2. Cell ProcessesCell Processes
How do cells get the energyHow do cells get the energy
they need to carry out all theirthey need to carry out all their
functions?functions?
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
3. ChemicalChemical
Compounds inCompounds in
CellsCells
Element:Element: Any substance thatAny substance that
cannot be broken down intocannot be broken down into
simpler substances.simpler substances.
Examples: Carbon (C),Examples: Carbon (C),
Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O),Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O),
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
4. ChemicalChemical
Compounds inCompounds in
CellsCells
Compound:Compound: When 2 or moreWhen 2 or more
elements combine chemicallyelements combine chemically
to form a compound.to form a compound.
Examples: Water (HExamples: Water (H22 O), SugarO), Sugar
(C(C66 HH1212 OO66 ), Salt (NaCl)), Salt (NaCl)
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
5. Organic vs. InorganicOrganic vs. Inorganic
Organic Material:Organic Material: Are compounds that areAre compounds that are
living or were once living.living or were once living.
Compounds that are organic will contain theCompounds that are organic will contain the
elements Carbon (C) and Hydrogen (H).elements Carbon (C) and Hydrogen (H).
Cells need to use organic compounds forCells need to use organic compounds for
energy in order for the organelles to performenergy in order for the organelles to perform
their individual functions.their individual functions.
6. Organic vs. InorganicOrganic vs. Inorganic
Inorganic:Inorganic: Compounds that are not or neverCompounds that are not or never
were living.were living.
Compounds that are Inorganic will notCompounds that are Inorganic will not
contain the elements Carbon (C) andcontain the elements Carbon (C) and
Hydrogen (H) together.Hydrogen (H) together.
Example: (Water) HExample: (Water) H22OO
Water is needed to perform all functionsWater is needed to perform all functions
within a cell.within a cell.
7. Obtaining energy.Obtaining energy.
Humans must eat food and drink waterHumans must eat food and drink water
in order to obtain the necessaryin order to obtain the necessary
energy for our bodies to function.energy for our bodies to function.
In the same way, cells must consumeIn the same way, cells must consume
“food” and use water in order for them“food” and use water in order for them
to function as well.to function as well.
8. How Does The Cell GetHow Does The Cell Get
Its Food and Water?Its Food and Water?
The Cell Membrane is SELECTIVELY
PERMEABLE: Some things are allowed in
or out and some things are not allowed in
or out. (Like a Screen Door).
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
9. How Does The Cell GetHow Does The Cell Get
Its Food and Water?Its Food and Water?
3 Ways that Substances can move in or
out of a cell:
1. Osmosis: Is the movement of water in
and out of the cell.
10. How Does The Cell GetHow Does The Cell Get
Its Food and Water?Its Food and Water?
3 Ways that Substances can move in or
out of a cell:
2. Diffusion: Molecules move from an area
of high concentration to an area of lower
concentration.
11. How Does The Cell GetHow Does The Cell Get
Its Food and Water?Its Food and Water?
3 Ways that Substances can move in or
out of a cell:
3. Transport:
Passive Transport: Materials passing through the cell
membrane without requiring the cell’s energy. (Moving
from High concentration low concentration.)
Active Transport: Materials passing through the cell
membrane that require the cell’s energy. (Moving from
low concentration to high concentration.)
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
12. PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis
Plants use light energy (sunlight) toPlants use light energy (sunlight) to
combine carbon dioxide (COcombine carbon dioxide (CO22 ) and) and
water (Hwater (H22 O) to make simple sugarsO) to make simple sugars
(C(C66 HH1212 OO66 ))
13. Why is this important to us?Why is this important to us?
We cannot make our own foodWe cannot make our own food
(glucose or energy) we must get(glucose or energy) we must get
our food from plants.our food from plants.
Plants are the first step in thePlants are the first step in the
food chain.food chain.
14.
15. What is all this “food” (betterWhat is all this “food” (better
known as glucose) used for?known as glucose) used for?
It can be used by the plant to makeIt can be used by the plant to make
energy in the mitochondriaenergy in the mitochondria
It can be stored by the plants in vacuolesIt can be stored by the plants in vacuoles
It can be eaten by a consumerIt can be eaten by a consumer
16. What happens duringWhat happens during
photosynthesis?photosynthesis?
Chloroplasts in plant cellsChloroplasts in plant cells
capture light energy and usecapture light energy and use
that energy to make glucosethat energy to make glucose
or “food”or “food”
Oxygen gas is also releasedOxygen gas is also released
as a by-product in thisas a by-product in this
reactionreaction
19. Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration
ALL organisms break downALL organisms break down
simple sugars (Csimple sugars (C66 HH1212 OO66 ) for the) for the
energy they containenergy they contain
20. Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration
Sugar is broken down into CarbonSugar is broken down into Carbon
Dioxide (CODioxide (CO22 ) and Water (H) and Water (H22 O)O)
The Chemical Formula looks likeThe Chemical Formula looks like
this:this:
CC66HH1212OO66 ++ OO22 COCO22 ++ HH22O + ENERGYO + ENERGY
Sugar+ OxygenCarbon Dioxide + water + ENERGY
Or in English…….
21. What’s this energy for?What’s this energy for?
To build new cell partsTo build new cell parts
To repair cell partsTo repair cell parts
To reproduce cellsTo reproduce cells
22. Where does it happen?Where does it happen?
Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration
occurs in theoccurs in the
mitochondria!!!mitochondria!!!
