This document discusses routing basics and router configuration. It covers the components and functions of routers, including forwarding packets between networks based on routing tables. It also describes configuring router interfaces and loopback interfaces, and filtering show commands. Additionally, it examines routing decisions based on metrics and administrative distance. Static and dynamic routing protocols are introduced as ways to configure and maintain routing tables.

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3- ROUTING BASICS
3.1 Routing Overview
3.2 Basic Router Configuration
3.3 Routing Desicion
3.4 Router Operations

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3.1 Routing Basics

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WHATISROUTER?
• Networking device that
forwards data packets between
different networks
• Performs IP routing based on
routing table
• Routing table is established by
static or dynamic routing

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ROUTERCOMPONENTS
• Operating system ( IOS )
• CPU
• Memory and storage ( flash,
RAM, ROM, NVRAM ) (Limited)

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ROUTERBACKPANELVIEW

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ROUTERCONNECTION
• Routers connect different networks

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3.2 Basic Router Configuration

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FIRSTCONFIGOFROUTER

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ROUTERINTERFACE IPv4CONFIGURATION
• Router interfaces are passive first, must be activated by ‘no shut’ command
Verification
Gig 0/0 Gig 0/0
Router1 Router2

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ROUTERINTERFACE IPv6CONFIGURATION
• Router interfaces are passive first, must be activated by ‘no shut’ command
Verification
Gig 0/0 Gig 0/0
Router1 Router2

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ROUTERLOOPBACKINTERFACECONFIG
• Loopback is NOT a physical interface
• Always ‘UP’ so no need to ‘no shut’ command
• Used for many purposes like ip routing, testing etc.
Loopback 0
Gig 0/0 Gig 0/0
Router1 Router2

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FILTERINGSHOWCOMMAND
• Include
• Exclude
• Begin
• Section

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3.3 Routing Desicion

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PACKET‘S JOURNEYONA ROUTEDNETWORK
• How James can send packet to Johnny ?
• Routers check routing tables and forward packets
to destination

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PATHSELECTION
• Static or Dynamic Routing
• Lowest metric is preferred first
(If AD and prefix length are
equal ) for dynamic routing. If
metrics are equal too : Load
Balancing
• Metric is calculated differently
for each dynamic routing
protocol (i.e. hop count for
RIP, cost for OSPF )

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ADMINISTRIVEDISTANCE(AD)

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3.4 Router Operations

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STATICROUTING
• Manually configured routing
entry
• Must be manually updated if
topology changes
• Suitable for very small networks

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IPv4STATICROUTINGEXAMPLE
• Verification : RouterA#show ip route or RouterA#show ip route static

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IPv6STATICROUTINGEXAMPLE
• Verification : R1#show ipv6 route or RouterA#show ipv6 route static

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IPv4DEFAULTSTATICROUTINGEXAMPLE
• Send everything to 192.168.2.2 !

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IPv6DEFAULTSTATICROUTINGEXAMPLE
• Send everything to 2001:db8:cafe:2::2

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FLOATINGSTATICROUTE
R1
• Used for creating a backup path
• Higher AD for backup path
• Only active when primary route
fails

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SUMMARYROUTES
10.20.0.0/14
10.22.0.0/16
10.23.0.0/16
Router 1
10.20.0.0/16
10.21.0.0/16
10.22.0.0/16
10.23.0.0/16
10.20.0.0/14
• R1 represents all four networks using a single network
Gig0/0

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STATICROUTING&CIDR
• Classless Inter Domain Routing
• CIDR uses VLSM to summarize
routing tables in routers to more
general addresses
10.41.8.0/21
Router A

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DYNAMICROUTING
• Uses Routing Protocols that
dynamically discover network
destinations and how to get to them
• Automatically updated if topology
changes
• Suitable for large networks
• Rapid convergence

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IPv4DYNAMICROUTINGPROTOCOLS
• RIP
• EIGRP
• OSPF
• IS-IS
• BGP

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IPv6DYNAMICROUTINGPROTOCOLS
• RIPng
• EIGRP for IPv6
• OSPFv3
• MP-BGP4