This document discusses resealed erythrocytes, which are red blood cells that have been loaded with drugs or other substances. Resealed erythrocytes are biocompatible carriers that can provide long-circulating and targeted drug delivery. They are prepared by collecting blood, separating red blood cells from plasma, breaking open the cells, loading them with a drug or substance, and then resealing them. Various methods like hypotonic lysis, chemical perturbation, and electroporation can be used to break and load the cells. The document then discusses properties, preparation methods, characterization techniques, and applications of resealed erythrocytes for drug delivery.
this presentation contain detail information of resealed erythrocytes from what are the resealed erythrocytes to where they are usesd? basic information like what are RBC and their role, history of resealed erythrocytes, sources and isolation method of erythrocytes,effect of tonicity on RBC's, method of drug loading in erythrocytes, characterization of them, applications
Resealed erythrocytes as a novel delivery carrierMariamZewail
Resealed erythrocytes are effective and safe drug carriers for targeted and sustained drug delivery. Drugs can be easily entrapped into erythrocytes by several techniques. Resealed erythrocytes can be used a carrier for drugs, enzyme replacement therapy etc. However, the concept needs further optimization to be converted into a regular drug delivery system.
Resealed erythrocytes as a novel delivery carrierMariamZewail
Resealed erythrocytes can be obtained due to the different responses of red blood cells in response to different pHs. Resealed erythrocytes have several applications as a drug or enzyme carrier.
Brief description of targeted drug delivery system, along with its concept and strategies for drug targeting. Advantages and disadvantages of drug targeting
Need for drug targeting.
this presentation contain detail information of resealed erythrocytes from what are the resealed erythrocytes to where they are usesd? basic information like what are RBC and their role, history of resealed erythrocytes, sources and isolation method of erythrocytes,effect of tonicity on RBC's, method of drug loading in erythrocytes, characterization of them, applications
Resealed erythrocytes as a novel delivery carrierMariamZewail
Resealed erythrocytes are effective and safe drug carriers for targeted and sustained drug delivery. Drugs can be easily entrapped into erythrocytes by several techniques. Resealed erythrocytes can be used a carrier for drugs, enzyme replacement therapy etc. However, the concept needs further optimization to be converted into a regular drug delivery system.
Resealed erythrocytes as a novel delivery carrierMariamZewail
Resealed erythrocytes can be obtained due to the different responses of red blood cells in response to different pHs. Resealed erythrocytes have several applications as a drug or enzyme carrier.
Brief description of targeted drug delivery system, along with its concept and strategies for drug targeting. Advantages and disadvantages of drug targeting
Need for drug targeting.
This document presents We Are Social’s in-depth analysis of the numbers and trends contained in its two huge new studies of the global digital landscape: Digital in 2016 (which you can find at http://bit.ly/DSM2016DI) and the 2016 Digital Yearbook (which you can find at http://bit.ly/DSM2016YB).
Presentation on 1G/2G/3G/4G/5G/Cellular & Wireless TechnologiesKaushal Kaith
This Presentation is explaining all about the Generations of Mobile or Cellular Technology (1G/2G/2.5/ 3G/4g/5G). This explain the invented details ,features,drawbacks,look of wireless models and comparison and evolution of technology from 1G to 5G and also explaining about wireless application and their services.
In-vitro and in-vivo methods of diuretics & antihypertensive final.pptxAishwaryaPatil697206
This ppt contains in-vitro and in-vivo preclinical methods of diuretics and antihypertensive drugs. It contains classification as well as mechanism of action.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
Contact us if you are interested:
Email / Skype : kefaya1771@gmail.com
Threema: PXHY5PDH
New BATCH Ku !!! MUCH IN DEMAND FAST SALE EVERY BATCH HAPPY GOOD EFFECT BIG BATCH !
Contact me on Threema or skype to start big business!!
Hot-sale products:
NEW HOT EUTYLONE WHITE CRYSTAL!!
5cl-adba precursor (semi finished )
5cl-adba raw materials
ADBB precursor (semi finished )
ADBB raw materials
APVP powder
5fadb/4f-adb
Jwh018 / Jwh210
Eutylone crystal
Protonitazene (hydrochloride) CAS: 119276-01-6
Flubrotizolam CAS: 57801-95-3
Metonitazene CAS: 14680-51-4
Payment terms: Western Union,MoneyGram,Bitcoin or USDT.
Deliver Time: Usually 7-15days
Shipping method: FedEx, TNT, DHL,UPS etc.Our deliveries are 100% safe, fast, reliable and discreet.
Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
3. Resealed erythrocytes are prepared by collecting blood
samples from the organism of interest and separating
erythrocytes from plasma.
Resealed erythrocytes are biocompatible,
biodegradable, having long circulation half-life and can
be loaded with variety of active substances.
4. By using various methods (discuss later),cells are broken.
Drug is entrapped into erythrocytes, and then they are
resealed.
Resultant carriers are termed as “Resealed erythrocytes”.
5. PROPERTIES OF RESEALED
ERYTHROCYTES:
The drug should be released at target site in a controlled manner.
It should be appropriate size, shape and should permit the
passage through capillaries and minimum leakage of drug should
take place.
It should be biocompatible and have minimum toxic effect.
The carrier system should have an appreciable stability during
storage.
It should have the ability to carry a broad spectrum of drug.
The degradation product of the carrier system, after release of the
drug at selected site should be biocomaptible.
6. HYPO-OSMOTIC LYSIS METHOD:
Hypotonic lysis of cells in a solution containing the drug
to be entrapped followed by restoration of tonicity and
reseal them.
The ghost population so obtained are heterogeneous.
Three types of ghosts can be distinguished :
a. Type 1:ghosts which reseal immediately after
haemolysis,
b. Type 2:ghosts which reseal after reversal of haemolysis
by addition of alkali ions, and
c. Type 3:ghosts which remain leaky under different
experimental conditions.
8. CHEMICAL PERTURBATION OF THE
MEMBRANE:
This method is based on the increase in membrane
permeability of erythrocytes when the cells are
exposed to certain chemicals.
This method was used successfully by Kitao and
Hattori to entrap the antineoplastic drug “daunomycin”
in human and mouse erythrocytes.
9. ELECTRO-INSERTION OR
ELECTROCAPSULATION:
This method is also known as electroporation, based
on the observation that electrical shock brings about
irreversible changes in an erythrocyte membrane.
The erythrocyte membrane is opened by a dielectric
breakdown. Subsequently, the pores can be resealed
by incubation at 37⁰c in an isotonic medium.
10. CHARACTERIZATION OF RESEALED
ERYTHROCYTES:
DRUG-CONTENT DETERMINATION: Packed loaded
cells are deprotenized with acetonitrile after
centrifugation at 300 rpm for a fixed time interval. The
clear supernatant liquid is assayed for drug content.
IN-VITRO DRUG RELEASE AND Hb CONTENT: The
cell suspensions are stored at 4⁰c in ambered colored
glass container. Periodically clear supernatant are
drawn using a hypodermic syringe, filter and
deproteined with methanol and then estimated for drug
content.
%Hb release= A540 of sample – A540 of background
11. % CELL RECOVERY: May be determined by counting
the no. of intact cells per cubic mm of packed
erythrocytes before and after loading the drug.
ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE: It is an
estimate of the suspension stability of RBC in plasma
and is related to the no. and size of the red cells and to
relative concentration of plasma protein, especially
fibrinogen and alpha and beta globulins. This test is
performed by determining the rate of sedimentation of
blood cells in a standard tube.
NORMAL BLOOD ESR=0-15 mm/hr.
12. APPLICATIONS:
Targeting of bioactive agents to RE system
Targeting to sites other than RES-rich organs
Erythrocytes as circulating bioreactors
Erythrocytes as carriers for enzymes
14. REFERNCES
Jain S.K. and Vyas S.P., “Magnetically Responsive
Diclofenac Sodium- Loaded Erythrocytes: Preparation
and In-Vitro Characterization, CBS Publishers and
Distributors, pg. no.-141-51.
Vyas S.P. and Dixit V.K., Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
, CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi, pg. no. 655