Cervical cancer is caused by HPV infection in 90% of cases and develops from pre-cancerous changes in the cervix, with risks including multiple sexual partners and smoking. Screening through Pap and HPV testing is important for early detection and treatment of pre-cancerous cells before cancer develops, with guidelines recommending Pap tests every 3 years for women ages 21-29 and co-testing with Pap and HPV tests every 5 years for women ages 30-65. Vaccines can protect against HPV but screening is still needed as other factors also contribute to cervical cancer risk.

2. CERVICAL CANCER
Dr. Kalpana Dixit

5. Cervical Cancer
• Cancer in the cervix of the uterus is cervical cancer
• Cells change from normal to pre-cancer (dysplasia)
and then to cancer
• Mainly occur in transitional zone
• Every year 452,000 new cases are detected (WHO)

7. Causes
1. Human Papilloma Virus
Infection with HPV is the cause of
approximately 90% of all cervical cancer
About half of the sexually transmitted HPVs
are associated with cervical cancer

8. 2. Sexual History
Multiple sexual partner
Start sexual relations before the age of 18
Has a partner who has had contact with the
cervical cancer patient

9. RISK FACTORS
• Smoking
• Weakened immune response
• Several pregnancies
• Become a mother at early age
• Long term use of contraceptives
• Family History
• NOT GETTING SCREENED

10. Cervical Cancer Screening
• Screening is testing to find cancer, or other
diseases, early in people who have no symptoms
• Screening can help find cancers when they are
small and have not spread – when they have a
better chance of being cured
• Screening can also find pre-cancerous changes
that can be treated to prevent cancer from
developing.

11. Pap test
• A test which collects cells from the surface of the
cervix to check for any abnormal cells
• Abnormal cells can be removed or treated
before cervical cancer develops.
• When cancer is detected early, it is easier to
treat.
• A pelvic exam is NOT a Pap test; ONLY a Pap
test can find early cervical cancer or pre-cancer.

12. Pap tests

13. HPV tests

14. ACS Guidelines for Cervical Cancer
Screening
• Women age 21 to 29
• Pap test every 3 years
• HPV testing should NOT be used unless needed
as follow-up after an abnormal Pap test result
• Women under age 21 should not be screened.
Starting at age 30: Preferred screening is Pap
test WITH an HPV test every 5 years (co-testing)
until age 65
• Another option is just a Pap test every 3 years
until age 65

15. What you can do
• Certain types of sexual behavior increase a
woman's risk of getting genital HPV infection,
such as having sex at an early age and having
many sexual partners.
• Condoms (" rubbers") provide some protection
against HPV.
• Avoid being exposed to HPV.
• Avoid smoke.
• Get vaccinated.

16. HPV Vaccines
• Safe and effective
• Recommended for all
girls and boys ages 11-
12
• Requires 3 injections
• Covered by insurance,
but still not being given

17. • About 42% girls and 22% boys are getting
vaccinated
• Protect against cervical and many other
cancers linked to HPV infection
• Routine cervical cancer screening is still
necessary for women who have been
vaccinated HPV

18. Dietary management
• Flavonoids

19. Folate

20. Vitamin A

23.  Healthy dietary
habits & life style
 Few sexual
partners

25. •
• 1-800-667-0017 to know about the Pap
Test clinic
• www.saskcancer.ca

26. • These are the well-proven way to
prevent cervical cancer and find
pre-cancers.
• If a pre-cancer is found it can be
treated, stopping cervical cancer
before it really starts.

28. If you wish to learn more
Websites :
• www.cancer.org
• http://emedicine.medscape.com
• http://www.cancer.ca
• http://www.medicinenet.com
• http://www.cancer.net