2. Day 1: Today we will be introduced to cells –
their types, and their functions.
Cells… How
important are
they?
Happy Cells, Happy Life
3. A cell is the smallest part of
your body that carries out the
activities of life.
Cells are the basic building
blocks that make up all living
things.
4. The tiniest organisms are
only single cells.
Multicellular organisms, on
the other hand, have many
cells, maybe trillions.
Most cells are too tiny to
be seen by the eye alone.
5. A single drop of blood
would hold millions of red
blood cells like the ones
pictured on the right.
You definitely need a
microscope to see them.
6. Let’s look at an
animal or human
cell and some of the
parts that make it
up.
7. Mitochondria are the cell’s
power producers. Mitochondria
combine oxygen and food to
produce energy.
Vacuoles can sometimes act
like a stomach, storing and
breaking down material. In
plants, vacuoles may store
water
Cytoplasm is all
the material of the
cell between the
cell membrane and
the nucleus.
The cell membrane
surrounds a cell, holding the
parts of the cell together. It
allows needed materials,
such as sugar, water, and
oxygen, to enter the cell. It
allows certain other
materials, such as carbon
dioxide and other waste
products, to exit.
The cell nucleus acts like the brain
of the cell. It helps control eating,
movement, and reproduction.
8. Just as footballs, basketballs, and hockey pucks all have
different shapes and different purposes, so do different cells.
Your body has about 200 different kinds of cells.
A cell’s shape is often specialized to fit its job.
9.
10. Plants, animals and people are made up of many cells.
Different cells do different jobs.
The three different jobs that cells have are to make
1) tissues,
2) organs,
3) and systems.
11. Day 2: Today we will explore how
cells form four types of tissues.
12. From Cells to Organ Systems
• Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to
form organs.
• Tissues are a team of cells that join together to form
organs that do a special job.
• Cells combine to form four primary tissues:
– 1) Epithelial tissue
– 2) Connective tissue
– 3) Muscle tissue
– 4) Nervous tissue
16. • Two types:
– A) membranes
• form the coverings or linings of organs
– B) glands
• form exocrine and endocrine glands
Epithelium
17. • An important structural component of organs
– Consists of two types:
• Dense connective tissue
• Loose connective tissue
2) Connective Tissue
18. • Consists of specialized cells that contract when stimulated
• The body has three types of muscle tissue:
• Cardiac (involuntary)
• Skeletal (voluntary)
• Smooth muscle (involuntary)
3) Muscle Tissue
19. 4) Nervous Tissue
• Contains specialized cells that
conduct impulses
• Conducting cells, called neurons,
transmit impulses from one region
of the body to another.
• Nonconducting cells, neuroglia,
are a type of nervous system
connective tissue.
21. Day 3: Today we will explore how groups
of tissues form organs.
22. Organs
• Tissues combine to form organs.
– Organs are discrete structures that have evolved to
perform specific functions
23. A group of different kinds of tissues working together to carry
out a body function is called an organ. Some kinds of organs
include:
1) eyes 2) ears
3) stomach 4) heart
5) lungs 6) pancreas
7) tongue 8) liver
9) mouth 10) small & large intestines
24. Day 4: Today we will explore how groups of
organs form organ systems.
Some systems we will discuss next include the
digestive and excretory systems.
Other kinds of systems include circulatory, nervous,
respiratory, muscular and skeletal.
We will also review cells.
25. Organ Systems
• Tissues combine to form organs.
– Organs are discrete structures that have evolved to perform specific
functions
– Most organs do not function alone, they are part of a group of
cooperative organs, called an organ system.
– Organs combine to form organ systems.
– Organ systems are a group of organs that work together to do a
major job that keeps an organism alive.
26. Types of Organ Systems
Let’s take a quick overview of some of our body’s organ systems.
Integumentary system
-regulates fluid and blood loss
Skeletal system
-frame work for the body
Muscular system
- -creates movement
Immune System
-portions of many different
systems that fight disease
Lymphatic System
- -supports immune systems:
houses white blood cells
Cardiovascular System
-transportation of nutrients and
gas waste
Urinary system
-get rid of nitrogenous waste
out of blood
Digestive system
-breaks down food into the
building blocks for the body
Respiratory system
-portions moistens and heats
air
Nervous system
-coordination of muscles
Endocrine System
-secrets hormones that
regulate growth,
metabolism and general
body function.
Reproductive System-
-production offspring ous
29. This week we will discover how the digestive
and excretory systems work in our bodies.
Day 1: Today we will be starting our digestive
adventure with our mouths, teeth, taste buds, and
esophagus.
30. The Digestive System
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Small Intestine
• Large Intestine
• Liver
• Gall Bladder
• Pancreas
What has happened to the food you ate today?
31. In the Mouth
• Digestion actually begins in the
mouth.
• The teeth break the food into
smaller pieces, and the tongue
moves the pieces around so that
saliva can be mixed with them.
• This begins the digestion.
• Then swallow, and the journey
begins!
32. Esophagus
• About 10” long
• Moves food from the
throat to the stomach.
– The muscle movement is
called peristalsis.
• Heartburn is when acid
from the stomach gets in
here.
33. Day 2: Today we will find out what happens to food
in the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.
34. Stomach
• Stores the food you eat,
breaks it down into tiny pieces.
• Mixes food with digestive
juices.
• Acid in the stomach kills
bacteria.
• It can stretch and shrink.
35. Small Intestine
• Small intestines are roughly
22 feet long. “Small” refers to
its diameter, not its length.
• Insides are coated with little
‘fingers’ called cilia to increase
surface area.
• Nutrients from the food pass
into the bloodstream through
the small intestine walls.
• You can have pieces removed
but it is very hard for your
body to get the right nutrients.
36. Large Intestine
• About 5 feet long.
• Accepts what small intestines
don’t absorb.
• Absorbs water and minerals
from the waste matter.
• You can lose a large part of
this and still survive.
37. Day 3: Today we will discuss the roles of the liver,
gall bladder, and pancreas.
38. Liver
• Directly affects digestion by
producing bile.
– Bile helps digest fat.
• Processes nutrients in the
blood, filters out toxins and
waste.
• Is often called the body’s
energy factory.
• You cannot live without a
liver, although you can live
with a part of one.
• Drinking alcohol damages
the liver.
39. Gall Bladder
• Stores bile from the liver.
• Delivers bile when food is
digested.
• Fatty diets can cause
gallstones.
• You can live without a
gallbladder.
40. Pancreas
• Produces compounds to
digest fats and proteins.
• Neutralizes acids that enter
small intestine.
• Regulates blood sugar by
producing insulin.
• If it doesn’t work right you get
diabetes.
41. Day 4: Today we will learn about a system
our body uses to eliminate toxins and stay
healthy.
Let’s also watch a video about how the
digestive and excretory system work and
then review.
Digestive System video
42. Fun Facts
• HOW LONG ARE YOUR INTESTINES? At least 25 feet
in an adult. Be glad you're not a full-grown horse -- their
coiled-up intestines are 89 feet long!
• Food drying up and hanging out in the large intestine
can last 18 hours to 2 days!
• In your lifetime, your digestive system may handle
about 50 tons of food and liquid!!
43.
44. On a sheet of paper, write the name of
each colored organ:
• Green:
• Red:
• Pink:
• Brown:
• Purple:
• Green:
• Yellow:
45. Did you get the answers right?
• Green: Esophagus
• Red: Stomach
• Pink: Small Intestine
• Brown: Large Intestine
• Purple: Liver
• Green: Gall Bladder
• Yellow: Pancreas
Great Job!
46. References and Links
• Your Digestive System and How It Works:
http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/yrdd/Your_Digestive_Sys.pdf
– Digestive system diagram comes from this site
• The Real Deal on the Digestive System
http://kidshealth.org/kid/body/digest_SW_p2.html
• Pancreas: Introduction and Index
http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/pancreas/i
ndex.html
• Your Gross and Cool Body – Digestive System
http://yucky.discovery.com/flash/body/pg000126.html
