a short presentation on cellular respiration

1. CELLULAR RESPIRATION
(process of energy production)
SIPHESIHLE MASEMOLA
216053035
TST0B3: RE-PURPOSE

2. WHAT IS CELLULAR RESPIRATION?
 The process by which energy is produced using oxygen and food.
 The requirements of cellular respiration are oxygen and glucose,
 The byproducts are carbon dioxide and water.
 The chemical formula of cellular respiration is as follows;
C6H12O6 (glucose) + O2 = CO2 + H2O + ATP
And is the opposite of photosynthesis.

3. WHICH ORGANISMS CAN UNDERGO
CELLULAR RESPIRATION?
 All living organisms undergo cellular respiration
 Cellular respiration helps living organisms with metabolic processes
 Herbivores obtain their food through cellular respiration
 Carnivores and omnivores benefit from cellular respiration by means of metabolic reactions
 Cellular respiration is directly linked to photosynthesis.

4. WHERE DOES CELLULAR RESPIRATION
TAKE PLACE IN LIVING ORGANISMS?
Cellular respiration takes in both the animal and plant cells of living
organism.
It takes in an organelle called the mitochondria of the cell which is
responsible for providing the cell with energy.
The mitochondria has a double unit membrane which is the; outer
membrane (smooth oval) and the inner membrane (folded cristae)

5. THE STRUCTURE OF THE
MITOCHONDRIA

6. COENZYMES REQUIRED FOR CELLULAR
RESPIRATION
 NAD+ :
• A coenzyme that is a electron acceptor, accepts 2 electrons and 1 hydrogen ion to form
NADH.
• The opposite can happen with NADH giving off electrons and hydrogen ions to form NAD+
again.
 FAD:
 A coenzyme that is a electron acceptor, accepts 2 electrons and 2 hydrogen ions to form
FADH2.

7. STAGES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION
 Cellular respiration is divided into 2 processes:
1. Aerobic respiration
 Requires oxygen to take place
 Glucose + oxygen = water + carbon dioxide + ATP
 Includes 3 phases; glycolysis, Krebs's cycle and oxidative phosphorylation
2. Anaerobic respiration
 Does not require oxygen to take place
 Products are alcohol and lactic acid
 Includes fermentation

8. GLYCOLYSIS
 Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell
 Glucose is broken into 2x pyruvic acids
 Energy rich in H atoms are given to coenzyme NADH and move to the
mitochondria to used during oxidative phosphorylation.
 2ATP molecules are released.

9. GLYCOLYSIS

10. KREB’S CYCLE
o Occurs in the mitochondria
o Pyruvic acid from Glycolysis is broken down
into carbon dioxide and energy rich H atoms
which are picked up by NAD, to be used
during oxidative phosphorylation.
o Carbon dioxide will be transported in the
blood to the lungs and exhaled during
breathing.
o The cycle starts again.

11. OXIDATVE PHOSPHORYLATION
 Occurs in the mitochondria
 The energy from the energy rich NADH is
used to make ATP
 The H in the in the NAD combines with
oxygen to make water
 The water is either exhaled as water
vapour or is excreted by the kidneys as
part of urine.

12. FERMENTATION
 Fermentation is an anaerobic reaction of cellular respiration that does not
require oxygen to take place
 It therefore, a glycolysis reaction that happens during this phase.
 Fermentation has two products:
1. Alcoholic fermentation
2. Lactic acid fermentation

13. FERMENTATION

14. REFERENCE
• Jones, R. (2007) 4.4 Aerobic respiration. Available from Slideshare at https://www.slideshare.net/cgales/cellular-
respiration?next_slideshow=1
• McGinley, M. (2012) Cellular Respiration. Available from Slideshare at
https://www.slideshare.net/MarkMcGinley/cellular-respiration-11758578
• Serrano, C. (2015) Cellular Respiration. Available from Slideshare at https://www.slideshare.net/chrstnbby/cellular-
respiration-45943784
• BiologyIB. (2010) Cellular Respiration. Available from Slideshare at https://www.slideshare.net/BiologyIB/cellular-
respiration-powerpoint
• Skyujones. (2013) Aerobic Respiration. Available from Slideshare at https://www.slideshare.net/skyujones/aerobic-
respiration-16471478