Evaluation of different fungicides against Alternaria solani (Ellis & Martin) Sorauer caused early blight of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

1. Evaluation of different fungicides againstEvaluation of different fungicides against Alternaria solaniAlternaria solani (Ellis &(Ellis &
Martin) Sorauer caused early blight of tomatoMartin) Sorauer caused early blight of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum(Solanum lycopersicum
L.)L.)
BYBY
AMIT KUMAR TIWARI
DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY
DR. RAMMANOHAR LOHIYA AWADH UNIVERSITY, AYODHYA
SUPERVISORSUPERVISOR
PROf. RAM CHANDRA
DEPARTMENT OF MYCOLOGY AND PLANT PATHOLOGY
INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE
BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY, VARANASI
2019

2. • ObjectivesObjectives
• IntroductionIntroduction
• Materials and MethodsMaterials and Methods
• Results and discussionResults and discussion
• Summary and conclusionSummary and conclusion
• ReferencesReferences

3. OBJECTIVES
Broad Objective
Evaluation of different fungicides against Alternaria solani (Ellis
& Martin) Sorauer caused early blight of tomato (Solanum
lycopersicum L.)
Specific Objective
Isolation of pure culture of Alternaria solani from Alternaria
leaf spot of tomato.
In vitro evaluation of five different fungicides, against Alternaria
solani.

4. INTRODUCTION

5. Classification and plant description
•Domain: Eukaryota, Kingdom: Plantae, Phylum: Spermatophyt, Subphylum:
Angiospermae, Class: Dicotyledonae, Order: Solanales, Family: Solanaceae,
Genus: Solanum, Species: lycopersicum
Host and symptoms of Early blight of tomato
Early blight (Alternaria solani)
•Foliar symptoms generally occur in oldest leaves and start as small, brownish
to black lesion.
•These leaf spots enlarge up to 1.3 cm in diameter in a concentric ring.
•The area around the spot may become yellow, as may entire severely affected
leaves.

7. Disease management
Cultural control
•Use pathogen free seed and transplants.
•Maintain plant vigor through adequate irrigation and fertilization
•Use long rotations away from tomato and other solanaceous crops, avoid planting
tomato near related.
•Avoid plant injury which allows entry of the pathogen and spread of the fungus through
adequate insect management
Chemical control
•Contact fungicides such as chlorothalonil and mancozeb provide modrate levels of
control when applied preventively.
•Newer chemistries including strobilurin fungicides (azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, etc.)
have provided excellent control in university trials.

8. MATERIALS AND
METHODS

9. PREPARATION OF STOCK
SOLUTION

10. FungicidesFungicides FormulationFormulation
ScoreScore Difenoconazole 25.0%M/MDifenoconazole 25.0%M/M
LustreLustre Flusilazole12.5%+Carbendazim SEFlusilazole12.5%+Carbendazim SE
Emesto PrimeEmesto Prime Penflufen 22.43%Penflufen 22.43%
PlusorPlusor Thifluzamide 24%SCThifluzamide 24%SC
CursorCursor Flusilazole 40% ECFlusilazole 40% EC
Table no. 1 the list of fungicides, used against Alternaria
solani

11. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONRESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Characterization of Alternaria Morphological solani
•On PDA medium, Alternaria solani produced light grey to dark colour mycelia.
•Mycelium of fungal pathogen septate, olive grey to greyish black in color.
Conidophore are septate and appeared in chain.
Fig.no.1 Symptoms of Alternaria leaf spot and growth of Alternaria solani
on PDA medium and conidia structure.

12. Table no. 2 Efficacy of different fungicides against
Alternaria solani
Fungicides trade nameFungicides trade name Radial growth (cm)Radial growth (cm) Percent inhibitionPercent inhibition
At 0.2%At 0.2% At 0.5%At 0.5% At 0.2 %At 0.2 % At 0.5%
Difenoconazole 25.0%M/MDifenoconazole 25.0%M/M nilnil nilnil 100%100% 100%
Flusilazole12.5%+Carbendazim SEFlusilazole12.5%+Carbendazim SE nilnil nilnil 100%100% 100%
Penflufen 22.43%Penflufen 22.43% 3.63.6 3.23.2 60%60% 64%
Thifluzamide 24%SCThifluzamide 24%SC 6.006.00 3.03.0 33%33% 66%
Flusilazole 40% ECFlusilazole 40% EC nilnil nilnil 100%100% 100%
ControlControl 9.09.0 9.09.0
SE(m)SE(m) 0.070.07 0.030.03
C. D. (5%)C. D. (5%) 0.210.21 0.100.10
C.V. (%)C.V. (%) 3.793.79 2.282.28

13. Fig. No.2. Inhibition % of mycelial growth of
Alternaria solani

14. Fig. No. 3 efficacy of different fungicides on radial growth of
Alternaria solani at 0.2% and 0.5% of fungicides
concentration.
Control plate Pulsor- Thifluzamide
24%SC At 0.2 % and 0.5
%
Fusilazole cursor 40%
EC at 0.2 % and 0.5 %
Flusilazole12.5%
+carbendazim SE lustre at 0.2
% and 0.5 %
Penflufen 22.43%
Emesto at 0.2 % and
0.5 %
Difenoconazole
25.0%m/m) score at
0.2 % and 0.5 %

15. Check T 1 T 2 Check T 1
T 3 T 4 T 5 T 3 T 4 T 5
T 2
On concentration 0.5% On concentration 0.2%

16. • 100% mycelia growth was inhibited from cursor (fusilazole 40% EC),
(Difenoconazole 25.0%m/m) score, (Flusilazole 12.5%+ carbendazim SE)
lustre and found highly efficient in controlling the growth of Alternaria
solani.
• (Penflufen 22.43%) Emesto 64% and least effective is Pulsor (Thifluzamide
24%SC) 66% at 0.5% concentration of fungicide dose.

17. • found confirmative with the finding of Sharma et.al (2018) The lowest
percent disease intensity (PDI) was observed in carbendazim 12 % +
mancozeb 63 % WP @ 0.2 % (18.77) followed by difenoconazole 25 EC @
0.025 % (20.59)
• The active ingredient of Score is difenoconazole (25% EC) is taken by the
plant and acts on the fungal pathogen during penetration and haustoria
formation by interfering with the biosynthesis of sterols in cell membrane

18. • This supported by the findings of Kumar and Singh (2017) observed that most
effective fungicides was found Hexaconazole 5% EC which exhibited 100.00
percent inhibition in mycelium growth at 100 ppm followed by followed by
Thiafluzamide 24% SC
• Also Prasad and Nayak, (2003). They also reported that carbendazim and
mancozeb was the most effective fungicides recorded minimum disease
intensity against early blight of tomato.

19. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
• The present investigation conducted on “Evaluation of different
fungicides against Alternaria solani (Ellis & Martin) Sorauer
caused early blight of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
• Early blight of tomato caused by Alternaria solani Sorauer is a distractive
soil borne and seed borne disease of tomato resulting into heavy yield
losses.
• Five Fungicide viz. Difenoconazole 25.0%M/M, Flusilazole12.5%+
Carbendazim SE, Penflufen 22.43% , Thifluzamide 24%SC, Flusilazole 40%
EC, at two concentration 0.2% and 0.5% were assayed for their efficacy
against Alternaria solani by poison food technique.

20. • Mycelia growth inhibited 100% from cursor (fusilazole 40% EC),
(Difenoconazole 25.0%M/M) score, (Flusilazole12.5%+carbendazim SE)
lustre at 0.2% and 0.5% concentration of fungicides.
• Emesto (Penflufen 22.43%) also found effective against pathogen and
showed 60% inhibition at 0.2% concentration and 64% inhibition at 0.5%
concentration and least mycelial inhibition recorded with Pulsor
(Thifluzamide 24%SC) showed 33% at 0.2% concentration and 66%
inhibition at 0.5% concentration of fungicide dose.

21. • Conclusively, it is urged that fungicide application is one of a sharp tool
against disease control in plants if use in integrated manner
• Study demonstrated that if timely application of fungicides with regular
intervals during peak infection levels of pathogens, could be effective to
control and manage early blight of tomato caused by A. solani in field or in
green house.

22. REFERENCES
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• Gondal, A.S., Ijaz M., Riaz K and Khan, A.R. 2012. Effect of different doses of fungicide (Mancozeb) against
Alternaria leaf blight of tomato in Tunnel. Plant Pathology and Microbiology. 3(3): 1-3.
• Jones, L.R and Grout, A.J.1897. Notes on two species of Alternaria. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Society
24: 254–258.
• Kumar, P. and Singh, S. 2017. In Vitro Evaluation of Fungicides and Plant Extract against Alternaria solani
(Ellis) Causing Early Blight in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci. 6(9): 820-
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• Prasad, Y. and Naik, M. K. 2003. Evaluation of genotypes, fungicides and plant extracts against early blight of
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Early Blight of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Caused by Alternaria solani (Ell. & Mart.)
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24. ThANk YOU!!ThANk YOU!!
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