Gut Microbiota Role in Liver Regeneration: Evidences and Novel Insights | Cri...CrimsonpublishersITERM
Human pathophysiological status highly depends on microbiota activity; its presence is in fact necessary to a healthy development, as well as for backing up immune system in the defense from pathogens. Gut microbiota also acts as a metabolic player that takes part in host metabolism by partially regulating bile acids (BAs) metabolism, as well as farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signalling. In fact, if microbiota functions are totally or even partially impaired, its role in supporting both BAs and FXR pathways will be undermined too, resulting in a diminished liver regeneration function. Hepatic pathologies have been associated to impaired gut microbial diversity, that can trigger a positive feedback cycle that worsen liver injury and obstruct liver regeneration process. Alcoholic liver disease subjects were typically infected by Bacteroides species and expanded Proteobacteria ones. Thus, it can be inferred that an intimate relationship between microbiota, hepatic metabolism and injury as well as regeneration is standing. Within this complex scenario, it is not surprising that the gut-liver axis could be also part of the regenerative mechanisms that, under certain circumstances, occur within the hepatic environment. This opinion paper aims to put together some of the evidences related to this thesis in order to consolidate it and give new insights about it.
Gut Microbiota Role in Liver Regeneration: Evidences and Novel Insights | Cri...CrimsonpublishersITERM
Human pathophysiological status highly depends on microbiota activity; its presence is in fact necessary to a healthy development, as well as for backing up immune system in the defense from pathogens. Gut microbiota also acts as a metabolic player that takes part in host metabolism by partially regulating bile acids (BAs) metabolism, as well as farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signalling. In fact, if microbiota functions are totally or even partially impaired, its role in supporting both BAs and FXR pathways will be undermined too, resulting in a diminished liver regeneration function. Hepatic pathologies have been associated to impaired gut microbial diversity, that can trigger a positive feedback cycle that worsen liver injury and obstruct liver regeneration process. Alcoholic liver disease subjects were typically infected by Bacteroides species and expanded Proteobacteria ones. Thus, it can be inferred that an intimate relationship between microbiota, hepatic metabolism and injury as well as regeneration is standing. Within this complex scenario, it is not surprising that the gut-liver axis could be also part of the regenerative mechanisms that, under certain circumstances, occur within the hepatic environment. This opinion paper aims to put together some of the evidences related to this thesis in order to consolidate it and give new insights about it.
Short bowel syndrome in infants... Dr Sunil DeshmukhSunil Deshmukh
Management of Short bowel syndrome in neonates & infants.........................by
Dr Sunil B Deshmukh, MBBS MD Paediatrics, Fellow in Neonatology(KEM Hospital ,Pune)
Mal absorption syndrome is a group of disorders marked by
Indigestion
Excessive nutrients loss in stools
Abnormal absorption of dietary constituents
It is a state arising from abnormality in absorption of food nutrients across the gastrointestinal tract.
Impairment can be of single or multiple nutrients depending on the abnormality. This may lead to malnutrition and a variety of anemia.
Malabsorption constitutes the pathological interference with the normal physiological sequence of body.
Hydration and Fluid Replacement
Fluid in take is the most important nutritional factor during competition . Dehydration is a concern during any physical activity. Athletes should aim to drink regularly rather then wait until they become thirsty as thirst is often a poor indicator of hydration.
Fluid requirements vary remarkably between athletes and between exercise situations. Fluid losses and the onset of dehydration are affected by:
Genetics - some people innately sweat more than others
Body Size - larger athletes tend to sweat more than smaller athletes
Fitness - fitter people sweat earlier in exercise and in larger volumes
Environment - sweat losses are higher in hot, humid conditions
Exercise Intensity - sweat losses increase as exercise intensity increases
Generally athletes should aim to drink 150- 250mls of water every 15 minutes
Fluid Losses
General Fluid Replacement Guidelines
Immediately, before exercise commences, consume 200-600 ml of fluid.
Develop a plan for fluid intake for all exercise sessions longer than 30 minutes. Aim to match previous fluid losses as closely as possible (within 1% of body mass). Take into account all the opportunities within the sport.
Begin drinking early in the exercise session and continue to drink small amounts regularly. Sports drink or water are the best options.
Aim to replace fluids as they are lost
(http://www.ausport.gov.au/ais/nutrition/factsheets/hydration2/fluid_-_who_needs_it)
General Fluid Replacement Guidelines cont.
Drink plenty of water after exercise, past the point of quenching your thirst
Avoid drinking tea, coffee, cola drinks and alcohol after training or games
Glucose are not recommended as they can speed up the onset of dehydration
Sports drinks should only be taken in small amounts before a sport to prevent the early use of glycogen stores
Short bowel syndrome in infants... Dr Sunil DeshmukhSunil Deshmukh
Management of Short bowel syndrome in neonates & infants.........................by
Dr Sunil B Deshmukh, MBBS MD Paediatrics, Fellow in Neonatology(KEM Hospital ,Pune)
Mal absorption syndrome is a group of disorders marked by
Indigestion
Excessive nutrients loss in stools
Abnormal absorption of dietary constituents
It is a state arising from abnormality in absorption of food nutrients across the gastrointestinal tract.
Impairment can be of single or multiple nutrients depending on the abnormality. This may lead to malnutrition and a variety of anemia.
Malabsorption constitutes the pathological interference with the normal physiological sequence of body.
Hydration and Fluid Replacement
Fluid in take is the most important nutritional factor during competition . Dehydration is a concern during any physical activity. Athletes should aim to drink regularly rather then wait until they become thirsty as thirst is often a poor indicator of hydration.
Fluid requirements vary remarkably between athletes and between exercise situations. Fluid losses and the onset of dehydration are affected by:
Genetics - some people innately sweat more than others
Body Size - larger athletes tend to sweat more than smaller athletes
Fitness - fitter people sweat earlier in exercise and in larger volumes
Environment - sweat losses are higher in hot, humid conditions
Exercise Intensity - sweat losses increase as exercise intensity increases
Generally athletes should aim to drink 150- 250mls of water every 15 minutes
Fluid Losses
General Fluid Replacement Guidelines
Immediately, before exercise commences, consume 200-600 ml of fluid.
Develop a plan for fluid intake for all exercise sessions longer than 30 minutes. Aim to match previous fluid losses as closely as possible (within 1% of body mass). Take into account all the opportunities within the sport.
Begin drinking early in the exercise session and continue to drink small amounts regularly. Sports drink or water are the best options.
Aim to replace fluids as they are lost
(http://www.ausport.gov.au/ais/nutrition/factsheets/hydration2/fluid_-_who_needs_it)
General Fluid Replacement Guidelines cont.
Drink plenty of water after exercise, past the point of quenching your thirst
Avoid drinking tea, coffee, cola drinks and alcohol after training or games
Glucose are not recommended as they can speed up the onset of dehydration
Sports drinks should only be taken in small amounts before a sport to prevent the early use of glycogen stores
Ellen Kamhi, PhD RN, The Natural Nurse, Leaky Gut is also called Compromised Intestinal Permeability, due to loss of integrity of the tight junctions between cells in the intestinal mucosa, and is well documented in the scientific literature. See my document Role of Intestinal Permeability in the Inflammatory Process. This condition should be addressed by all health care providers.
Increase your Understanding of the Pathogenesis of Gluten Spectrum DisordersCell Science Systems
Recently, researchers at Harvard University, Alessio Fasano et. al., and the National Institutes of Health (laboratories of immunology and cellular and molecular biology), reported real-time microscopic observations of gluten-induced neutrophil activation.
According to authors, " To what extent neutrophil function adds to, or protects against, gluten intolerance is currently under vigorous investigation."
This presentation will shed light on this question. It will also review the Fasano study and examine the role of neutrophil function in multiple disease conditions, as well as explore how neutrophil function may also play a dual role in protecting the body from the untoward effects of dietary and environmental agents.
Short bowel syndrome is one of the most complex sequel to resection of extensive lengths of the small intestine. The nutritional depletion caused exerts deleterious effects on every organ system of the body. Identifying and managing this complex problem is the biggest challenge to the clinician. The pathophysiology and therapeutic approach to short bowel syndrome is discussed
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
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Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
1. Alternative Medicine Review Volume 14, Number 3 2009
Review Article
Digestive and Nutritional
Considerations in Celiac Disease:
Could Supplementation Help?
Tom Malterre, MS, CN
signaling molecules. This article reviews these concerns
in conjunction with considering supplementation as an
Abstract adjunct to a gluten-free diet.
Due to the increased immune activation in the intestinal tract of
people with celiac disease, the digestive and absorptive processes Pancreatic Insufficiency
of those affected may be compromised. Individuals with celiac Postprandial hormone secretion signals the
exocrine pancreas to secrete enzymes that assist in the
disease are more susceptible to pancreatic insufficiencies,
digestion of partially digested foodstuffs (chyme) in the
dysbiosis, lactase insufficiencies, and folic acid, vitamin B12,
upper intestines. The primary hormonal signal for pan-
iron, and vitamin D deficiencies, as well as accelerated bone
creatic enzyme secretion is cholecystokinin (CCK). The
loss due to an increase in inflammatory signaling molecules. enteric neurons and I-cells responsible for the secretion
Beyond strict maintenance of a gluten-free diet, research has of CCK are found in the crypts and villi of both the
shown benefit with additional nutritional supplementation duodenum and jejunum. Peptides, amino acids, and fats
to assist in regulation of several of these complications. in the chyme stimulate the secretion of CCK that binds
(Altern Med Rev 2009;14(3):247-257) to CCK-A receptors found on vagal afferent neurons.
Once these receptors are bound, a neuronal reflex is
Introduction stimulated that inhibits gastric and duodenal motility,
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune condi- as well as initiates suppression of appetite and a de-
tion characterized by damage to intestinal cells lead- crease in acid secretion.
ing to ultimate deterioration. Emphasis is often put on Simultaneously, the exocrine pancreas is stim-
the degradation of the finger-like projections (villous ulated to secrete digestive enzymes, and the gallbladder
atrophy) in the duodenal and jejunal regions, as these is signaled to secrete bile (Figure 2). Therefore, any con-
are the most frequently observed dysfunctional tissues dition that causes mucosal tissue damage to the duo-
in this disorder (Figure 1). A derangement in the up- denum or jejunum, or an alteration in the function of
per intestinal morphology and alterations in the local the necessary cells in these locations, can contribute
chemical environment surrounding the immunological to a reduction in pancreatic enzyme secretion. This
responses to gliadin (a protein fragment found in wheat, has been documented in gluten, dairy, and bacterial
barley, and rye) may lead to increased susceptibility to a enteropathies.2-4
variety of adverse consequences.1 Well-known are the
deficiencies of folic acid, vitamin B12, iron, and vitamin Tom Malterre MS, CN – BS and MS in nutrition, certified as a nutritionist by
D associated with subsequent elevated homocysteine the Washington State Department of Health; co-owner of Whole Life Nutrition;
levels, iron deficiencies, and bone and immune disor- co-author of the gluten-free Whole Life Nutrition Cookbook and www.
glutenfreewholefoods.blogspot.com; lectures as part of the education staff at
ders. Lesser known are possible pancreatic insufficien- Thorne Research.
Email: tom@wholelifenutrition.net
cies, dairy intolerances, dysbiosis, dyspepsia, and ac-
celerated bone loss due to an increase in inflammatory
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