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This document discusses the objectives and implementation challenges of agreements related to access and benefit sharing of genetic resources. It notes that while the Convention on Biological Diversity aims to balance conservation, access, and benefit sharing, agreements like TRIPS prioritize stimulating innovation through intellectual property rights. Two theoretical perspectives are discussed - realism, where power determines outcomes, and norm diffusion, where international cooperation spreads standards. Several cases are presented that support both views. Overall, there are conflicts between protecting intellectual property, ensuring equitable access and benefit sharing, and incentivizing conservation that challenge unified implementation of these diverging objectives.

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2012. Ruaraidh Sackville Hamilton. International treaty on plant genetic reso...

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04 national and international protocols for pgr management

The document discusses the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. It provides a history of the treaty and summarizes its key provisions, including the establishment of a Multilateral System to facilitate access to plant genetic resources and benefit sharing, recognition of Farmers' Rights, and promotion of sustainable use. It also discusses India's national programs and policies related to plant genetic resource management and regional/international collaboration on conservation and use of plant genetic resources.

MR bhatta itpgrfa's annex 1 and f rs

Madan Bhatta

This document discusses the importance of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture and the interdependence between countries regarding these resources. It notes that over 80% of human calorie intake comes from just 150-200 plant species, and that countries rely heavily on genetic resources originating elsewhere. For example, over 90% of rice, wheat and potato varieties released in Nepal were developed using genetic materials from other countries. The document argues that implementation of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture is important for Nepal to facilitate continued access to the global crop gene pools on which it is highly dependent.

The document summarizes three international agreements on biosafety and plant genetic resources: 1. The Cartagena Protocol establishes procedures for safe transfer of living modified organisms, including advance approval and documentation for imports. It aims to ensure biodiversity and human health are protected. 2. The International Plant Protection Convention protects plants from pests and diseases to support biodiversity, ecosystems, trade, and industries. It sets standards for safe movement of plants and plant products. 3. The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources promotes farmers' rights and access to genetic resources for food crops. It establishes a system for sharing benefits from use of genetic materials.

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This document provides an overview of access and benefit sharing as it relates to plant genetic resources and their utilization. It discusses the context including the Convention on Biological Diversity and developments at the international level. Key points covered include the CBD's goals of conservation, sustainable use, and fair sharing of benefits; provisions regarding access to genetic resources and traditional knowledge in the CBD and other agreements; and disclosure requirements being discussed in various international forums like WIPO.

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National and international protocol for plant genetic resource management

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The document discusses several international agreements related to the conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources: - The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) established in 1993 aims to conserve biodiversity and share benefits from genetic resources. - The Nagoya Protocol aims to ensure fair sharing of benefits from genetic resources. - The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA) guarantees food security through conservation and exchange of plant genetic resources. It established a multilateral system for access and benefit sharing involving 64 major crops. - The Cartagena Protocol addresses transboundary movements of living modified organisms from biotechnology. The document also discusses India's Biodiversity Act of

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Emmanuel Nuesiri

This co-authored publication, IMPROVING GOVERNANCE OF PASTORAL LANDS, shows the challenges facing pastoralists all around the world, which is driving them to take desperate measures to ensure their survival; its for government policy makers and civil society actors seeking solution to a difficult problem. In the light recent violent cattle herdsmen militantism in Nigeria, which has led to loss of lives and properties, this publication sheds light as to the way forward for peace and prosperity of all affected actors.

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Oficina Regional de la FAO para América Latina y el Caribe

The document summarizes the Second Global Plan of Action for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (GPA). It was adopted by FAO in 2011 to address new challenges to plant genetic resources like climate change, increasing food insecurity, and loss of diversity. The GPA's 18 priorities call for greater emphasis on in situ and ex situ conservation, expanding characterization and use of resources in plant breeding, and promoting sustainable agriculture through crop diversity. Successful implementation requires concerted action and funding from national programs and international cooperation between governments, organizations, and other stakeholders.

Strategy and action plan for the implementation of itpgrfa in nepal

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Food security anda food sovereignty 27. 11. 13

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Biodiversity act 2002

Neha Nag

The document summarizes the key aspects of the Indian Biodiversity Act of 2002. It was signed into law by the President on February 5th, 2003 and became enforceable on April 15th, 2004. The act aims to conserve biological diversity, promote sustainable use, and facilitate equitable benefit-sharing. It established the National Biodiversity Authority and State Biodiversity Boards to regulate access to genetic resources and traditional knowledge. Local Biodiversity Management Committees were also set up to document traditional knowledge and ensure benefits are shared equitably. The act covers intellectual property rights, access to biological resources, and benefit-sharing arrangements.

Introduction to CITES

1. CITES began in the 1970s as an international agreement to regulate international trade in endangered species. It has grown to include over 180 member countries working together to ensure international trade of plants and animals does not threaten their survival. 2. CITES functions by placing species on one of three appendices based on how threatened they are. It then uses a permit system to regulate international trade of those species. Management Authorities in each country issue permits and ensure trade complies with CITES requirements. 3. Through cooperation between its member countries, standardized permits, and guidance from the Conference of Parties, CITES aims to ensure international trade in wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival in the wild.

Access & benefit sharing of AnGR

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EleonoraCarollo

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CITES Purpose and Policy

CITES aims to ensure international trade in wildlife does not threaten species' survival. This requires appropriate national policies. The document discusses how CITES' purpose is linked to global initiatives and the importance of policy. It outlines policy measures countries take under CITES and the politics around wildlife policy. A review process helps countries evaluate their policies's impacts and improve their effectiveness in supporting both conservation and livelihoods.

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Problems and concerns of farmers rights under ipr 2

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This document summarizes the international and Indian legal frameworks governing intellectual property rights related to plant varieties and farmers' rights. Key points include: - International agreements like UPOV, TRIPS, and the Convention on Biological Diversity recognize plant breeders' rights but also advance the concept of farmers' rights. However, farmers are not granted the same exclusive proprietary control as breeders. - India enacted the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights Act, which establishes both breeders' rights based on UPOV and a concept of farmers' rights derived from international agreements. It aims to reward investment in new varieties while also recognizing farmers' contributions. - The Act seeks to put farmers' rights on

The strategic action plan to strengthen the conservation and use of Mesoameri...

Marleni Ramirez, Bioversity International Regional Director for the Americas, presented at the international conference Enhanced genepool utilization - Capturing wild relative and landrace diversity for crop improvement, in Cambridge, UK, 16-20 June 2014. The Strategic Action Plan to Strengthen the Conservation and Use of Mesoamerican Plant Genetic Resources in Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change (SAPM) is a ten-year road map to strengthen conservation, access and use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture in Mesoamerica, as a strategic element for food security and agricultural adaptation to climate change and other threats. The plan is available in English and Spanish bit.ly/1lAu6Hh

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Threat to Biodiversity

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This document discusses digitalization efforts and open biodiversity data infrastructure. It provides an overview of GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility), including its goals of providing open access to biodiversity data worldwide. It notes that over 1.9 billion species occurrence records have been published through GBIF from over 1,700 data publishers. The document encourages museums to engage in open science and digitalization to remain relevant and take advantage of new opportunities and funding. It discusses using identifiers like DOIs to cite biodiversity data and link it to publications and people.

Råd fra GBIF-Norge til datainfrastrukturutvalget i dialogmøte 2021-11-19

[Råd 1] Norske forskningsdata bør publiseres i henhold til internasjonale data-standarder. Internasjonale data-standarder sikrer interoperabilitet og reelle muligheter for gjenbruk av data. Etablerte data-standarder innenfor et fagområde gir ofte best effekt for realisert gjenbruk, men kan hindre gjenbruk av data i nye og uforutsette tverrfaglige studier og sammenhenger. Norge bør derfor også bidra til tverrfaglig videreutvikling av interoperabilitet på tvers av data-standarder som er i anvendelse innenfor de enkelte fagområder. [Råd 2] Måloppnåelse for økt deling av forskningsdata blir enklere med effektive insentiver. Vi tror at etablering av forskningsdata som siterbart vitenskapelig produkt slik som DORA (sfdora.org, 2012) og Force11 (force11.org, 2011) beskriver gir viktige retningslinjer som datainfrastrukturutvalget bør forsøke å integrere i nye Norske retningslinjer. [Råd 3] Metrikk for å måle gjennomslag og innflytelse (impact) av forskning ("tellekanter") bør utvides til å inkludere metrikk for anerkjennelse av datakilde (data-publikasjon, data-sitering) for både forsker og institusjon. Publisering av forskningsdata bør fortrinnsvis utføres gjennom en profesjonell infrastruktur (slik som GBIF) der opphavsmann og de ulike bidragsytere til produksjon, innsamling, tilretteleggelse, håndtering, og bevaring av data kan registreres. Dataset bør tilordnes stabil digital identitet, gjennom løsninger slik som DOI (digital object identifier). Personer bør knyttes til stabil digital identitet gjennom løsninger slik som ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID, orcid.org). Institusjoner bør knyttes til stabil digital identitet gjennom system løsninger slik som ROR (Research Organization Registry, ror.org). [Råd 4] Etablering av infrastruktur for forskningsdata tar tid og behøver derfor kontinuitet og forutsigbare rammer, mandat, og langsiktig strategisk investering. Effektiv langsiktig investering i felles internasjonale løsninger krever ofte bedre kontinuitet enn det som er mulig innenfor handlingsrommet for basisfinansiering for enkelte forskningsinstitusjoner og universiteter. Samtidig som felles multi-nasjonal investering i fellesløsninger ofte har en betydelig lavere kostnad enn en alternativ mere fragmentert infrastruktur. GBIF Norge (GBIF.no) er den norske deltagernoden i Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF.org). GBIF er en internasjonal organisasjon som arbeider for fri og åpen tilgang til globalt dekkende informasjon om biologisk mangfold. GBIF ble etablert i 2001 etter en beslutning i OECDs Science Forum i 1999. Norge ble medlem av GBIF i 2004 og den norske deltagernoden, GBIF Norge, ble etablert med sekretariat ved Universitet i Oslo Naturhistorisk Museum i nært samarbeid med Artsdatabanken og med finansiering fra Forskningsrådet. GBIF Norges mandat omfatter nasjonal deltagelse i GBIF med internasjonal publisering av norske artsdata i henhold til internasjonale data-standarder som er forvaltet av GBIF.

The role of biodiversity informatics in GBIF, 2021-05-18

The document discusses the role of biodiversity informatics and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) in making biodiversity data available through open access. GBIF provides free and open access to over 1.6 billion species occurrence records from over 1600 data publishers. The document highlights how digitizing natural history collections and integrating diverse biodiversity data sources can support research and policy goals. It emphasizes best practices like using common data standards, publishing datasets on GBIF to make them widely discoverable and reusable, and citing data with DOIs to incentivize open data sharing.

GBIF and Biodiversity informatics for museums, 15 March 2021

This document discusses open data and open science practices in natural history museums. It summarizes that very few museum specimens have been digitized, with GBIF publishing around 1.6 billion records including 200 million specimens. This represents only about 10% of the estimated 1.2-3 billion total specimens. The document promotes open data practices and FAIR data principles. It outlines the role of GBIF in providing infrastructure for open data publishing and how this can enable new research opportunities while supporting policy goals. Museums are encouraged to adopt open science approaches to remain relevant in an era of open data and big biodiversity data.

2016-10-12 MUSIT & GBIF - Dataset portals

2021-01-27--biodiversity-informatics-gbif-(52slides)

GBIF and Open Science

GBIF is a global biodiversity data infrastructure that provides open access to over 1.6 billion species occurrence records. It connects over 1,600 data publishers through a voluntary network of participants and aims to facilitate research and policy related to biodiversity and sustainable development. Data shared through GBIF is cited with digital object identifiers to give credit to data publishers and encourage further data sharing. The presentation reviewed GBIF's role in open science and data citation principles, provided statistics on global and Norwegian contributions to the network, and explained how to publish and cite biodiversity data through GBIF.

FAIR and open biodiversity collection data management

BioDATA capacity enhancement curriculum at GBIF GB26 Global Nodes Meeting in ...