by genetics, as over 90% of people with the condition carry a particular gene, and having a family history increases risk.
Cervical spondylosis syndrome is caused by the degeneration of cervical intervertebral discs and secondary degeneration of cervical joints, which can compress the spinal cord, nerve roots, or vertebral artery. It presents with neck pain and pain or numbness that radiates to the arms. Diagnosis is made through x-rays, CT scans, or MRIs showing osteophyte formation and disc space narrowing. Treatment includes neck braces, physical therapy, medications, and sometimes surgery such as anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Prevention involves avoiding neck injuries through proper safety techniques.
Low back pain is a common musculoskeletal disorder affecting 40% of people at some point in their lives. It can be acute (lasting less than 7 weeks) or chronic (more than 7 weeks). Common causes include muscle strains, poor posture, obesity, and injuries. Diagnosis involves physical examination and imaging tests like x-rays, CT scans, or MRIs. Treatment depends on whether the back pain is acute or chronic. For acute pain, conservative treatments like NSAIDs, muscle relaxants, and physical therapy are usually effective. Chronic back pain may require more intensive exercises, antidepressants if depression is present, or surgeries like laminectomy or spinal fusion if conservative treatments fail.
Kyphosis is an excessive outward curvature of the spine that results in an abnormal rounding of the upper back. There are several types of kyphosis, with the most common being postural kyphosis caused by poor posture and weak back muscles. Symptoms may include back pain and muscle spasms. Treatment options include exercises to improve posture and strengthen back muscles, bracing, and in severe cases, surgery to correct the spinal curvature. Physiotherapy focuses on stretching tight muscles and strengthening weak back muscles to improve posture and reduce pain.
Cervical spondylosis is a degenerative condition of the cervical spine that commonly occurs in aging individuals. It involves degeneration of the cervical discs and joints that can cause neck pain, radiculopathy, and myelopathy. Conservative treatment includes immobilization, physical therapy, medications, and lifestyle modifications. Surgery is considered for progressive neurological deficits or severe, persistent pain not relieved by conservative measures.
A spinal disc herniation occurs when the soft central portion of an intervertebral disc bulges out beyond the damaged outer rings of the disc. It is commonly caused by trauma, lifting injuries, or unknown causes. Most herniations occur in the lower back and cause low back pain and leg pain. Treatment begins with rest, medications, and physical therapy, with surgery as a last resort if symptoms do not improve. Rehabilitation focuses on reducing pain and inflammation while strengthening muscles through modalities like electrostimulation, heat/cold therapy, and weightlifting.
Birth injuries can occur due to mechanical forces during delivery. Soft tissue injuries like abrasions and lacerations are common. Skull injuries such as cephalohematomas and subgaleal hematomas can result from pressure on the head. Nerve injuries, including brachial plexus injuries and facial palsy, are typically caused by excessive stretching or compression of nerves. Musculoskeletal issues like clavicle fractures may also occur. It is important to carefully examine newborns for any signs of trauma and potential additional injuries from the birthing process.
Ankylosing spondylitis is a type of inflammatory arthritis associated with the HLA-B27 gene. It typically causes stiffness and fusion of the spine over time. Diagnosis involves evidence of sacroiliac joint inflammation on imaging and a positive HLA-B27 test in most cases. Treatment focuses on exercises to maintain mobility, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and TNF inhibitors for severe cases. Surgery may be needed to correct spinal deformities or replace affected hips in advanced ankylosing spondylitis.
A spinal disc herniation occurs when a tear in the outer ring of an intervertebral disc allows the soft central portion to bulge out. Most herniations occur in the lumbar region and cause pain that may radiate into the legs. Diagnosis is made based on symptoms and physical exam, and may include imaging tests. While minor herniations may heal on their own, severe or persistent cases sometimes require surgery.
Spine.pptx and its functions with complete assesmentalishbasohail3
This document discusses various pathologies related to the management of spine and musculoskeletal disorders. It covers topics such as intervertebral disc herniation, protrusion, and extrusion. It also discusses prolonged flexion posture and its relationship to disc issues. Signs and symptoms of disc lesions are outlined. Additional pathologies covered include spondylosis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and Scheuermann's disease.
Kyphosis-Lordosis is a document that defines and describes two spinal conditions: kyphosis and lordosis. There are three main types of kyphosis - postural, Scheuemann's, and congenital. Postural kyphosis is the most common type and results from poor posture. Scheuemann's kyphosis develops during adolescence due to structural vertebral deformities. Congenital kyphosis is the rarest type and caused by abnormal vertebral development before birth. Lordosis refers to an inward curvature of the lumbar or cervical spine and can be caused by conditions like achondroplasia or poor posture. Both kyphosis and lordosis are diagnosed using x-rays or
This document provides an overview of scoliosis, including:
- Definitions and classifications of scoliosis types like idiopathic, congenital, neuromuscular, etc.
- Descriptions of curve patterns, measurements, and radiographic assessments.
- Clinical features and evaluations like trunk examination, scoliometer use, and Adams forward bend test.
- Etiology, progression risks, and long-term effects of different scoliosis types.
- Common curve classifications including King's type and Cobb angle measurement method.
It serves as a reference for the clinical presentation, evaluation, and management considerations for different scoliosis conditions.
This document provides guidance on evaluating floppy infants. It discusses the importance of assessing muscle tone and differentiating between central, peripheral, and mixed hypotonia. A thorough history and physical exam can help localize the cause and narrow the differential diagnosis, which includes various central nervous system disorders, peripheral nerve and muscle diseases, and metabolic conditions. The document outlines steps for evaluating tone, important exam findings for different etiologies, and differential diagnoses to consider in floppy infants.
1) Lumbar disk disease is a common cause of back pain and occurs most often at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels. A ruptured disk can cause back pain, limited movement, radicular pain, or neurological deficits.
2) Examination may reveal limited flexion, muscle spasms, or positive straight leg raise test. Imaging like MRI or CT can identify disk herniations.
3) Other potential causes of back pain include muscle strains, osteoporotic fractures, tumors, infections, and referred pain from abdominal or pelvic organs. A thorough examination is needed to determine the cause and guide treatment.
Cervical Laminoplasty by Pablo Pazmino MDPablo Pazmino
This video explains Cervical Stenosis and Cervical Spondylosis/Arthritis. When stenosis begins to affect the spinal cord this is called Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy. This video highlights the history, epidemiology, and treatment options both conservative and surgical. If you or someone you know needs to be seen in regards to Cervical Stenosis/Arthritis for a Laminoplasty feel free to look us up online www.beverlyspine.com or www.santamonicaspine.com OR call toll free 1-8SPINECAL-1
Vertebral column associated pathology and radiographic appearanceSwapnil Shetty
The document provides information on the basic anatomy of the vertebral column, common vertebral pathologies, and their radiographic appearances. It describes the basic structure and composition of vertebrae and how they vary by region. It then discusses several common pathologies like ankylosing spondylitis, fractures, herniated discs, kyphosis, lordosis, metastases, osteoarthritis, and others. For each condition, it provides a definition and descriptions of associated radiographic findings to aid in diagnosis. The goal is to help readers understand vertebral anatomy and some key pathologies that can be identified on imaging studies.
A cervical rib is an extra rib that arises from the seventh cervical vertebra. It occurs in 0.6-0.8% of the population. Cervical ribs usually do not cause symptoms but can potentially lead to thoracic outlet syndrome by compressing nerves. This occurs when the cervical rib and scalene muscles compress the lower trunk of the brachial plexus or subclavian artery. Symptoms include pain, numbness, and weakness in the arm and hand. Diagnosis involves identifying nerve compression during physical exam maneuvers. Surgery to remove the cervical rib and divide scalene muscles may be required if neurological symptoms develop. Physiotherapy focuses on reducing pain, maintaining range of motion and muscle strength, and
This document provides information on neck pain, including causes, symptoms, classifications, clinical examination, investigations, and treatment. It discusses how neck pain can result from disorders of structures in the neck like bones, joints, nerves and muscles. Examination involves inspection, palpation, and assessment of movement and neurological function. Investigations may include x-rays, MRI, and blood tests. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but typically involves rest, medications, physiotherapy including exercises and manual therapy, and surgery if conservative treatments fail. Prevention emphasizes proper posture, exercise and ergonomics to avoid strain on the neck structures.
INTERVERTEBRAL DISC ANATOMY AND PIVD OF LUMBAR SPINE AND ITS MANAGEMENTBenthungo Tungoe
1) The intervertebral disc consists of the nucleus pulposus surrounded by the annulus fibrosus and endplates. The nucleus contains water and proteoglycans to absorb pressure, while the annulus contains collagen fibers for strength and flexibility.
2) Degeneration of discs occurs over time as the nucleus loses water content and the annulus becomes weaker, altering load distribution and potentially leading to herniation.
3) Herniated discs occur when part of the nucleus extrudes from the annulus, most commonly posterolaterally, and can impinge nerves causing radicular pain. Classification is based on location and involvement of surrounding tissues.
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Our backs are like superheroes, holding us up and helping us move around. But sometimes, even superheroes can get hurt. That’s where slip discs come in.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
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Hiranandani Hospital in Powai, Mumbai, is a premier healthcare institution that has been serving the community with exceptional medical care since its establishment. As a part of the renowned Hiranandani Group, the hospital is committed to delivering world-class healthcare services across a wide range of specialties, including kidney transplantation. With its state-of-the-art facilities, advanced medical technology, and a team of highly skilled healthcare professionals, Hiranandani Hospital has earned a reputation as a trusted name in the healthcare industry. The hospital's patient-centric approach, coupled with its focus on innovation and excellence, ensures that patients receive the highest standard of care in a compassionate and supportive environment.
2. Cervical spondylitis
Cervical spondylitis is a common degenerative condition of
the cervical (neck) spine that most likely is caused by
age-related changes (wear and tear) in the intervertebral
disks and vertebrae of the neck. Research has shown that
CSM (cervical spondylotic myelopathy) is the most
common cause of non-traumatic weakness in limbs and a
persistent stiffness and nagging pain in the neck.
'Spondylo' is a Greek word-meaning vertebra. Spondylitis
(or Spondylosis) means changes in the vertebral joint
characterized by increasing degeneration of the
intervertebral disc with subsequent changes in the bones
and soft tissues.
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3. Most often in people above the age of 40, the
intervertebral discs get progressively
dehydrated and they become more
compressible and less elastic. Mineral
deposition starts occurring in the intervertebral
disc resulting in secondary changes. Although
majority of individuals over 40 years of age
demonstrate significant radiological evidence of
the above changes, only a small percentage
develop symptoms of the same. Another
noteworthy point is that sometimes the
degenerative changes in the cervical spine can
be visible on the X-ray as early as in 30’s but it
does not call for any treatment if the patient is
not symptomatic.
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5. • This is basically a mechanical disorder.
• Very stiff muscles in the cervical region can, over the
years, cause a kinking of the cervical spine to the front.
• Bad posture and lack of exercise to the cervical region are the
key factors which are responsible in a majority of the patients.
• Lying in bed with several pillows propping up the neck into an
unnatural position can affect the alignment of the cervical
column, causing a forward inclination.
• Reclining on sofas with the spine hunched and the neck pushed
forward is bad for cervical alignment.
• Hunching over the computer for many hours, occupational
hazards such as those of a writer, an illustrator or a painter, all
cause the spine to be bent forward all the time.
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6. • Positioning the body to the same side during
sleep, with the shoulder muscles and the neck
compressed, also develops faulty alignment in the
cervical spine. In due course the spine is bent, the
front surface of the bones and disc are excessively
pressurised and damage occurs.
• The so-called executive chairs are ill-designed and
push the neck out of alignment. No chair should
reach over the head. The level should be up to the
shoulder blades so that the chest can stretch over
the edge keeping the body upright.
• In India, railway porters carry heavy loads on their
heads but they do not suffer from cervical pain (as
one would expect) from the heavy load they carry
every day. Only in the group of people who never
exercise their bodies does this occur most
frequently.
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9. • Neck pain and stiffness is one of the earliest presentations of cervical
spondylitis. Some of the characteristic features of this condition are:
• Chronic or episodic pain and stiffness in the neck and shoulder region
• The pain tends to get worse over a period of time
• There may be periods initially when the pain disappears completely; later as
the disease advances the pain may remain persistent
• Pain may radiate (travel) from neck to shoulders, arms, forearms, hands, lower
part of the head, upper back
• Coughing, sneezing, other movements of the neck may worsen symptoms
• Along with pain, there may be abnormal sensations (tingling numbness), loss
of sensation, weakness in any of the above regions
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10. • There may be non-specific headaches in the
lower part of the back of head
• Sensation of loss of balance
• Loss of control over the bladder or bowels (if the
spinal cord is compressed)
• Occasionally there may be atypical pain
presenting as chest pain or breast pain (false
angina)
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11. The doctor may find certain clear pointers
to this disease on examination of the
patient:
• Spasm of the neck muscles
• Limited range of movements of the neck – bending
forward, backward, sideways, rotating the head are all limited
• Weakness of muscles of the arms, forearms
• Altered sensation in the shoulder region, arms, forearms, neck, etc.
• Reflexes are often reduced
• poorly localised tenderness,
• limited range of motion,
• minor neurological changes.
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12. • Imaging tests
A variety of imaging tests can provide
details to guide diagnosis and
treatment. Examples include:
• Neck X-ray. An X-ray may show
abnormalities, such as bone
spurs, that indicate cervical
spondylosis. It is ordered primarily as
a screening test to look for
rare, serious causes for neck pain and
stiffness — such as tumors, infections
or fractures.
• Computerized tomography (CT scan).
This test takes X-rays from many
different directions and then
combines them into a cross-sectional
view of the structures in your neck. It
can provide much finer details than a
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13. • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI uses a magnetic
field and radio waves and can produce detailed, cross-
sectional images of both bone and soft tissues. This can help
pinpoint areas where nerves may be getting pinched.
• Myelogram. This test involves generating images using X-rays
or CT scans after dye is injected into the spinal canal. The dye
makes areas of your spine more visible.
Nerve function tests-
In some cases, it may be helpful to determine if nerve signals
are traveling properly to your muscles. Nerve function tests
include:
• Electromyogram (EMG). This test measures the electrical
activity in your nerves as they transmit messages to your
muscles when the muscles are contracting and when they're
at rest. The purpose of an EMG is to assess the health of your
muscles and the nerves that control them.
• Nerve conduction study. For this test, electrodes are attached
to your skin above the nerve to be studied. A small shock is
passed through the nerve to measure the strength and speed
of nerve signals.
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14. • To arrive at an accurate diagnosis, it is critical for
the physician to consider other disorders that have
similar symptoms as cervical spondylotic
myelopathy (a "differential diagnosis"). Other
conditions associated with neck pain and arm
pain, motor-sensory-reflex changes, and signs of
spinal cord dysfunction include:
• Progressive forms of multiple sclerosis
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's
disease)
• Hereditary spastic paraplegia
• Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal
cord associated with vitamin B12 deficiency
• Certain spinal cord tumors
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15. • Rheumatoid
Arthritis
• Cervical Sprain and
Strain
• Osteoporosis and
Spinal Cord Injury
• Frozen Shoulder
• Metabolic diseases
- Paget's
disease, osteoporo
sis, gout or pseudo-
gout Infections -
osteomyelitisor
tuberculosis
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16. • MEDICAL
• PHYSIOTHERAPY
• RELAXATION
• ERGONOMICS
• DO’s AND DONT’s
• HOMEOPATHIC APPROACH
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17. • Usually Analgesics and muscle relaxants are advised . In more
severe cases the orthopaedic doctor may suggest cortisone
injections near the joints of the vertebral bodies to ease the
swelling of the nerves and relieve pain.
•
Surgical Treatment
If the medical treatment and
physiotherapy fails, and the condition is severe, where the nerves
are affected, surgery may be required.. Decompression of the nerve
is done to relieve the nerve which is compressed by the bones and
the disc.
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18. • Physiotherapy
The goal of physiotherapy
treatment is to relieve pain, and
enhance movements of the neck.
• Shortwave Diathermy - A disc or
heating pad is placed over the
back of the neck. The warmth
obtained from the shortwave
diathermy current relaxes the
muscle and the pain is relieved.
Cervical Traction - Traction is a
mechanical device, which
supports the head and chin. It is
used to relieve the nerve
compression by a bone.
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19. • Posture correction - Simple
postural exercises can be taught
to correct the faulty position of
the neck.
Motivation is given to maintain
the erect posture:
Collars - Two types of collars can
be prescribed:
Soft Collar - Soft collar is used
during night times to prevent
awkward position of the neck
during sleep.
Firm Collar - Firm collar steadies
the neck and relieve
pain, especially during traveling
or work. It is removed when the
pain subsides.
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20. Relaxation
Relaxation is essential part of treatment. Tension in
neck and shoulder muscle, pain, anxiety are all
relieved by relaxation.
Relaxation can be done in two ways:
Physical Relaxation.
Mental Relaxation.
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21. • Physical Relaxation:
The whole body is relaxed by free suitable and comfortable
positions, so that the muscles are freed from tension and the pain
is relieved. For eg., position of relaxation - when you are lying flat
on your back.
One pillow under the head
One cushion for the shoulder and
One under knees.
The pillow should be firm and thin
This position will allow relaxation for your body while lying down.
Relaxation while sitting.
The head, neck and shoulder are supported by high backed
chair, with a small pillow at lower back.
Feet supported on stool or low bench
Arm, resting on arm of chair or pillow
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22. • Ergonomics
Ergonomics
concentrates on the
architectural design of
furnitures like
desk, chairs, tables etc.
The design of the
furniture should be
such that it should
support the body
structure without
causing any undue
strain to the muscles of
the back and neck .
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23. • Do's and Dont's
If you are prone to cervical spondylosis, Avoid bad roads, if
travelling by two or four wheelers
Do not sit for prolonged period of time in stressful postures
Do use firm collars while traveling
Do not lift heavy weights on head or back
Do not turn from your body but turn your body moving your feet
first
Do turn to one side while getting up from lying down
Do the exercises prescribed regularly
Do use firm mattress, thin pillow or butterfly shaped pillow
Do not lie flat on your stomach.
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24. • Yogasanas for cervical spondylitis:
• Here are some of the most useful Yoga asanas for
cervical spondylitis. Before practicing these Yogasanas
you should seek guidance of your health provider and
should only practice under guidance of an Yoga
expert.
• Sarpasana
• Dhanurasana
• Shalabhasan
• Dandasana
• Bhujangasan
• Tadasana
• Makarasan
• Neck excercises ( forward bending and backward
bending)
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