The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and physiology. There are two main types of cells: eukaryotes, which have a nucleus and organelles, and prokaryotes, which lack a nucleus and organelles. Cell growth and metabolism allows cells to process nutrients through catabolism and anabolism. The cell membrane forms a protective barrier around the cell and controls what moves in and out through diffusion, osmosis, active transport, and filtration. Cell division through mitosis and meiosis allows cells to grow and replicate.

1. STRUCTURE &
PHYSIOLOGY
THE CELL

2. Group Names
1-YASMIN YEHIA
2-AMGAD HUSSEIN
3-SERAG ALI
4-MOHAMED MOKHTAR
5-AHMED HASAN
6-WALEED ABD ELAZIZ

3. Definition of cell
The cell is the fundamental
unit of structuree

4. Cell structure

5. Type of cell
eukaryotes
Have nucleus
Have DNA
Cell division
(mitosis& meiosis)
E.g animals& plants
Prokaryotes
No nucleus
No DNA
Cell division by binary
fission
E.g bacteria

6. Cell growth and metabolism
Cell grow through the functioning of cellular
metabolism. Cell metabolism is the process
by which individual cells process nutrients
molecules . Metabolism has two distinct
division: catabolism, in which the cell breaks
down complex molecules to produce energy
and anabolism, in which the cells use energy
and to construct molecules and perform
other biological functions.

7. Function of cell
1. Cell division
2. Transport Metabolism
3. Transport through cell
membrane

8. Cell division
Is the process by which new cells
are formed for growth, repair, and
replacement at the body

9. Types of cell division
Mitosis: which result in two cell
identical to the one parent cell
Meiosis: daughters cell with half
genetic material

10. Mitosis
Prophase: cell prepared to division

11. metaphase

12. anaphase

16. Cell membrane
1. Definition it is structure to protect cell
and control the enterers of substance
2. Description it is bilipids layer
embedded between protein lipids
 head H2O soluble +ve charge called
hydrophili
 Tail H2O in soluble -ve called hydrophobic

17. Function
1. It acts as barrier, enclosing and protecting
the component of cell
2. It acts as agate, controlling the flow of
molecules in and out of the cell

18. The cell must selectively absorb nutrients
that are essential to its growth and
function
 Osmosis
 Diffusion
 Active transport
 filtration

19. Diffusion
 It occurs only in substances is the movement
of substance through the membranes from
any area of high concentration gradient this
process called passive diffusion
• Another type of diffusion is facilitate in
diffusion occurs when water soluble
molecule move through the membrane with
the help of proteins

20. Active transport
Is the movement of the substance against
the concentration gradient from low
concentration to high amount of high
amount of energy ATP

21. filtration
Is the movement of water and solutes from an
area of high hydrostatic pressure to an area
of low hydrostatic pressure
Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure that is
created by the weight of fluid

22. Cystic fibrosis
Genetic defect in transport of substances
through cell membrane